Metal Fractionation in Surface Sediments of the Brahmaputra River and Implications for Their Mobilization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area: Site Description and Geology
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Sampling
3.2. Sequential Extraction
3.3. Analysis
3.4. Quality Assessment and Quality Control
3.5. Risk Assessment Code (RAC)
4. Results
4.1. General Characteristics of Water and Sediment
4.2. Chemical Fractionation
5. Discussion
5.1. The Interrelationship between the Overlying Water and Metal Species in the Sediment
5.1.1. Principal Component Analysis
5.1.2. Cluster Analysis
5.2. Risk Assessment Code (RAC) and Environmental Implications for the Metal Fractionation
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sediment No. | Date | Latitude | Longitude | Elevation (m) | pH | Conduc- Tivity (uS) | DO (mg/L) | Turbidity (NTU) | Measured Eh (mV) | TDS (ppm) | Temp. (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 13/11/2018 | 28.98097 | 94.89255 | 414 | 7.98 | 383.8 | 11.29 | 207 | 135.78 | 90.84 | 12.6 |
S2 | 12/11/2018 | 28.677 | 94.97366 | 287 | 7.52 | 278.5 | 10.52 | 72.9 | 146.81 | 65.60 | 15.7 |
S3 | 11/11/2018 | 28.35093 | 95.04578 | 215 | 7.93 | 353.2 | 12.00 | 258 | 135.76 | 82.60 | 14.2 |
S4 | 11/11/2018 | 28.13514 | 95.14008 | 168 | 7.78 | 349.8 | 11.54 | 179 | 143.33 | 82.80 | 14.1 |
S5 | 10/11/2018 | 28.07835 | 95.33553 | 132 | 7.97 | 312.6 | 11.50 | 207 | 135.70 | 73.93 | 15.0 |
S6 | 9/11/2018 | 27.48809 | 94.90676 | 83.0 | 8.08 | 346.5 | 8.490 | 361 | 120.40 | 82.10 | 22.0 |
S7 | 20/11/2018 | 26.58656 | 92.85958 | 57.0 | 7.73 | 897.1 | 9.050 | 557 | 141.31 | 211.0 | 22.7 |
S8 | 21/11/2018 | 26.18033 | 91.67194 | 23.0 | 8.04 | 439.1 | 8.820 | 875 | 120.19 | 104.1 | 24.3 |
S9 | 22/11/2018 | 26.1983 | 90.58509 | 27.0 | 7.39 | 381.7 | 10.04 | 134 | 160.72 | 90.34 | 20.4 |
S10 | 22/11/2018 | 26.01339 | 89.99179 | 15.0 | 7.92 | 473.9 | 9.260 | 194 | 125.84 | 112.4 | 25.8 |
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Tsering, T.; Sillanpää, M.; Reinikainen, S.-P.; Abdel Wahed, M.S.M. Metal Fractionation in Surface Sediments of the Brahmaputra River and Implications for Their Mobilization. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 9214. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17249214
Tsering T, Sillanpää M, Reinikainen S-P, Abdel Wahed MSM. Metal Fractionation in Surface Sediments of the Brahmaputra River and Implications for Their Mobilization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(24):9214. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17249214
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsering, Tenzin, Mika Sillanpää, Satu-Pia Reinikainen, and Mahmoud S. M. Abdel Wahed. 2020. "Metal Fractionation in Surface Sediments of the Brahmaputra River and Implications for Their Mobilization" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9214. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17249214