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Applied Sciences
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Advances in Oral Rehabilitation: Materials, Techniques and Clinical Applications
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Advances in Oral Rehabilitation: Materials, Techniques and Clinical Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2024 | Viewed by 6678

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cristina Bettencourt Neves

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Guest Editor
Biomedical and Oral Sciences Research Unit (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: oral rehabilitation; smart dentistry; CAD-CAM technology; oral biodegradation; drug delivery
Dr. Jaime Portugal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biomedical and Oral Sciences Research Unit (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: biomaterials; zirconia; adhesion; CAD-CAM materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, oral rehabilitation has witnessed significant advancements in material, technical and technological aspects. These remarkable achievements have led to numerous benefits, such as enhanced diagnostic accuracy, precise treatment planning, an improved predictability and longevity of rehabilitation treatments, increased safety and efficiency of procedures, and the overall enhancement of the patient experience and acceptance. Given the rapid pace of these advancements, it is important to publish a Special Issue that aims to keep researchers informed about the latest breakthroughs in the field of dentistry. The topics covered in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, new developments in endodontic and restorative materials, such as bioactive systems, CAD-CAM technology, artificial intelligence in dentistry and its clinical applications. We strongly encourage the submission of translational research in the dentistry area. Original studies describing novel therapeutic approaches or materials and reviews on the above topics are welcome.

Dr. Cristina Bettencourt Neves
Dr. Jaime Portugal
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral rehabilitation
  • oral bioactive systems
  • smart dentistry
  • CAD-CAM technology
  • digital dentistry
  • dental imaging
  • 3D printing
  • artificial intelligence
  • oral biomaterials

Published Papers (7 papers)

