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Vaccines
Special Issues
Animal Herpesviruses
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Animal Herpesviruses

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 6845

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stefano Petrini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
Interests: herpesviruses; pestiviruses; African swine fever virus; circovirus; swine influenza virus; porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus; cell biology; DNA immunization; chimeric vaccines; experimental infection in vivo and in vitro under BSL3 facilities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Clinton Jones

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
Interests: alpha-herpesviruses (BoHV-1 and HSV-1); latency; virus-host interactions; viral gene expression
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Animal herpesviruses are responsible for significant economic losses throughout the world. The Herpesviridae family includes herpesviruses that infect vertebrates and invertebrates, and, in veterinary medicine, the herpesviruses of cattle, buffalo, horses, pigs, goats and sheep are important. One of the characteristics of this viral family is they establish a life-long after primary infection. Subsequently, the virus persists in neurons within the peripheral and/or the central nervous system.  Periodically, herpesviruses reactivate from latency culminating in virus transmission and in some cases disease or abortion. Stimuli that are known triggers of reactivation are: immune-suppression, stress, dramatic changes in temperature, change of feed, pregnancy, and/or overfeeding. Preventing clinical conditions of viral infection is dependent on vaccination. In addition to traditional products, certain so-called marker vaccines are available in Europe. Marker vaccines offer the possibility to differentiate between naturally infected versus vaccinated animals. Another essential aspect of these viruses is the potential to evoke zoonotic spread. For example, several cases of suid alphaherpesvirus type 1 from swine to humans have recently been reported in China.

For this Special Issue, we encourage all researchers to submit manuscripts on herpesvirus pathogenesis, immune responses, diagnostic tools, meta-analysis, or epidemiological studies. Manuscripts focused on herpesviruses vaccinology studies are also welcome.

