International Journal of Plant Biology

492 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nano-Particle Derived from Chaetomium cuprem cc3003 against Anthracnose of Coffee var. Arabic

by Vilavong Somlit, Kanokmedhakul Somdej, Kanokmedhakul Kaunchai and Kasem Soytong

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 7736; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.7736 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 501

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is proved to be a pathogenic isolate causing anthracnose disease on coffee var. Arabica in Lao PDR. Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 inhibits sporulation of C. gloeosporiodes by 42.60% in 30 days. The tested nano CCH, nano CCE and nano CCM derived from [...] Read more.

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is proved to be a pathogenic isolate causing anthracnose disease on coffee var. Arabica in Lao PDR. Chaetomium cupreum CC3003 inhibits sporulation of C. gloeosporiodes by 42.60% in 30 days. The tested nano CCH, nano CCE and nano CCM derived from C. cupreum CC3003 significantly inhibits C. gloeosporioides that cause coffee anthracnose at low concentrations of about 3–15 ppm. The tested nano-particles applied to inoculated coffee seedlings significantly reduce coffee anthracnose. Research and development on nano-particles extracted from fungi are necessary to discover new strategies to control plant disease. Full article

435 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Seeding Material Age, Storage Time, and Tuber Tissue Zone on Glucomannan Content of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume

by Nunung Harijati, Retno Mastuti, Nurul Chairiyah, Bunga Roosdiana and Siti Aminur Rohmawati

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 7626; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.7626 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 630

Abstract

Among members of the genus Amorphophallus in Indonesia, Amorphophallus muelleri produces the highest amounts of glucomannan, which is a fiber carbohydrate that plays a significant role in controlling obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glucomannan in A. muelleri is stored in the tubers. Several [...] Read more.

Among members of the genus Amorphophallus in Indonesia, Amorphophallus muelleri produces the highest amounts of glucomannan, which is a fiber carbohydrate that plays a significant role in controlling obesity and type 2 diabetes. Glucomannan in A. muelleri is stored in the tubers. Several internal and external factors affect the glucomannan content of the tubers. In this study, we only investigated the internal factors seeding material and tuber. The objectives were: (i) to investigate the effect of the seeding material on tuber glucomannan levels; and (ii) to assess the influence of the storage period and the tuber part on glucomannan contents. Glucomannan was extracted via centrifugation. The result showed that tubers, which yielded from the center bulbis, have slightly higher glucomannan content than tubers from side bulbis, even though insignificant. Our results indicate significant glucomannan losses at storage times of more than 3 months. Levels decreased by 90% after storage over 3.75 months since shoot collapse. Glucomannan levels of the central and the edge parts of the tubers did not differ significantly. Full article

450 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Variability of Aggressiveness and Virulence of Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovorum Causing the Soft Rot on Potato Tubers in the Western of Algeria

by M’hamed Benada, Boualem Boumaaza, Sofiane Boudalia, Omar Khaladi and Bettache Guessas

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 7568; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.7568 - 21 Dec 2018

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 882

Abstract

Soft rot symptoms were observed on potato plants in several potato cultivars in the western part of Algeria. A total of four strains of Erwinia are devided as follow: (i) three strains of bacteria isolated from diseased tissues and soil, identified as Erwinia [...] Read more.

Soft rot symptoms were observed on potato plants in several potato cultivars in the western part of Algeria. A total of four strains of Erwinia are devided as follow: (i) three strains of bacteria isolated from diseased tissues and soil, identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp carotovorum using conventional bacteriological and biochemical methods; and (ii) one strain as Erwinia sp, not pathogens. In vitro tests, on tuber slices were set up to determine slices weight lost, which allows to find differences in cultivar susceptibility and isolate aggressiveness. Among the five cultivars, Laura was the most susceptible than the others tested cultivars. Moreover, it was found that MAI isolate was the most virulent than the other bacterial isolates. The results of this study should allow an optimization of the potato storage, after considering the susceptibility of a given cultivar to soft rot development and the aggressiveness. Full article

370 KiB

Open AccessReview

Secrets of Plants: Endophytes

by Asiya Nazir and Habeeb Abdul Rahman

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 7810; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.7810 - 15 Nov 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 755

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are an important component that colonizes in healthy tissues of living plants and can be readily isolated from any microbial or plant growth medium. They act as reservoirs of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolic acids, quinones, steroids, saponins, [...] Read more.