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8 pages, 2300 KiB  
Article
Histological Bone-Healing Evaluation of Critical-Size Defects Filled with β-Tricalcium Phosphate in Rat Tibiae
by Ana Maria Veiga Vasques, Carlos Roberto Emerenciano Bueno, Maria Rosa Felix de Souza Gomide Guimarães, Diego Valentim, Ana Cláudia Rodrigues da Silva, Francine Benetti, João Miguel Marques Santos, Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra and Eloi Dezan Junior
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 3821; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app14093821 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 226
Abstract
Bone defects may be a result of different pathologies and represent a challenge in different fields of dentistry. Techniques for the correction of bone defects involving the use of several types of grafts have been proposed. This study evaluated bone repair in rat [...] Read more.
Bone defects may be a result of different pathologies and represent a challenge in different fields of dentistry. Techniques for the correction of bone defects involving the use of several types of grafts have been proposed. This study evaluated bone repair in rat tibiae after surgically created critical-size defects were filled with β-tricalcium phosphate (RTR®, Septodont, FR). Critical-size bone defects were created in the tibiae of 32 male Wistar rats, which were divided into four groups (n = 8): Control 30 days, Control 90 days, RTR® 30 days, and RTR® 90 days. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized and specimens were collected, embedded in paraffin, serially cut, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate the inflammatory and repair response. Two parameters were analyzed: neoformed bone tissue areas (NBA) and neoformed cortical areas (NCA). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The RTR® group demonstrated superior bone healing compared with the control group in both analyzed parameters (NBA and NCA), with repair of the cortical bone and bone-tissue formation in the central region of the defect, which showed partial repair in the defect area (p < 0.05). RTR® enhanced bone neoformation in the adopted experimental model and may be a useful biomaterial to boost healing in cases of critical-size bone defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Rehabilitation: Materials, Techniques and Clinical Applications)
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12 pages, 2400 KiB  
Article
Surface Roughness of Polyetheretherketone Printed by Fused Deposition Modeling: A Pilot Study Investigating the Impact of Print Layer Thickness and Polishing Method
by Tânia Soares, Carlos Fernandes, Cláudia Barbosa, Mário A. P. Vaz, Tiago Reis and Maria Helena Figueiral
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 3096; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app14073096 - 07 Apr 2024
Viewed by 407
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer that can be used in 3D printing by fused deposition modeling, and is a promising material for dental applications. Some printing parameters are sensitive and can influence the properties of the printed object. Thus, this work aims [...] Read more.
Polyetheretherketone is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer that can be used in 3D printing by fused deposition modeling, and is a promising material for dental applications. Some printing parameters are sensitive and can influence the properties of the printed object. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the influence of the print layer thickness on the surface roughness of polyetheretherketone before and after polishing and to verify the effectiveness of the polishing method used, as well as to compare it with the results obtained using polymethyl methacrylate as the control group. Specimens with different impression layer thicknesses were printed with polyetheretherketone (Group A—0.1 mm and Group B—0.3 mm). Additionally, a control group with polymethyl methacrylate specimens was milled. Roughness evaluation was conducted using a contact profilometer after the specimens had been printed (before polishing). Then, silicon carbide sandpaper was used to polish the surface, and the roughness was reassessed. Differences were observed between specimens regarding the print layer thickness and the roughness, with the 0.3 mm layer thickness showing the lowest roughness values. The results of this pilot study suggest that the surface roughness of fused deposition modeling printed polyetheretherketone is influenced by print layer thickness, with the lowest roughness seen at a thickness of 0.3 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Rehabilitation: Materials, Techniques and Clinical Applications)
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14 pages, 1755 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Systemic Vitamin D Level on the Healing of Different Graft Materials: An Experimental Histological Study
by Mehmet Sefa Hacibektasoglu, Huseyin Avni Balcioglu, Yigit Uyanikgil and Nilufer Bolukbasi Balcioglu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 939; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app14020939 - 22 Jan 2024
Viewed by 660
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of serum vitamin D levels on the healing of different bone graft materials. Thirty-six male rats were divided into three groups and fed special feeds containing different amounts of vitamin D for 6 [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of serum vitamin D levels on the healing of different bone graft materials. Thirty-six male rats were divided into three groups and fed special feeds containing different amounts of vitamin D for 6 weeks before the surgical phase: the high serum vitamin D level group (group H) 10,000 iu/kg vitamin D3; the standard serum vitamin D level group (group C) 1000 iu/kg D3; and the low-level vitamin D group (group L) 100 iu/kg vitamin D3. Under general anesthesia, four defects with a diameter of 5 mm were created in the calvaria of the rats. The defects were augmented with autogenous grafts, allografts, xenografts, or left empty. The serum vitamin D level was measured before the surgery and before sacrifice. At the end of the 6th week, the subjects were sacrificed, and histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Study results show that in all graft types, as vitamin D levels increase, the number of new bone formations increases. There was no significant difference between the graft materials in terms of new bone formation criteria in group L. In group H and group C, the highest new bone formation was seen in the allograft group (1.48 ± 0.07, 0.66 ± 0.19, respectively). Prospective randomized clinical studies are required to evaluate the effect of vitamin D dose on the success of augmentation procedures in the clinic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Rehabilitation: Materials, Techniques and Clinical Applications)
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12 pages, 2295 KiB  
Article
A Different Approach to Analyzing the Surface Roughness of Prosthetic Dental Acrylic Resins
by Margarida Martins Quezada, Carlos Fernandes, Javier Montero, André Correia, Helena Salgado and Patrícia Fonseca
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 619; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app14020619 - 11 Jan 2024
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Abstract
(1) Introduction: Apart from the polishing method, conventional or mechanized, the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) is the most common metric to evaluate the surface roughness of denture base acrylic resins. An overview of the constraints related to this roughness parameter is highlighted in [...] Read more.