Dr. Stefano Petrini
Prof. Dr. Clinton Jones
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • herpesvirus pathogenesis
  • immune responses
  • diagnostic tools
  • herpesviruses vaccinology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4188 KiB  
Article
Generation and Characterization of ORF55/ORF57-Deleted Recombinant Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 Mutants with Chimeric Capsid Protein Gene of Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus
by Zizhao Feng, Wenjie Cheng, Mingyang Ma, Chenwei Yu, Ye Zhang, Liqun Lu, Hao Wang, Lang Gui, Dan Xu and Chuanfu Dong
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 43; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines12010043 - 30 Dec 2023
Viewed by 982
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a pathogen that causes significant losses to the global aquaculture industry due to mass mortality in crucian carp and goldfish. This study demonstrates that the ORF55/ORF57 deletion mutants CyHV-2-Δ55-CP and CyHV-2-Δ57-CP obtained through homologous recombination replicate effectively within [...] Read more.
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a pathogen that causes significant losses to the global aquaculture industry due to mass mortality in crucian carp and goldfish. This study demonstrates that the ORF55/ORF57 deletion mutants CyHV-2-Δ55-CP and CyHV-2-Δ57-CP obtained through homologous recombination replicate effectively within the caudal fin of Carassius auratus gibelio (GiCF) cells and exhibit morphologies similar to the CyHV-2 wild-type strain. Both mutants demonstrated a decrease in virulence, with CyHV-2-Δ57-CP exhibiting a more significant reduction. This serves as a reference for the subsequent development of recombinant attenuated vaccines against CyHV-2. Additionally, both mutants expressed the inserted RGNNV-CP (capsid protein of Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus) fusion protein gene, and inoculation with CyHV-2-Δ57-CP-infected GiCF cell lysates elicited an antibody response in the grouper. These results indicate that, while ORF55 and ORF57 genes of CyHV-2 are not required for viral replication in vitro, they do play a role in virulence in vivo. Additionally, expression of foreign protein in CyHV-2 suggests that the fully attenuated mutant of CyHV-2 could potentially function as a viral vector for developing subunit vaccines or multivalent recombinant attenuated vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Herpesviruses)
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11 pages, 909 KiB  
Article
Humoral Immune Response of Mice against a Vaccine Candidate Composed of a Chimera of gB of Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5
by Juan Sebastian Quintero Barbosa, Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz, Sandra E. Pérez and María Fernanda Gutierrez
Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines11071173 - 29 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1039
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine meningoencephalitis are caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus (BoHV) types 1 and 5, which seriously threaten the global cattle industry. Vaccination to improve immunity is the most direct and effective means to prevent these conditions. Glycoprotein B (gB) is [...] Read more.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine meningoencephalitis are caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus (BoHV) types 1 and 5, which seriously threaten the global cattle industry. Vaccination to improve immunity is the most direct and effective means to prevent these conditions. Glycoprotein B (gB) is essential for the attachment of both viruses to permissive cells, and is a major target of the host immune system, inducing a strong humoral response. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a murine model, the immune response of a candidate vaccine formulation composed of a chimeric BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 gB (DgB), expressed in Komagataella phaffii. The chimeric DgB vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide 50 ISA V2 or aluminum hydroxide was administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. A control group and a group that received a commercial vaccine were inoculated subcutaneously. Higher titers of neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1, BoHV-5, and a natural BoHV-1/5 recombinant strain were obtained with the oil-based candidate vaccine formulation administered intramuscularly. The results demonstrated that the chimeric DgB conserved important epitopes that were able to stimulate a humoral immune response capable of neutralizing BoHV-1, BoHV-5, and the recombinant strain, suggesting that the vaccine antigen is a promising candidate to be further evaluated in cattle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Herpesviruses)
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12 pages, 275 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Different Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Marker Vaccines in Calves
by Stefano Petrini, Alessandra Martucciello, Cecilia Righi, Giovanna Cappelli, Claudia Torresi, Carlo Grassi, Eleonora Scoccia, Giulia Costantino, Cristina Casciari, Roberto Sabato, Monica Giammarioli, Esterina De Carlo and Francesco Feliziani
Vaccines 2022, 10(8), 1204; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10081204 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1951
Abstract
Three commercially available infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) live marker vaccines were evaluated for their ability to provide clinical protection to vaccinated calves against wild-type (wt) Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) challenge and their possible effect on wt BoHV-1 latency reactivation following the challenge. On 35 [...] Read more.
Three commercially available infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) live marker vaccines were evaluated for their ability to provide clinical protection to vaccinated calves against wild-type (wt) Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) challenge and their possible effect on wt BoHV-1 latency reactivation following the challenge. On 35 post-vaccination days (PVDs), all animals were challenged with wt BoHV-1. Only the calves in the control group developed severe forms of IBR. The reactivation of latent BoHV-1 was induced by dexamethasone (DMS) treatment on 28 post-challenge days (PCDs). All animals showed IBR clinical signs on three post-DMS treatment days (PDTDs). On PVD 14, all vaccinated animals developed neutralizing antibodies (NAs), whereas in control animals, the NAs appeared post-challenge. The positivity for glycoprotein-B (gB) was detected using real-time polymerase chain reactions in all animals from PCDs 1 to 7. In contrast, the gB-positivity was observed in the immunized calves from PDTDs 3 to 10. Positive expression of gD and gE was observed in nasal swabs of all calves on PDTD 7. These findings suggested that the IBR marker vaccines evaluated in this study protected against wt BoHV-1-induced disease but not against wt BoHV-1-induced latency reactivation, indicating the necessity of developing new products to protect animals from wt BoHV-1-induced latency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Herpesviruses)

Review

Jump to: Research

25 pages, 441 KiB  
Review
The Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Infection and Vaccination
by Cecilia Righi, Giulia Franzoni, Francesco Feliziani, Clinton Jones and Stefano Petrini
Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 785; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines11040785 - 02 Apr 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2182
Abstract
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Infection often leads to a compromised host immune response that contributes to the development of the polymicrobial disease known as “bovine respiratory disease”. After an initial transient phase of [...] Read more.
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Infection often leads to a compromised host immune response that contributes to the development of the polymicrobial disease known as “bovine respiratory disease”. After an initial transient phase of immunosuppression, cattle recover from the disease. This is due to the development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. With respect to adaptive immunity, both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are required to control infection. Thus, several BoHV-1 vaccines are designed to trigger both branches of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cell-mediated immune responses directed against BoHV-1 infection and vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Herpesviruses)
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