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Vaccines
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African Swine Fever Immunity and Vaccines
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African Swine Fever Immunity and Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 12907

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Christopher Netherton

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
african Swine Fever Vaccinology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
Interests: African swine fever; vaccines; host-pathogen interactions; virus assembly and replication; protective immunity; antigen discovery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since its introduction into Georgia in 2007, African swine fever virus has spread across both Europe and Asia and has been responsible for the deaths of hundreds of millions of animals. Virulent strains of the virus cause a hemorrhagic fever to occur in domestic pigs and wild boar that is invariably fatal. Current control measures based on the rapid diagnosis, quarantine, and slaughter of affected animals have not been sufficient to prevent the disease from becoming established in different epidemiological situations across the globe. The main tools missing from the African swine fever control kit are vaccines suitable for preventing disease in both domestic and wild animals. Without such vaccines, it is difficult to envisage how the current epidemic can be brought under control and the disease, eradicated. Novel approaches are required, as, to date, inactivated viruses and attenuation through tissue culture passage have not yielded safe and effective vaccines. The causative agent is a complex pathogen with a complex immunopathology that is not well characterized. The mechanisms of protective immunity and protective antigens also remain to be fully described.

Dr. Christopher Netherton
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • African swine fever vaccines
  • African swine fever prophylaxis
  • vaccine delivery to swine
  • vaccine deployment strategies
  • African swine fever virus protective immunity
  • African swine fever antigen discovery and characterization

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1640 KiB  
Article
M448R and MGF505-7R: Two African Swine Fever Virus Antigens Commonly Recognized by ASFV-Specific T-Cells and with Protective Potential
by Laia Bosch-Camós, Elisabet López, Javier Collado, María J. Navas, Miguel Blanco-Fuertes, Sonia Pina-Pedrero, Francesc Accensi, Maria Luisa Salas, Egbert Mundt, Veljko Nikolin and Fernando Rodríguez
Vaccines 2021, 9(5), 508; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines9050508 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3705
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is today′s number one threat for the global swine industry. Neither commercial vaccine nor treatment is available against ASF and, thus far, only live attenuated viruses (LAV) have provided robust protection against lethal ASF virus (ASFV) challenge infections. Identification [...] Read more.
African swine fever (ASF) is today′s number one threat for the global swine industry. Neither commercial vaccine nor treatment is available against ASF and, thus far, only live attenuated viruses (LAV) have provided robust protection against lethal ASF virus (ASFV) challenge infections. Identification of ASFV proteins inducing protective immune responses is one of the major challenges to develop safer and efficient subunit vaccines. Immunopeptidomic studies recently performed in our laboratory allowed identifying ASFV antigens recognized by ASFV-specific CD8+ T-cells. Here, we used data from the SLAI-peptide repertoire presented by a single set of ASFV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages to generate a complex DNA vaccine composed by 15 plasmids encoding the individual peptide-bearing ORFs. DNA vaccine priming improved the protection afforded by a suboptimal dose of the BA71ΔCD2 LAV given as booster vaccination, against Georgia2007/1 lethal challenge. Interestingly, M448R was the only protein promiscuously recognized by the induced ASFV-specific T-cells. Furthermore, priming pigs with DNA plasmids encoding M488R and MGF505-7R, a CD8+ T-cell antigen previously described, confirmed these two proteins as T-cell antigens with protective potential. These studies might be useful to pave the road for designing safe and more efficient vaccine formulations in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue African Swine Fever Immunity and Vaccines)
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Review

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25 pages, 1469 KiB  
Review
Cell Lines for the Development of African Swine Fever Virus Vaccine Candidates: An Update
by Dionigia Meloni, Giulia Franzoni and Annalisa Oggiano
Vaccines 2022, 10(5), 707; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10050707 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3595
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a highly lethal disease in both domestic and wild pigs. The virus has rapidly spread worldwide and has no available licensed vaccine. An obstacle to the construction of a safe and efficient vaccine [...] Read more.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a highly lethal disease in both domestic and wild pigs. The virus has rapidly spread worldwide and has no available licensed vaccine. An obstacle to the construction of a safe and efficient vaccine is the lack of a suitable cell line for ASFV isolation and propagation. Macrophages are the main targets for ASFV, and they have been widely used to study virus–host interactions; nevertheless, obtaining these cells is time-consuming and expensive, and they are not ethically suitable for the production of large-scale vaccines. To overcome these issues, different virulent field isolates have been adapted on monkey or human continuous cells lines; however, several culture passages often lead to significant genetic modifications and the loss of immunogenicity of the adapted strain. Thus, several groups have attempted to establish a porcine cell line able to sustain ASFV growth. Preliminary data suggested that some porcine continuous cell lines might be an alternative to primary macrophages for ASFV research and for large-scale vaccine production, although further studies are still needed. In this review, we summarize the research to investigate the most suitable cell line for ASFV isolation and propagation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue African Swine Fever Immunity and Vaccines)
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15 pages, 5673 KiB  
Review
Immune Escape Mechanism and Vaccine Research Progress of African Swine Fever Virus
by Zhaoyang Wang, Qiangyun Ai, Shenglin Huang, Yating Ou, Yinze Gao, Tiezhu Tong and Huiying Fan
Vaccines 2022, 10(3), 344; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10030344 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4813
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the epidemic of African swine fever (ASF), with virulent strains having a mortality rate of up to 100% and presenting devastating impacts on animal farming. Since ASF was first reported in China in [...] Read more.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the epidemic of African swine fever (ASF), with virulent strains having a mortality rate of up to 100% and presenting devastating impacts on animal farming. Since ASF was first reported in China in 2018, ASFV still exists and poses a potential threat to the current pig industry. Low-virulence and genotype I strains of ASFV have been reported in China, and the prevention and control of ASF is more complicated. Insufficient understanding of the interaction of ASFV with the host immune system hinders vaccine development. Physical barriers, nonspecific immune response and acquired immunity are the three barriers of the host against infection. To escape the innate immune response, ASFV invades monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells, thereby inhibiting IFN expression, regulating cytokine expression and the body’s inflammatory response process. Meanwhile, in order to evade the adaptive immune response, ASFV inhibits antigen presentation, induces the production of non-neutralizing antibodies, and inhibits apoptosis. Recently, significant advances have been achieved in vaccine development around the world. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) based on artificially deleting specific virulence genes can achieve 100% homologous protection and partial heterologous protection. The key of subunit vaccines is identifying the combination of antigens that can effectively provide protection and selecting carriers that can effectively deliver the antigens. In this review, we introduce the epidemic trend of ASF and the impact on the pig industry, analyze the interaction mechanism between ASFV and the body’s immune system, and compare the current status of potential vaccines in order to provide a reference for the development of effective ASF vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue African Swine Fever Immunity and Vaccines)
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