Endophytic fungi are an important component that colonizes in healthy tissues of living plants and can be readily isolated from any microbial or plant growth medium. They act as reservoirs of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolic acids, quinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids that serve as a potential candidate for antimicrobial, anti-insect, anticancer and many more properties. Their huge diversity and particular habituation, they can provide a good area for research in the field of making new medicines and novel drug-like molecules. Because of the impact of endophytes on host plant by enhancing their growth or increasing their fitness, also making them tolerant to abiotic and biotic stresses and holding the secondary metabolites, endophytes are gaining attention as a subject for research. This review aims to comprehend the contribution and uses of endophytes and relationships between endophytic fungi and their host medicinal plants. Full article

397 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Growth and Yield of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorizha Roxb.) and Corn (Zea mays L.) with Various Intercropping Patterns

by Ellis Nihayati, Anisa Rosida and Nur Azizah

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 7099; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.7099 - 4 Oct 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 567

Abstract

Temulawak is rarely cultivated with any intensity because it has a long harvest time and requires wide spacing. One of the solutions for temulawak cultivation is through applying intercropping systems with corn. The current research aimed to determine the most advantageous intercropping planting [...] Read more.

Temulawak is rarely cultivated with any intensity because it has a long harvest time and requires wide spacing. One of the solutions for temulawak cultivation is through applying intercropping systems with corn. The current research aimed to determine the most advantageous intercropping planting pattern of temulawak and corn. The experiment adhered to a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: T₁ = strip cropping; T₂ = row cropping; T₃ = strip-relay temulawakcorn; T₄ = row-relay temulawak-corn; T₅ = strip-relay corn-temulawak; and T₆ = rowrelay corn-temulawak. The results showed that different cropping patterns of an intercropping system of temulawak and corn affected the growth and yield of both crops. The most suitable polyculture cropping pattern, based on land equivalence ratios (LER) values and R/C ratios, was strip cropping that produced rhizhomes of temulawak of up to 2.68 ton ha⁻¹ and of corn of up to 5.24 ton ha⁻¹. The LER value was 1.22 and the revenue/cost (R/C) ratio was as much as 1.43 with a net profit of as much as IDR 9,509,000. Full article

390 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Quercetin and Kaempferol Levels in Various Phase of Flowers Melastoma malabathricum L.

by Isnaini, Nur Permatasari, Karyono Mintaroem and M. Aris Widodo

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 6846; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.6846 - 4 Oct 2018

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 740

Abstract

Melastoma malabathricum L. flowers are part of a plant that contains quercetin and kaempferol. Quercetin and kaempferol are useful for their antioxidant and anticancer properties. The flowering phase affects levels of quercetin and kaempferol. There are four phases of flower blooming: 1st bud [...] Read more.

Melastoma malabathricum L. flowers are part of a plant that contains quercetin and kaempferol. Quercetin and kaempferol are useful for their antioxidant and anticancer properties. The flowering phase affects levels of quercetin and kaempferol. There are four phases of flower blooming: 1st bud phase (K1), 2nd bud phase (K2), 3rd bud phase (K3), and flower bloom (M). It remains to be determined which phase of Melastoma malabathricum L. flowering shows the highest levels of quercetin and kaempferol. Quercetin and kaempferol levels were measured using HPLC MS/MS. The measured quercetin levels of K1, K2, K3, and M phases, respectively, were: 19.47 μg/g, 17.78 μg/g, 31.2 μg/g, and 94.32 μg/g. Levels of kaempferol during K1, K2, K3, and M, respectively, were: 140.99 μg/g, 57.28 μg/g, 95.32 μg/g, and 349.37 μg/g. Full article

346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Materials to Increase the Productivity of Rice Crop (Oryza sativa L.) in Equatorial Agroecosystems

by Sution Sution, Agus Suryanto and Mudji Santoso

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 6529; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.6529 - 4 Oct 2018

Viewed by 451

Abstract

The aim is to determine the optimum combination of inorganic fertilizer and organic materials for increasing the productivity of rice crop (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted in February–June 2015 in Kebadu, Sanggau, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The study area was located [...] Read more.

