Microwave Sensors in Advanced Technologies for Medical Diagnostics and Therapy

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, much attention has been paid to new microwave technologies in medicine, which are focused on the diagnosis or monitoring of treatment based on microwave medical imaging (MWMI). These new technologies can supplement the diagnostic information that allows us to obtain established diagnostic methods, such as Computer Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), in a regular clinic. The connecting element for all the mentioned technologies is the use of the physical principles of EM field, but in different frequency bands.

At present, MWMI covers quite wide and diverse area. It includes the following technologies:

• Microwave radiometry (i.e., passive sensing of EM power radiated from the studied area, which enables the reconstruction of temperature distribution inside it);
• Microwave differential tomography (i.e., mapping of a complex propagation of MWs within the imaged domain—in case of small changes in dielectric properties inside it, the problem can be treated as linear by using the Born approximation (BA) and Distorted Born approximation (DBA) and, as such, real time imaging become feasible);
• Microwave radars (i.e., novel technology, e.g., for noninvasive monitoring of temperature during thermotherapy, for instance, in cancer treatment—this is based on the temperature dependence of reflectivity in UWB radar signal in biological tissue);
• Microwave sensors (various types of sensors for monitoring vital signs, blood glucose levels and various types of antennas and applicators).

Each of these technologies represents a different approach to MWMI and is based on a slightly different physical principle. Each of these technologies has advantages and disadvantages, not only in comparison with each other, but also in comparison with CT and MRI. Therefore, these technologies can be described as promising for future use in therapy and medical diagnostics.

In this Special Issue of the Sensors magazine, we would like to offer publication space to all research groups that deal with any of the MWMI technologies, and even possible alternatives to those mentioned above.

Prof. Jan Vrba
Guest Editor

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