Neuron Loss in Alzheimer’s Disease: Translation in Transgenic Mouse Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Intraneuronal Aβ Is Linked to Pyramidal Neuron Loss in Transgenic AD Mouse Models
2.1. Pyramidal Neuron Loss in Transgenic Mice with APP Overexpression
2.2. Neuron Loss in Transgenic Mice with Aβ Peptide Overexpression
3. Tau Triggers Neuron Loss in Models with Aβ Pathology
4. Loss of Other Neuronal Cell Types in APP Transgenic Mice
4.1. Loss of Interneurons in Transgenic Mouse Models Expressing Mutant APP
4.2. Cholinergic Neuron Loss in APP Transgenic Mice
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
APP | Amyloid precursor protein |
Aβ | Amyloid-β |
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
APOE | Apolipoprotein E |
BACE1 | β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 |
ChAT | Choline acetyltransferase |
CR | Calretinin |
ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
FAD | Familial Alzheimer’s disease |
HEK | Human embryonic kidney |
KI | Knock-in |
nbM | Nucleus basalis of Meynert |
NFL | Neurofilament light |
PV | Parvalbumin |
PS | Presenilin |
SAD | Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease |
TREM2 | Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 |
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Mouse Model | GeneMutation/ Transgene | Promoter | Pathology | Behavior Deficits | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aβ Plaques | Intraneuronal Aβ | Neuron Loss | |||||
Single Transgenic Mouse Models of AD Overexpressing Human APP | |||||||
Tg2576 | APPK670N/M671L | PrP | Yes | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [38] |
TgCNRD8 | APPK670N/M671L,V717F | Hamster PrP | Yes | NR | Yes: PN, IN | Yes | [39] |
APP23 | APPK670N/M671L | Thy1 | Yes | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [40,41] |
APPE693Δ | APPE693Δ | PrP | No | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [42] |
TgSweDI | APPK670N/M671L,E693Q,D694N | Thy1 | Yes | NR | Yes: CN | Yes | [43,44] |
APPSwe/Ld | APPK670N/M671L,V717I | Thy1 | Yes | Yes | Yes: CN | Yes | [45] |
Double and Triple Transgenic Mouse Models of AD Overexpressing Human APP | |||||||
5xFAD | APPK670N/M671L,I716V,V717I PS1M146L,L286V | Thy1 | Yes | Yes | Yes: PN, IN, CN | Yes | [46,47,48] |
APP/PS1 | APPK670N/M671L PS1M146L | Thy1 HMG-CoA | Yes | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [49,50,51] |
APP/PS1KI | APPK670N/M671L,V717I PS1M233T/L235P KI | Thy1 | Yes | Yes | Yes: PN, IN, CN | Yes | [52,53,54] |
APP/Tau | APPK670N/M671L MAPTP301L | PrP Thy1 | Yes | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [55] |
5xFAD/PS19 | APPK670N/M671L,I716V,V717I PS1M146L,L286V MAPTP301S | Thy1 PrP | Yes | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [56,57] |
3xTg | APPK670N/M671L MAPTP301L PS1M146V KI | Thy1 | Yes | Yes | Yes: IN, CN | Yes | [58,59] |
5xFAD/Tg30 | APPK670N/M671L,I716V,V717I PS1M146L,L286V Tau(1N4R)P301S,G272V | Thy1 | Yes | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [60] |
Transgenic Mouse Models of AD Overexpressing Human Aβ | |||||||
NFL-Aβ | murine Aβ | NFL | Scarce | Yes | Yes: PN | NR | [61] |
APP48 | rSPENK-Aβ1–42 | Thy1 | No | Yes | Yes: PN | NR | [62] |
TBA2 | mTRH-Aβ3Q–42 | Thy1 | No | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [63] |
TBA42 | mTRH-Aβ3Q–42 | Thy1 | No | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [64] |
Tg4-42 | mTRH-Aβ4–42 | Thy1 | No | Yes | Yes: PN | Yes | [65] |
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Wirths, O.; Zampar, S. Neuron Loss in Alzheimer’s Disease: Translation in Transgenic Mouse Models. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8144. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21218144
Wirths O, Zampar S. Neuron Loss in Alzheimer’s Disease: Translation in Transgenic Mouse Models. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8144. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21218144
Chicago/Turabian StyleWirths, Oliver, and Silvia Zampar. 2020. "Neuron Loss in Alzheimer’s Disease: Translation in Transgenic Mouse Models" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8144. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms21218144