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Viruses
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Bacteriophage Applications in Animals
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Bacteriophage Applications in Animals

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 3390

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jin Woo Jun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Aquaculture, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
Interests: bacteriophage; phage therapy; infectious diseases; general microbiology; molecular microbiology; genome sequencing; antibiotic resistance; zoonosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our effort to find alternatives to antimicrobial agents had already begun due to the increasing risk of antibiotic resistance and a delay in developing novel antibiotics. Bacteriophages are proposed as a potential alternative to antibiotics because there has been no scientific evidence that they could pose a safety problem. Indeed, research on bacteriophage applications in animals has accelerated because antibiotics have been overused in animal feed, increasing concerns about antibiotic resistance. In this Special Issue, we provide original and review articles describing the potential of bacteriophages as therapeutic or/and prophylactic agents against bacterial infections responsible for infectious diseases in a variety of animals such as poultry, bovine, swine, companion animals, fish, shellfish, etc. Articles showing the efficacy of bacteriophage therapy or/and prophylaxis by conducting in vivo animal experiments according to the ethics guidelines are especially welcome. In addition, we invite articles that suggest bacteriophage applications for zoonoses.

Prof. Dr. Jin Woo Jun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bacteriophage therapy
  • prophylaxis
  • application in animals
  • infectious diseases
  • in vivo animal experiment
  • zoonoses

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3099 KiB  
Article
Effective Isolation and Characterization of Mycobacteriophages with the Ability to Lyse Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
by Victoria K. Harman-McKenna and Jeroen De Buck
Viruses 2024, 16(1), 20; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v16010020 - 22 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1634
Abstract
Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic infectious enteritis of ruminants, causes major economic losses in the dairy industry globally. This enteritis is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP). Currently there is no cure for JD and test-based culling has proved ineffective at preventing [...] Read more.
Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic infectious enteritis of ruminants, causes major economic losses in the dairy industry globally. This enteritis is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP). Currently there is no cure for JD and test-based culling has proved ineffective at preventing the spread. To isolate new mycobacteriophages (mbps) that can potentially be used to control JD transmission and infection on dairy farms, we optimized an isolation protocol by fecal spiking and the testing of different isolation solution compositions. Using this protocol, we successfully enhanced the yield of mbps from spiked fecal samples, elevating it from less than 1% to 59%. With this method, we isolated 14 mbps from 475 environmental samples collected from MAP-positive dairy farms, after in-sample enrichment with MAP and the fast-growing M. smegmatis. The sample sources included soil, manure pits, lactation barns, feces, milk, and drain water. After fingerprinting these mbps by restriction enzyme profiling, we concluded that 12 were distinct and novel. Further characterization of their host range revealed that eight were capable of lysing multiple MAP strains. We also studied the cross-resistance, lysogeny, the effect of pH and their antimycobacterial properties in milk replacer. Each novel mbp showed limited cross-resistance and prophage immunity and showed no reduction in the titer in a range of pHs after 4 h. The novel phages were also able to reduce the mycobacterial counts to zero after 8 h in milk replacer. In conclusion, these novel mbps could be considered to be used in the control strategies of JD on farms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteriophage Applications in Animals)
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22 pages, 17782 KiB  
Article
The Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages Infecting Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli O1, O2 and O78 Strains
by Kat R. Smith, Emmanuel W. Bumunang, Jared Schlechte, Matthew Waldner, Hany Anany, Matthew Walker, Kellie MacLean, Kim Stanford, John M. Fairbrother, Trevor W. Alexander, Tim A. McAllister, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem and Yan D. Niu
Viruses 2023, 15(10), 2095; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v15102095 - 16 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1317
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), such as O1, O2 and O78, are important serogroups relating to chicken health, being responsible for colibacillosis. In this study, we isolated and characterized bacteriophages (phages) from hen feces and human sewage in Alberta with the potential for controlling [...] Read more.
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), such as O1, O2 and O78, are important serogroups relating to chicken health, being responsible for colibacillosis. In this study, we isolated and characterized bacteriophages (phages) from hen feces and human sewage in Alberta with the potential for controlling colibacillosis in laying hens. The lytic profile, host range, pH tolerance and morphology of seven APEC-infecting phages (ASO1A, ASO1B, ASO2A, ASO78A, ASO2B, AVIO78A and ASO78B) were assessed using a microplate phage virulence assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The potential safety of phages at the genome level was predicted using AMRFinderPlus and the Virulence Factor Database. Finally, phage genera and genetic relatedness with other known phages from the NCBI GenBank database were inferred using the virus intergenomic distance calculator and single gene-based phylogenetic trees. The seven APEC-infecting phages preferentially lysed APEC strains in this study, with ECL21443 (O2) being the most susceptible to phages (n = 5). ASO78A had the broadest host range, lysing all tested strains (n = 5) except ECL20885 (O1). Phages were viable at a pH of 2.5 or 3.5–9.0 after 4 h of incubation. Based on TEM, phages were classed as myovirus, siphovirus and podovirus. No genes associated with virulence, antimicrobial resistance or lysogeny were detected in phage genomes. Comparative genomic analysis placed six of the seven phages in five genera: Felixounavirus (ASO1A and ASO1B), Phapecoctavirus (ASO2A), Tequatrovirus (ASO78A), Kayfunavirus (ASO2B) and Sashavirus (AVIO78A). Based on the nucleotide intergenomic similarity (<70%), phage ASO78B was not assigned a genus in the siphovirus and could represent a new genus in class Caudoviricetes. The tail fiber protein phylogeny revealed variations within APEC-infecting phages and closely related phages. Diverse APEC-infecting phages harbored in the environment demonstrate the potential to control colibacillosis in poultry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteriophage Applications in Animals)
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