Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
7.1
4.7
Journals
Viruses
Special Issues
Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of...
share announcement

Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 December 2021) | Viewed by 36328

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Charles J. Russell

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
2. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 858 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
Interests: negative-strand RNA viruses; influenza virus antivirals; respiratory virus vaccines; virus entry; viral envelope glycoprotein structure and function; emerging respiratory viruses; animal models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elena A. Govorkova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
Interests: negative-strand RNA viruses; influenza virus antivirals; respiratory virus vaccines; virus entry; viral envelope glycoprotein structure and function; emerging respiratory viruses; animal models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Seasonal and newly emerging respiratory viruses pose major challenges to public health. Seasonal viruses associated with illness and hospitalization include influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and adenoviruses. Emerging viruses pose unique health and economic challenges. These include avian and swine influenza A viruses and the novel coronaviruses SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Over the past decade, substantial efforts have been directed toward developing novel vaccines and drugs that target the surface glycoproteins of these viruses. The glycoproteins enable virus entry through receptor binding and membrane fusion, promote virus egress in the assembly and release of progeny virions, and constitute the predominant antigens toward which the humoral immune responses are directed. Small-molecule drugs and monoclonal antibodies that bind viral surface glycoproteins have been developed to disrupt the virus replication cycle. Vaccines are being developed that include full-length and engineered forms of the surface antigens.

This Special Issue of Viruses aims to describe the recent strategies to control seasonal and emerging respiratory viruses with novel drugs and vaccines that target viral surface glycoproteins.

Dr. Charles Russell
Dr. Elena Govorkova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • respiratory virus
  • seasonal virus
  • pandemic virus
  • glycoprotein
  • vaccine
  • antiviral drug
  • antibody
  • structure
  • virus entry
  • virus egress

Published Papers (9 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 189 KiB  
Editorial
Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Influenza Viruses, RSV, Parainfluenza Viruses, and SARS-CoV-2
by Charles J. Russell and Elena A. Govorkova
Viruses 2022, 14(6), 1160; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v14061160 - 27 May 2022
Viewed by 1658
Abstract
 Newly emerging and seasonal respiratory viruses have a great impact on public health[...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

8 pages, 226 KiB  
Article
A Reduced Dose Whole Virion Aluminum Adjuvanted Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Is Immunogenic, Safe, and Well Tolerated in Pediatric Patients
by Zoltan Vajo, Gergely Balaton, Peter Vajo and Peter Torzsa
Viruses 2021, 13(3), 500; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13030500 - 18 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1751
Abstract
Background: Data suggest that pediatric patients might react differently to influenza vaccination, both in terms of immunity and side effects. We have recently shown that using a whole virion vaccine with aluminum phosphate adjuvants, reduced dose vaccines containing 6 µg of viral hemagglutinin [...] Read more.
Background: Data suggest that pediatric patients might react differently to influenza vaccination, both in terms of immunity and side effects. We have recently shown that using a whole virion vaccine with aluminum phosphate adjuvants, reduced dose vaccines containing 6 µg of viral hemagglutinin (HA) per strain are immunogenic, and well tolerated in adult and elderly patients. Here we show the results of a multicenter clinical trial of pediatric patients, using reduced doses of a new, whole virion, aluminum phosphate adjuvanted vaccine (FluArt, Budapest, Hungary). Methods: A total of 120 healthy volunteers were included in two age groups (3–11 years, receiving 3 µg of HA per strain, and 12–18 years, receiving 6 µg of HA per strain). We used hemagglutination inhibition testing to assess immunogenicity, based on EMA and FDA licensing criteria, including post/pre-vaccination geometric mean titer ratios, seroconversion and seropositivity rates. Safety and tolerability were assessed using CHMP guidelines. Results: All subjects entered the study and were vaccinated (ITT population). All 120 subjects attended the control visit on Day 21 (PP population). All immunogenicity licensing criteria were met in both age groups for all three vaccine virus strains. No serious adverse events were detected and the vaccine was well tolerated by both age groups. Discussion: Using a whole virion vaccine and aluminum phosphate adjuvants, a reduction in the amount of the viral hemmaglutinin is possible while maintaining immunogenicity, safety and tolerability in pediatric and adolescent patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses)

