Examining Hotspots of Traffic Collisions and their Spatial Relationships with Land Use: A GIS-Based Geographically Weighted Regression Approach for Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Road Safety in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
1.2. Definition of Crash Hotspots
1.3. Existing Methods for Crash Hotspots Identification
1.4. Relationship between Land Use and Crash Hotspots
1.5. Previous Studies for HSID Using GIS
1.6. Contributions of the Current Study
2. Study Area
3. Data and Methods
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Temporal Distribution of Crashes
4.2. Crash Hotspot Analysis
4.2.1. Hotspot Analysis by Crash Severity
4.2.2. Hotspot Analysis by Crash Causes
4.2.3. Hotspot Analysis by Crash Types
4.3. GWR Analysis for Land Use Neighborhood Population and Crash Counts Severity, Causes, and Types
4.3.1. GWR Analysis for Neighborhood Crash Severity
4.3.2. GWR Analysis for Neighborhood Crash Causes
4.3.3. GWR Analysis for Neighborhood Crash Types
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | No. of Incidences | Observed Mean Distance (m) | Mean/Expected Random Distance (m) | NNI | Z-Value | # of Incidences Within Hotspot Zones | % of Incidences Within the Hotspot Zones |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crash Severity | |||||||
FI | 2706 | 102.9 | 203.95 | 0.50 | −50.32 | 841 | 31.1 |
PDO | 8833 | 48.52 | 112.85 | 0.43 | −102.48 | 4700 | 53.2 |
Crash Types | |||||||
Collisions | 7902 | 48.72 | 119.31 | 0.41 | −100.60 | 4210 | 53.3 |
Fixed object | 1479 | 141.65 | 275.77 | 0.51 | −35.78 | 254 | 17.2 |
Hit pedestrians | 900 | 206.29 | 353.71 | 0.58 | −23.91 | 174 | 19.3 |
Crash Causes | |||||||
Driver distraction | 966 | 182.20 | 345.54 | 0.53 | −27.76 | 293 | 30.3 |
Sudden lane change | 3211 | 82.52 | 187.22 | 0.44 | −60.60 | 1410 | 43.9 |
Not giving way | 2529 | 99.39 | 212.83 | 0.47 | −58.84 | 962 | 38.0 |
Speeding | 1920 | 118.13 | 243.63 | 0.49 | −42.90 | 890 | 46.4 |
Sleeping | 657 | 217.40 | 415.98 | 0.52 | −23.29 | 131 | 19.9 |
Poor roadway | 1430 | 141.78 | 282.64 | 0.50 | −35.77 | 531 | 37.1 |
Traffic violations | 786 | 212.58 | 375.90 | 0.56 | −23.45 | 224 | 28.5 |
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Rahman, M.T.; Jamal, A.; Al-Ahmadi, H.M. Examining Hotspots of Traffic Collisions and their Spatial Relationships with Land Use: A GIS-Based Geographically Weighted Regression Approach for Dammam, Saudi Arabia. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9, 540. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijgi9090540
Rahman MT, Jamal A, Al-Ahmadi HM. Examining Hotspots of Traffic Collisions and their Spatial Relationships with Land Use: A GIS-Based Geographically Weighted Regression Approach for Dammam, Saudi Arabia. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9(9):540. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijgi9090540
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahman, Muhammad Tauhidur, Arshad Jamal, and Hassan M. Al-Ahmadi. 2020. "Examining Hotspots of Traffic Collisions and their Spatial Relationships with Land Use: A GIS-Based Geographically Weighted Regression Approach for Dammam, Saudi Arabia" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 9: 540. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijgi9090540