The aim is to determine the optimum combination of inorganic fertilizer and organic materials for increasing the productivity of rice crop (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted in February–June 2015 in Kebadu, Sanggau, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The study area was located at 00°0.08,785′ N north latitude and 110°0.07,175′ E east longitude with ultisol soil; the altitude is 32 m above sea level, rainfall level ranges between 185–267 mm month⁻¹, and the solar radiation is 375.49–452.58 cal cm⁻² day⁻¹. This study used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was the inorganic fertilization (without fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer 50%, 100%, and 150%) and the second factor was the addition of organic materials (EM₄ 2 l ha⁻¹, chicken manure 2 t ha⁻¹, and manure 2 t ha⁻¹ + EM₄ 2 l ha⁻¹). Results showed that the application of chicken manure and a combination of chicken manure + EM₄ could reduce the need for inorganic fertilizer NPK by up to 50% with productivity that ranged from 4.18–4.20 t ha⁻¹; this is relatively similar to 100% and 150% inorganic fertilizer NPK, and can increase the harvest by up to 68% compared to the no-NPK inorganic fertilizer. Full article

906 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pericarp, Seed Coat Anatomy and Seed Morphology of Calycanthaceae

by Niroj Paudel and Kweon Heo

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 7525; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.7525 - 23 Jul 2018

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 688

Abstract

Pericarp, trichome, and seed coat anatomy display great features of taxonomic value in the Calycanthaceae. The present study about trichome and seed coat anatomy has based on external and internal observation. Detail anatomical study of seeds provides valuable information for further study about [...] Read more.

Pericarp, trichome, and seed coat anatomy display great features of taxonomic value in the Calycanthaceae. The present study about trichome and seed coat anatomy has based on external and internal observation. Detail anatomical study of seeds provides valuable information for further study about their function, ontogeny, and phylogeny. Therefore, the goal of the study is to investigate trichome morphology and seed coat anatomy in Calycanthaceae to provide more detail characterization. Seeds were collected after that preserved with FAA. Furthermore, alcohol series applied for SEM and light microscopy. The unicellular trichome morphology is common in all species in Calycanthaceae. Density of trichome is highest in Calycanthus occidentalis. Different variation of seed coat and pericarp layers are characteristics of potential phylogenetic significance in the family. Full article

349 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidants in Flour of the Oilseed Crop Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz

by Roberto Russo and Remo Reggiani

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 7659; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.7659 - 27 Jun 2018

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 395

Abstract

Forty-seven accessions of Camelina sativa (L.) Crants (41 spring and 6 winter forms) were analyzed for antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. The antioxidant activity (AA%) was high in camelina accessions and with a significant variability among accessions and between [...] Read more.

Forty-seven accessions of Camelina sativa (L.) Crants (41 spring and 6 winter forms) were analyzed for antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. The antioxidant activity (AA%) was high in camelina accessions and with a significant variability among accessions and between spring and winter forms. The highest antioxidant activities have been observed in some spring accessions (CAM35, CAM173 and CAM268). TPC was high in camelina and significantly different among accessions. Antioxidant activity resulted highly correlated with TPC, while no correlation was observed with flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents. Significant variability was observed among accessions but not between groups (winter and spring) for flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents. These two classes of compounds showed a significant inverse correlation between them suggesting that their synthesis is in competition. The camelina cake can enrich the animal diet of antioxidant compounds (phenolics) and some spring accessions are more promising for future breeding programs. Full article

399 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Expression Level of DREB Gene of Local Corn Cultivars from Kisar Island-Maluku, Indonesia, Using Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

by Hermalina Sinay and Estri Laras Arumingtyas

Int. J. Plant Biol. 2018, 9(1), 7005; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4081/pb.2018.7005 - 24 May 2018

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 432

Abstract

The research objective was to determine the expression level of dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) gene of local corn cultivars from Kisar Island Maluku, Indonesia. The study was designed as randomized block design with single factor consist of six local corn [...] Read more.

The research objective was to determine the expression level of dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) gene of local corn cultivars from Kisar Island Maluku, Indonesia. The study was designed as randomized block design with single factor consist of six local corn cultivars obtained from farmers in Kisar Island and one reference varieties which has been released as a drought-tolerant varieties and obtained from Cereal Crops Research Institute Maros South Sulawesi. Isolation of total RNA from the second leaf after the flag leaf at the 65 days after planting were carried out according to the protocols of the R and ABlueTM Total RNA Extraction Kit, and was used as a template for cDNA synthesis. Amplification of cDNA from total RNA was carried out according to the protocol of One-Step Reverse Transcriptase PCR Premix Kit. Real Time-PCR was performed usingcDNA from reverse transcription following the procedures of Real MODTM Green Real-Time PCR Master Mix Kit. The real time-PCR data were analyzed using relative quantification method based on the critical point/cycle threshold. The highest DREB gene expression was showed by Deep Yellow local corn cultivar, and the lowest one was showed by Rubby Brown Cob cultivar. The DREB gene expression level of deep yellow local corn cultivar was even higher than Srikandi variety as a reference variety. Full article

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Int. J. Plant Biol., Volume 9, Issue 1 (May 2018) – 10 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI