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Viruses
Special Issues
Endemic Arboviruses
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Endemic Arboviruses

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 15388

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Didier Musso

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Guest Editor
Laboratoire Eurofins Labazur Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana;Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée infections, Marseille, France
Interests: emerging infectious diseases; emerging viruses; arboviruses; dengue; Zika; chikungunya

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections have emerged as a major global health problem in the past few decades. Recent history suggests that arboviral Black Swan events will continue to occur as urban growth and globalization expands. The emergence of West Nile virus in the Americas (1999–2004), chikungunya virus (2004–2014), and Zika virus (2007–2017), and the re-emergence of yellow fever virus in the Americas in 2016, had dramatic public health and economic impacts. Other arboviruses have the potential to emerge or re-emerge on a similarly large scale because of the demographic, societal, and environmental global trends of the 21st century. As these emergences and re-emergences are unpredictable, we have to be prepared for the worst-case scenario. In this Special Issue of Viruses, dedicated to “Endemic Arboviruses”, we would like to cover some current issues in arbovirus diseases.

Particularly welcome are articles that describe:

  • The epidemiology of arbovirus infections in different regions of the world
    • arbovirus infections in the Americas (past and present)
    • arbovirus infections in Europe (past and present)
    • arbovirus infections in Africa (past and present)
    • arbovirus infections in Asia (past and present)
    • arbovirus infections in Oceania (past and present)
  • Clinical manifestations and complications of arbovirus infections
    • neurological complications
    • materno-fetal complications
  • Transmission of arbovirus infections
    • vectorial transmission
    • non-vectorial transmission (blood borne, materno-fetal, sexual)
  • Current state of and latest developments in the diagnosis of arbovirus infections
  • arboviruses with limited circulation but that have the potential to emerge on a larger scale, such as Mayaro, Ross River, Oropuche, Venezuelan equine, Rift Valley Fever, Usutu, O’Nyong Nyong, and other lesser known viruses.

We hope to present a collection of articles on the topic of this Special Issue. Please contact us in advance by email if you are planning to make a submission.

Dr. Didier Musso
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • arbovirus
  • emergence
  • emerging infectious diseases

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 182 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Endemic Arboviruses”
by Didier Musso, Dominique Rousset and Christophe Peyrefitte
Viruses 2022, 14(3), 645; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v14030645 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1705
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (Arbovirus) is an ecological term defining viruses that are maintained in nature through biological transmission between a susceptible vertebrate host and a hematophagous arthropod such as a mosquito [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic Arboviruses)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

20 pages, 4006 KiB  
Article
Identification and Genetic Characterization of Viral Pathogens in Ruminant Gestation Abnormalities, Israel, 2015–2019
by Natalia Golender, Velizar Bumbarov, Anita Kovtunenko, Dan David, Marisol Guini-Rubinstein, Asaf Sol, Martin Beer, Avi Eldar and Kerstin Wernike
Viruses 2021, 13(11), 2136; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13112136 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1750
Abstract
Infectious agents including viruses are important abortifacients and can cause fetal abnormalities in livestock animals. Here, samples that had been collected in Israel from aborted or malformed ruminant fetuses between 2015 and 2019 were investigated for the presence of the following viruses: the [...] Read more.
Infectious agents including viruses are important abortifacients and can cause fetal abnormalities in livestock animals. Here, samples that had been collected in Israel from aborted or malformed ruminant fetuses between 2015 and 2019 were investigated for the presence of the following viruses: the reoviruses bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), the flaviviruses bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV), the peribunyaviruses Shuni virus (SHUV) and Akabane virus (AKAV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Domestic (cattle, sheep, goat) and wild/zoo ruminants were included in the study. The presence of viral nucleic acid or antigen could be confirmed in 21.8 % of abnormal pregnancies (213 out of 976 investigated cases), with peribunyaviruses, reoviruses and pestiviruses being the most prevalent. At least four different BTV serotypes were involved in abnormal courses of pregnancy in Israel. The subtyping of pestiviruses revealed the presence of two BDV and several distinct BVDV type 1 strains. The peribunyaviruses AKAV and SHUV were identified annually throughout the study period, however, variation in the extent of virus circulation could be observed between the years. In 2018, AKAV even represented the most detected pathogen in cases of small domestic ruminant gestation abnormalities. In conclusion, it was shown that various viruses are involved in abnormal courses of pregnancy in ruminants in Israel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic Arboviruses)
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20 pages, 7269 KiB  
Article
Virome Diversity among Mosquito Populations in a Sub-Urban Region of Marseille, France
by Amira Nebbak, Sonia Monteil-Bouchard, Jean-Michel Berenger, Lionel Almeras, Philippe Parola and Christelle Desnues
Viruses 2021, 13(5), 768; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13050768 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3421
Abstract
Some mosquito species have significant public health importance given their ability to transmit major diseases to humans and animals, making them the deadliest animals in the world. Among these, the Aedes (Ae.) genus is a vector of several viruses such as [...] Read more.
Some mosquito species have significant public health importance given their ability to transmit major diseases to humans and animals, making them the deadliest animals in the world. Among these, the Aedes (Ae.) genus is a vector of several viruses such as Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses that can cause serious pathologies in humans. Since 2004, Ae. albopictus has been encountered in the South of France, and autochthonous cases of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika diseases have recently been reported, further highlighting the need for a comprehensive survey of the mosquitoes and their associated viruses in this area. Using high throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques, we report an analysis of the DNA and RNA viral communities of three mosquito species Ae. albopictus, Culex (Cx.) pipiens, and Culiseta (Cs.) longiareolata vectors of human infectious diseases in a small sub-urban city in the South of France. Results revealed the presence of a significant diversity of viruses known to infect bacteria, plants, insects, and mammals. Several novel viruses were detected, including novel members of the Rhabdoviridae, Totiviridae, Iflaviviridae, Circoviridae, and Sobemoviridae families. No sequence related to major zoonotic viruses transmitted by mosquitoes was detected. The use of HTS on arthropod vector populations is a promising strategy for monitoring the emergence and circulation of zoonoses and epizooties. This study is a contribution to the knowledge of the mosquito microbiome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic Arboviruses)
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17 pages, 5000 KiB  
Article
Mayaro Virus Infects Human Brain Cells and Induces a Potent Antiviral Response in Human Astrocytes
by Michèle Bengue, Pauline Ferraris, Jonathan Barthelemy, Cheikh Tidiane Diagne, Rodolphe Hamel, Florian Liégeois, Antoine Nougairède, Xavier de Lamballerie, Yannick Simonin, Julien Pompon, Sara Salinas and Dorothée Missé
Viruses 2021, 13(3), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030465 - 11 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2515
Abstract
Mayaro virus (MAYV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are known for their arthrotropism, but accumulating evidence shows that CHIKV infections are occasionally associated with serious neurological complications. However, little is known about the capacity of MAYV to invade the central nervous system (CNS). We [...] Read more.
Mayaro virus (MAYV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are known for their arthrotropism, but accumulating evidence shows that CHIKV infections are occasionally associated with serious neurological complications. However, little is known about the capacity of MAYV to invade the central nervous system (CNS). We show that human neural progenitors (hNPCs), pericytes and astrocytes are susceptible to MAYV infection, resulting in the production of infectious viral particles. In primary astrocytes, MAYV, and to a lesser extent CHIKV, elicited a strong antiviral response, as demonstrated by an increased expression of several interferon-stimulated genes, including ISG15, MX1 and OAS2. Infection with either virus led to an enhanced expression of inflammatory chemokines, such as CCL5, CXCL10 and CXCL11, whereas MAYV induced higher levels of IL-6, IL-12 and IL-15 in these cells. Moreover, MAYV was more susceptible than CHIKV to the antiviral effects of both type I and type II interferons. Taken together, this study shows that although MAYV and CHIKV are phylogenetically related, they induce different types of antiviral responses in astrocytes. This work is the first to evaluate the potential neurotropism of MAYV and shows that brain cells and particularly astrocytes and hNPCs are permissive to MAYV, which, consequently, could lead to MAYV-induced neuropathology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic Arboviruses)
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20 pages, 5269 KiB  
Article
Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Intrahost Diversity in Patients with Different Clinical Outcomes
by Maria Celeste Torres, Marcos Cesar Lima de Mendonça, Cintia Damasceno dos Santos Rodrigues, Vagner Fonseca, Mario Sergio Ribeiro, Ana Paula Brandão, Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha, Ana Isabel Dias, Lucy Santos Vilas Boas, Alvina Clara Felix, Maira Alves Pereira, Luzia Maria de Oliveira Pinto, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis and on behalf of ZikAction Consortium
Viruses 2021, 13(2), 349; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13020349 - 23 Feb 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3057
Abstract
Intrahost genetic diversity is thought to facilitate arbovirus adaptation to changing environments and hosts, and it might also be linked to viral pathogenesis. Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) has circulated in Brazil since 1990 and is associated with severe disease and explosive outbreaks. [...] Read more.
Intrahost genetic diversity is thought to facilitate arbovirus adaptation to changing environments and hosts, and it might also be linked to viral pathogenesis. Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) has circulated in Brazil since 1990 and is associated with severe disease and explosive outbreaks. Intending to shed light on the viral determinants for severe dengue pathogenesis, we sought to analyze the DENV-2 intrahost genetic diversity in 68 patient cases clinically classified as dengue fever (n = 31), dengue with warning signs (n = 19), and severe dengue (n = 18). Unlike previous DENV intrahost diversity studies whose approaches employed PCR, here we performed viral whole-genome deep sequencing from clinical samples with an amplicon-free approach, representing the real intrahost diversity scenario. Striking differences were detected in the viral population structure between the three clinical categories, which appear to be driven mainly by different infection times and selection pressures, rather than being linked with the clinical outcome itself. Diversity in the NS2B gene, however, showed to be constrained, irrespective of clinical outcome and infection time. Finally, 385 non-synonymous intrahost single-nucleotide variants located along the viral polyprotein, plus variants located in the untranslated regions, were consistently identified among the samples. Of them, 124 were exclusively or highly detected among cases with warning signs and among severe cases. However, there was no variant that by itself appeared to characterize the cases of greater severity, either due to its low intrahost frequency or the conservative effect on amino acid substitution. Although further studies are necessary to determine their real effect on viral proteins, this heightens the possibility of epistatic interactions. The present analysis represents an initial effort to correlate DENV-2 genetic diversity to its pathogenic potential and thus contribute to understanding the virus’s dynamics within its human host. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic Arboviruses)
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10 pages, 469 KiB  
Article
Unique Cytokine Response in West Nile Virus Patients Who Developed Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
by Michael Hansen, Melissa S. Nolan, Rodion Gorchakov, Rodrigo Hasbun, Kristy O. Murray and Shannon E. Ronca
Viruses 2021, 13(2), 311; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/v13020311 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1606
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a widespread and devastating disease, especially in those who develop neuroinvasive disease. A growing body of evidence describes sequelae years after infection, including neurological complications and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Eighty-nine out of 373 WNV-positive cases were followed [...] Read more.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a widespread and devastating disease, especially in those who develop neuroinvasive disease. A growing body of evidence describes sequelae years after infection, including neurological complications and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Eighty-nine out of 373 WNV-positive cases were followed for approximately two years and compared to 127 WNV-negative controls with and without CKD. Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) were calculated via a log binomial regression to determine the impact of WNV exposure and other possible confounders on the likelihood of developing CKD. Cytokine profiles of WNV patients and controls were evaluated to characterize differences and describe potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The associated risk for developing CKD was significantly associated with history of WNV infection (aRR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.13–3.25). Additionally, five distinct cytokines were found to be significantly associated with WNV infection (eotaxin, IL-8, IL-12p70, IP-10, and TNFα) after the p-value was adjusted to <0.0019 due to the Bonferroni correction. These data support that WNV infection is an independent risk factor for CKD, even after accounting for confounding comorbidities. WNV participants who developed CKD had high activity of proinflammatory markers, indicating underlying inflammatory disease. This study provides new insights into CKD resultant of WNV infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endemic Arboviruses)
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