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

18 pages, 2680 KiB  
Review
Targeting Viral Surface Proteins through Structure-Based Design
by Yogesh B Narkhede, Karen J Gonzalez and Eva-Maria Strauch
Viruses 2021, 13(7), 1320; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13071320 - 08 Jul 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4005
Abstract
The emergence of novel viral infections of zoonotic origin and mutations of existing human pathogenic viruses represent a serious concern for public health. It warrants the establishment of better interventions and protective therapies to combat the virus and prevent its spread. Surface glycoproteins [...] Read more.
The emergence of novel viral infections of zoonotic origin and mutations of existing human pathogenic viruses represent a serious concern for public health. It warrants the establishment of better interventions and protective therapies to combat the virus and prevent its spread. Surface glycoproteins catalyzing the fusion of viral particles and host cells have proven to be an excellent target for antivirals as well as vaccines. This review focuses on recent advances for computational structure-based design of antivirals and vaccines targeting viral fusion machinery to control seasonal and emerging respiratory viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1253 KiB  
Review
The Nature of Immune Responses to Influenza Vaccination in High-Risk Populations
by Kristin B. Wiggins, Maria A. Smith and Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Viruses 2021, 13(6), 1109; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13061109 - 09 Jun 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4079
Abstract
The current pandemic has brought a renewed appreciation for the critical importance of vaccines for the promotion of both individual and public health. Influenza vaccines have been our primary tool for infection control to prevent seasonal epidemics and pandemics such as the 2009 [...] Read more.
The current pandemic has brought a renewed appreciation for the critical importance of vaccines for the promotion of both individual and public health. Influenza vaccines have been our primary tool for infection control to prevent seasonal epidemics and pandemics such as the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus pandemic. Certain high-risk populations, including the elderly, people with obesity, and individuals with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, are more susceptible to increased disease severity and decreased vaccine efficacy. High-risk populations have unique microenvironments and immune responses that contribute to increased vulnerability for influenza infections. This review focuses on these differences as we investigate the variations in immune responses to influenza vaccination. In order to develop better influenza vaccines, it is critical to understand how to improve responses in our ever-growing high-risk populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 2885 KiB  
Review
Sendai Virus-Vectored Vaccines That Express Envelope Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses
by Charles J. Russell and Julia L. Hurwitz
Viruses 2021, 13(6), 1023; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13061023 - 29 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4535
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are leading causes of respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and individuals of all ages with immunosuppression. Vaccination strategies against these pneumoviruses and paramyxoviruses are vast in number, yet [...] Read more.
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are leading causes of respiratory disease in young children, the elderly, and individuals of all ages with immunosuppression. Vaccination strategies against these pneumoviruses and paramyxoviruses are vast in number, yet no licensed vaccines are available. Here, we review development of Sendai virus (SeV), a versatile pediatric vaccine that can (a) serve as a Jennerian vaccine against HPIV1, (b) serve as a recombinant vaccine against HRSV, HPIV2, HPIV3, and HMPV, (c) accommodate foreign genes for viral glycoproteins in multiple intergenic positions, (d) induce durable, mucosal, B-cell, and T-cell immune responses without enhanced immunopathology, (e) protect cotton rats, African green monkeys, and chimpanzees from infection, and (f) be formulated into a vaccine cocktail. Clinical phase I safety trials of SeV have been completed in adults and 3–6-year-old children. Clinical testing of SeVRSV, an HRSV fusion (F) glycoprotein gene recombinant, has also been completed in adults. Positive results from these studies, and collaborative efforts with the National Institutes of Health and the Serum Institute of India assist advanced development of SeV-based vaccines. Prospects are now good for vaccine successes in infants and consequent protection against serious viral disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1003 KiB  
Review
Neutralizing Antibody Therapeutics for COVID-19
by Aeron C. Hurt and Adam K. Wheatley
Viruses 2021, 13(4), 628; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13040628 - 07 Apr 2021
Cited by 84 | Viewed by 9437
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant global public health burden, leading to an urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. In this article, we review the role of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in the clinical management of [...] Read more.
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant global public health burden, leading to an urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies. In this article, we review the role of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in the clinical management of COVID-19 and provide an overview of recent randomized controlled trial data evaluating nAbs in the ambulatory, hospitalized and prophylaxis settings. Two nAb cocktails (casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab/etesevimab) and one nAb monotherapy (bamlanivimab) have been granted Emergency Use Authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ambulatory patients who have a high risk of progressing to severe disease, and the European Medicines Agency has similarly recommended both cocktails and bamlanivimab monotherapy for use in COVID-19 patients who do not require supplemental oxygen and who are at high risk of progressing to severe COVID-19. Efficacy of nAbs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 has been varied, potentially highlighting the challenges of antiviral treatment in patients who have already progressed to severe disease. However, early data suggest a promising prophylactic role for nAbs in providing effective COVID-19 protection. We also review the risk of treatment-emergent antiviral resistant “escape” mutants and strategies to minimize their occurrence, discuss the susceptibility of newly emerging SARS-COV-2 variants to nAbs, as well as explore administration challenges and ways to improve patient access. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 237 KiB  
Review
Intervention Strategies for Seasonal and Emerging Respiratory Viruses with Drugs and Vaccines Targeting Viral Surface Glycoproteins
by Ralph A. Tripp and John Stambas
Viruses 2021, 13(4), 625; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13040625 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2097
Abstract
Vaccines and therapeutics targeting viral surface glycoproteins are a major component of disease prevention for respiratory viral diseases. Over the years, vaccines have proven to be the most successful intervention for preventing disease. Technological advances in vaccine platforms that focus on viral surface [...] Read more.
Vaccines and therapeutics targeting viral surface glycoproteins are a major component of disease prevention for respiratory viral diseases. Over the years, vaccines have proven to be the most successful intervention for preventing disease. Technological advances in vaccine platforms that focus on viral surface glycoproteins have provided solutions for current and emerging pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, and our understanding of the structural basis for antibody neutralization is guiding the selection of other vaccine targets for respiratory viruses like RSV. This review discusses the role of viral surface glycoproteins in disease intervention approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses)
16 pages, 1042 KiB  
Review
Antivirals Targeting the Surface Glycoproteins of Influenza Virus: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance
by Yaqin Bai, Jeremy C. Jones, Sook-San Wong and Mark Zanin
Viruses 2021, 13(4), 624; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13040624 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4072
Abstract
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which constitute the glycoprotein spikes expressed on the surface of influenza A and B viruses, are the most exposed parts of the virus and play critical roles in the viral lifecycle. As such, they make prominent targets for the immune [...] Read more.
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which constitute the glycoprotein spikes expressed on the surface of influenza A and B viruses, are the most exposed parts of the virus and play critical roles in the viral lifecycle. As such, they make prominent targets for the immune response and antiviral drugs. Neuraminidase inhibitors, particularly oseltamivir, constitute the most commonly used antivirals against influenza viruses, and they have proved their clinical utility against seasonal and emerging influenza viruses. However, the emergence of resistant strains remains a constant threat and consideration. Antivirals targeting the hemagglutinin protein are relatively new and have yet to gain global use but are proving to be effective additions to the antiviral repertoire, with a relatively high threshold for the emergence of resistance. Here we review antiviral drugs, both approved for clinical use and under investigation, that target the influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins, focusing on their mechanisms of action and the emergence of resistance to them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 822 KiB  
Review
Next-Generation Influenza HA Immunogens and Adjuvants in Pursuit of a Broadly Protective Vaccine
by Kaito A. Nagashima and Jarrod J. Mousa
Viruses 2021, 13(4), 546; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13040546 - 24 Mar 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3558
Abstract
Influenza virus, a highly mutable respiratory pathogen, causes significant disease nearly every year. Current vaccines are designed to protect against circulating influenza strains of a given season. However, mismatches between vaccine strains and circulating strains, as well as inferior vaccine effectiveness in immunodeficient [...] Read more.
Influenza virus, a highly mutable respiratory pathogen, causes significant disease nearly every year. Current vaccines are designed to protect against circulating influenza strains of a given season. However, mismatches between vaccine strains and circulating strains, as well as inferior vaccine effectiveness in immunodeficient populations, represent major obstacles. In an effort to expand the breadth of protection elicited by influenza vaccination, one of the major surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA), has been modified to develop immunogens that display conserved regions from multiple viruses or elicit a highly polyclonal antibody response to broaden protection. These approaches, which target either the head or the stalk domain of HA, or both domains, have shown promise in recent preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, the role of adjuvants in bolstering the robustness of the humoral response has been studied, and their effects on the vaccine-elicited antibody repertoire are currently being investigated. This review will discuss the progress made in the universal influenza vaccine field with respect to influenza A viruses from the perspectives of both antigen and adjuvant, with a focus on the elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Vaccines and Drugs That Target the Surface Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-9
Back to TopTop