(1) Introduction: Apart from the polishing method, conventional or mechanized, the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) is the most common metric to evaluate the surface roughness of denture base acrylic resins. An overview of the constraints related to this roughness parameter is highlighted in this study. This research introduces new parameters for accessing a functional analysis of surface roughness. (2) Materials and Methods: Five samples of CAD/CAM 3D-printed acrylic resins were prepared. Two polishing techniques, manual and mechanical, were applied. Surface roughness parameters were extracted from a profilometer reading: arithmetic mean height (Ra and Pa), skewness (Rsk and Psk), and kurtosis (Rku and Pku). (3) Results: Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found in the Ra distribution among the study samples, in contrast with the lack of significance in Pa values. Surface roughness parameters revealed an increased coefficient of variance (CV) value due to mechanized polishing across the specimens analyzed. Skewness and kurtosis indicate a more pronounced distribution with the manual polishing technique. (4) Conclusion: This preliminary study exhibits the influence of different polishing protocols on surface roughness parameters. The primary profile, skewness, and kurtosis should be assessed for the surface characterization of acrylic resins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Rehabilitation: Materials, Techniques and Clinical Applications)
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14 pages, 9063 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Marginal Adaptation of Two Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cements Used in Apical Plugs: An In Vitro Study
by Sara Filipe, José Pedro Martinho, Siri Paulo, Catarina Carvalho, Ana Coelho, Inês Amaro, Eunice Carrilho, Anabela Paula, Carlos Miguel Marto, Henrique Girão, Mónica Zuzarte, Ana S. Pires and Manuel Marques Ferreira
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 480; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app14020480 - 05 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1178
Abstract
Background: The emergence of new hydraulic calcium silicate cements has revolutionized endodontics, addressing the limitations of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The aim of this study is to assess and compare the marginal adaptation of two calcium silicate-based cements (White ProRoot MTA® and [...] Read more.
Background: The emergence of new hydraulic calcium silicate cements has revolutionized endodontics, addressing the limitations of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The aim of this study is to assess and compare the marginal adaptation of two calcium silicate-based cements (White ProRoot MTA® and TotalFill® BC RRM Fast Set PuttyTM), when creating apical plugs for teeth with open apices. Methods: twenty-four single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups—GMTA (plug with MTA®) and GTBC (plug with TotalFill® BC RRM Fast Set PuttyTM)—and were sectioned at 1 mm and 2 mm from the apex. The transverse sections were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and the marginal adaptation of the cements was measured with ImageJ® 1.3 software. Statistical analysis (IBM® SPSS® statistics software version 27) was performed and statistical significance was set at 0.05 (p < 0.05). Results: There was a significant difference in the apical region, favoring White ProRoot MTA®, with a lower percentage of marginal adaptation failure (1.32 ± 4.47), presenting a statistically significant difference in the apical region (p = 0.029) but not in the cervical region of the apical plugs (p = 0.774). Conclusions: White ProRoot MTA® showed superior marginal adaptation in the apical section compared to TotalFill® BC RRM Fast Set PuttyTM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Rehabilitation: Materials, Techniques and Clinical Applications)
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13 pages, 7216 KiB  
Article
Fit Accuracy of Cobalt–Chromium and Polyether Ether Ketone Prosthetic Frameworks Produced Using Digital Techniques: In Vitro Pilot Study
by Lara Barbosa, Maria Helena Figueiral, Cristina Bettencourt Neves, Rodrigo Malheiro, Manuel António Sampaio-Fernandes, Susana João Oliveira and Maria Margarida Sampaio-Fernandes
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(1), 118; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app14010118 - 22 Dec 2023
Viewed by 639
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to compare the fit accuracy of cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) removable partial denture frameworks, produced by digital technologies. Two study models of previously prepared Kennedy’s Class I and Class III mandibular dental arches were scanned. For [...] Read more.
This pilot study aimed to compare the fit accuracy of cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) removable partial denture frameworks, produced by digital technologies. Two study models of previously prepared Kennedy’s Class I and Class III mandibular dental arches were scanned. For each model, two frameworks were digitally designed and manufactured using a Co-Cr alloy via the selective laser melting (SLM) technique, and using PEEK via the milling technique. A qualitative assessment of the framework’s fit accuracy to the corresponding study models was carried out using calibrated endodontic instruments and image amplification. Best-fit superimpositions between the reference design and the scanned frameworks were performed using the Geomagic Control X version 2018, 3D Systems software, allowing the expression of trueness by calculating the root mean square (RMS) value. Higher fit accuracy was observed for the milled frameworks, with the Class I PEEK framework showing the best fit accuracy to the corresponding model. RMS values were Class I—148.3 μm for Co-Cr and 69.2 μm for PEEK; Class III—107.2 μm for Co-Cr and 59.7 μm for PEEK. In the experimental conditions used, the milled PEEK frameworks showed better fit accuracy and higher trueness than the SLM-printed Co-Cr ones in both Kennedy classes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Rehabilitation: Materials, Techniques and Clinical Applications)
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25 pages, 3090 KiB  
Systematic Review
Evaluation of Removable Partial Denture Metal Frameworks Produced by Digital Methods—A Systematic Review
by Pedro Conceição, Jaime Portugal and Cristina Bettencourt Neves
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10824; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app131910824 - 29 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1918
Abstract
(1) Introduction: This review aimed to synthesize the significant literature addressing digital techniques for producing removable partial denture (RPD) metal frameworks, focusing on oral fit outcomes. (2) Material and Methods: A systematic review of the Web of Science and Pubmed databases was performed [...] Read more.
(1) Introduction: This review aimed to synthesize the significant literature addressing digital techniques for producing removable partial denture (RPD) metal frameworks, focusing on oral fit outcomes. (2) Material and Methods: A systematic review of the Web of Science and Pubmed databases was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. The selection was for original articles in English containing relevant data on RPD metal frameworks produced with digital techniques, including study characteristics, digital techniques, and fit assessment methods and outcomes. (3) Results: From the 967 search studies, 405 were duplications, and 521 were excluded after screening against set criteria. A manual search included 21 studies resulting in 62 papers for review. Extra-oral was more frequently used than intra-oral scanning. The computer-assisted design was the most applied digital technique. Additive manufacturing was preferred to milling for direct and indirect fabrication of frameworks. Fit assessments were based on qualitative measures, but quantitative evaluation showed acceptable clinical fit for RPDs made by digital protocols. (4) Conclusions: The combination of direct metal additive manufacturing with conventional impression was the most used protocol and included better qualitative and quantitative fit outcomes than the other digital protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Rehabilitation: Materials, Techniques and Clinical Applications)
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