Postpartum Blood Loss in COVID-19 Patients—Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Study Population
2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Study Procedures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Patients (N = 325) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
COVID-19 Cases (N = 203) | Controls (N = 122) | ||
Labor ≥3 | 31 (15%) | 20 (16%) | 0.788 * |
Previous operation on uterus | 52 (26%) | 41 (34%) | 0.123 * |
Anticoagulant use | 11 (5.4%) | 9 (7.4%) | 0.477 * |
Induction of labor | 34 (17%) | 26 (21%) | 0.305 * |
Fail to labor progress | 14 (6.9%) | 10 (8.2%) | 0.664 * |
Diabetes | 31 (15%) | 20 (16%) | 0.788 * |
Preeclampsia | 18 (8.9%) | 14 (11%) | 0.445 * |
Hypothyroidism | 43 (21%) | 26 (21%) | 0.978 * |
Cesarean section | 134 (66%) | 78 (64%) | 0.704 * |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39 (38; 40) | 39 (38; 40) | 0.456 *** |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.63 (26.08; 31.18) | 27.74 (26.31; 31.09) | 0.468 *** |
Hematocrit count before birth (%) | 37.80 (35.70; 39.75) | 37.60 (35.92; 40.08) | 0.932 *** |
Duration of hospitalization (days) | 6 (5; 6.5) | 6 (5; 6.75) | 0.935 *** |
Blood units transfused (N) | 1 (1; 1) | 1 (1; 1) | 0.009 *** |
Peritoneal drainage | 47 (23%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 ** |
Postpartum hemorrhage | 11 (5.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.035 ** |
Estimated blood loss (ml) | 350 (300; 400) | 350 (300; 400) | 0.021 *** |
Platelet count (103/µl) | 196 (156; 236.5) | 210 (181; 241.25) | 0.011 *** |
Hemoglobin concentration before birth (g/dl) | 13 (12.15; 13.6) | 12.4 (11.9; 13.3) | 0.003 *** |
Hemoglobin concentration after birth (g/dl) | 11.6 (10.75; 12.5) | 11.15 (10.50, 11.90) | 0.005 *** |
Decrease in hemoglobin concentration (g/dl) | 1.2 (1.8; 0.6) | 1.25 (2; 0.52) | 0.865 *** |
Hematocrit concentration after birth (%) | 34.4 (32.1; 36.85) | 33.75 (31.7; 36.68) | 0.341 *** |
Hematocrit concentration loss (%) | 3 (5; 1.3) | 3.5 (5.62; 2) | 0.037 *** |
Leukocyte count (103/µl) | 9.20 (7.44; 10.85) | 10.53 (9.29; 12.93) | <0.001 *** |
Lymphocyte count (103/µl) | 1.59 (1.20; 1.93) | 1.87 (1.49; 2.2) | <0.001 *** |
Neutrophile count (103/µl) | 6.89 (5.24; 8.4) | 7.61 (6.49; 9.68) | <0.001 *** |
Sodium serum level (mmol/L) | 139.00 (137; 140) | 138.07 (137; 140) | 0.993 *** |
Potassium serum level (mmol/L) | 4.09 (3.88; 4.28) | 4.15 (3.98; 4.28) | 0.122 *** |
APTT (seconds) | 29.90 (27.4; 32.4) | 28 (26.50; 29.85) | <0.001 *** |
INR | 0.95 (0.92; 0.98) | 0.97 (0.94; 1.02) | <0.001 *** |
Birth weight (g) | 3,450 (3,090; 3,770) | 3,375 (3,097.5; 3,730) | 0.916 *** |
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Januszewski, M.; Santor-Zaczyńska, M.; Ziuzia-Januszewska, L.; Kudan, M.; Jakimiuk, A.A.; Wierzba, W.; Jakimiuk, A.J. Postpartum Blood Loss in COVID-19 Patients—Propensity Score Matched Analysis. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 2517. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines10102517
Januszewski M, Santor-Zaczyńska M, Ziuzia-Januszewska L, Kudan M, Jakimiuk AA, Wierzba W, Jakimiuk AJ. Postpartum Blood Loss in COVID-19 Patients—Propensity Score Matched Analysis. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(10):2517. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines10102517
Chicago/Turabian StyleJanuszewski, Marcin, Małgorzata Santor-Zaczyńska, Laura Ziuzia-Januszewska, Michał Kudan, Alicja A. Jakimiuk, Waldemar Wierzba, and Artur J. Jakimiuk. 2022. "Postpartum Blood Loss in COVID-19 Patients—Propensity Score Matched Analysis" Biomedicines 10, no. 10: 2517. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines10102517