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Symmetry
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Symmetry in Special and General Relativity
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Symmetry in Special and General Relativity

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 November 2019) | Viewed by 19440

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jay Tasson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, USA
Interests: general relativity; high-energy physics; special relativity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Symmetry has played a critical role in the development of special and general relativity, and it plays an ongoing role in testing these theories. Lorentz symmetry in particular lies at the foundation of our current best theories of physics. Searches for evidence of broken Lorentz symmetry, along with the associated CPT symmetry and other spacetime symmetries, have become a popular approach to seeking new physics. One particularly exciting motivation is the hope of detecting new physics originating at the notoriously difficult to access Planck scale. The search for such symmetry violations is broad, spanning most areas of contemporary physics.

In this Special Issue of Symmetry, we explore ideas of symmetry in the foundations and teaching of relativity, as well as in modern efforts to test the symmetries of special and general relativity.

Dr. Jay Tasson
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Special relativity
  • General relativity
  • Spacetime symmetry
  • Lorentz symmetry
  • Lorentz violation
  • Tests of relativity
  • CPT
  • Standard-model extension
  • Finsler geometry

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

9 pages, 242 KiB  
Article
Modifications to Plane Gravitational Waves from Minimal Lorentz Violation
by Rui Xu
Symmetry 2019, 11(10), 1318; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym11101318 - 21 Oct 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2103
Abstract
General Relativity predicts two modes for plane gravitational waves. When a tiny violation of Lorentz invariance occurs, the two gravitational wave modes are modified. We use perturbation theory to study the detailed form of the modifications to the two gravitational wave modes from [...] Read more.
General Relativity predicts two modes for plane gravitational waves. When a tiny violation of Lorentz invariance occurs, the two gravitational wave modes are modified. We use perturbation theory to study the detailed form of the modifications to the two gravitational wave modes from the minimal Lorentz-violation coupling. The perturbation solution for the metric fluctuation up to the first order in Lorentz violation is discussed. Then, we investigate the motions of test particles under the influence of the plane gravitational waves with Lorentz violation. First-order deviations from the usual motions are found. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Special and General Relativity)
8 pages, 2041 KiB  
Article
Antimatter Quantum Interferometry
by Marco Giammarchi
Symmetry 2019, 11(10), 1247; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym11101247 - 05 Oct 2019
Viewed by 2049
Abstract
The wave–particle duality hypothesis for massive particles has been confirmed by an overwhelming variety of indirect experimental evidence. In addition, direct interferometric tests have been made on particles like electrons, neutrons and even a few molecules, explicitly showing wave-like diffraction and interference phenomena. [...] Read more.
The wave–particle duality hypothesis for massive particles has been confirmed by an overwhelming variety of indirect experimental evidence. In addition, direct interferometric tests have been made on particles like electrons, neutrons and even a few molecules, explicitly showing wave-like diffraction and interference phenomena. Of particular interest in this direction, single particle interference has also been demonstrated, but only for the electron case. No such kind of direct information was available for antiparticles or antimatter in general. After briefly discussing the subjects of antimatter research and interferometry, I present here the first evidence of single particle antimatter interference, made with positrons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Special and General Relativity)
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10 pages, 284 KiB  
Article
Lorentz and CPT Tests Using Penning Traps
by Yunhua Ding
Symmetry 2019, 11(10), 1220; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym11101220 - 01 Oct 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1996
Abstract
The theoretical prospects for quantum electrodynamics with Lorentz-violating operators of mass dimensions up to six are revisited in this work. The dominant effects due to Lorentz and CPT violation are studied in measurements of magnetic moments of particles confined in Penning traps. Using [...] Read more.
The theoretical prospects for quantum electrodynamics with Lorentz-violating operators of mass dimensions up to six are revisited in this work. The dominant effects due to Lorentz and CPT violation are studied in measurements of magnetic moments of particles confined in Penning traps. Using recently reported experimental results, new coefficients for Lorentz violation are constrained and existing bounds of various coefficients are improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Special and General Relativity)
16 pages, 324 KiB  
Article
Formal Developments for Lorentz-Violating Dirac Fermions and Neutrinos
by João Alfíeres Andrade de Simões dos Reis and Marco Schreck
Symmetry 2019, 11(10), 1197; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym11101197 - 24 Sep 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1660
Abstract
The current paper is a technical work that is focused on Lorentz violation for Dirac fermions as well as neutrinos, described within the nonminimal Standard-Model Extension. We intend to derive two theoretical results. The first is the full propagator of the single-fermion Dirac [...] Read more.
The current paper is a technical work that is focused on Lorentz violation for Dirac fermions as well as neutrinos, described within the nonminimal Standard-Model Extension. We intend to derive two theoretical results. The first is the full propagator of the single-fermion Dirac theory modified by Lorentz violation. The second is the dispersion equation for a theory of N neutrino flavors that enables the description of both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. As the matrix structure of the neutrino field operator is very involved for generic N, we will use sophisticated methods of linear algebra to achieve our objectives. Our main finding is that the neutrino dispersion equation has the same structure in terms of Lorentz-violating operators as that of a modified single-fermion Dirac theory. The results will be valuable for phenomenological studies of Lorentz-violating Dirac fermions and neutrinos. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Special and General Relativity)
11 pages, 659 KiB  
Article
Lorentz-Violating Matter-Gravity Couplings in Small-Eccentricity Binary Pulsars
by Lijing Shao
Symmetry 2019, 11(9), 1098; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym11091098 - 02 Sep 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
Lorentz symmetry is an important concept in modern physics. Precision pulsar timing was used to put tight constraints on the coefficients for Lorentz violation in the pure-gravity sector of the Standard-Model Extension (SME). We extend the analysis to Lorentz-violating matter-gravity couplings, utilizing three [...] Read more.
Lorentz symmetry is an important concept in modern physics. Precision pulsar timing was used to put tight constraints on the coefficients for Lorentz violation in the pure-gravity sector of the Standard-Model Extension (SME). We extend the analysis to Lorentz-violating matter-gravity couplings, utilizing three small-eccentricity relativistic neutron star (NS)—white dwarf (WD) binaries. We obtain compelling limits on various SME coefficients related to the neutron, the proton, and the electron. These results are complementary to limits obtained from lunar laser ranging and clock experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Special and General Relativity)
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11 pages, 272 KiB  
Article
Spacetime Symmetries and Classical Mechanics
by T. H. Bertschinger, Natasha A. Flowers, Serena Moseley, Charlotte R. Pfeifer, Jay D. Tasson and Shun Yang
Symmetry 2019, 11(1), 22; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym11010022 - 28 Dec 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5044
Abstract
Physics students are rarely exposed to the style of thinking that goes into theoretical developments in physics until late in their education. In this work, we present an alternative to the traditional statement of Newton’s second law that makes theory questions accessible to [...] Read more.
Physics students are rarely exposed to the style of thinking that goes into theoretical developments in physics until late in their education. In this work, we present an alternative to the traditional statement of Newton’s second law that makes theory questions accessible to students early in their undergraduate studies. Rather than a contrived example, the model considered here arises from a popular framework for testing Lorentz symmetry used extensively in contemporary experiments. Hence, this work also provides an accessible introduction to some key ideas in ongoing tests of fundamental symmetries in physics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Special and General Relativity)
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Review

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16 pages, 358 KiB  
Review
Overview of the Phenomenology of Lorentz and CPT Violation in Atomic Systems
by Arnaldo J. Vargas
Symmetry 2019, 11(12), 1433; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym11121433 - 21 Nov 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1984
Abstract
This is an overview of recent publications on the prospects of searching for nonminimal Lorentz-violating effects in atomic spectroscopy experiments. The article discusses the differences in the signals for Lorentz violation in the presence of minimal and nonminimal operators and what systems are [...] Read more.
This is an overview of recent publications on the prospects of searching for nonminimal Lorentz-violating effects in atomic spectroscopy experiments. The article discusses the differences in the signals for Lorentz violation in the presence of minimal and nonminimal operators and what systems are more sensitive to certain types of Lorentz-violating operators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Special and General Relativity)

Other

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7 pages, 215 KiB  
Brief Report
Symmetric Criticality and Magnetic Monopoles in General Relativity
by Joel Franklin
Symmetry 2019, 11(7), 845; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sym11070845 - 01 Jul 2019
Viewed by 1882
Abstract
The Weyl method for finding solutions in general relativity using symmetry by varying an action with respect to a reduced set of field variables is known to fail in some cases. We add to the list of failures by considering an application of [...] Read more.
The Weyl method for finding solutions in general relativity using symmetry by varying an action with respect to a reduced set of field variables is known to fail in some cases. We add to the list of failures by considering an application of the Weyl method to a magnetically charged spherically symmetric source, obtaining an incorrect geometry. This is surprising, because the same method, applied to electrically charged central bodies correctly produces the Reissner-Nordström spacetime. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Special and General Relativity)
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