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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Fluid Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 8452

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ahmad Zeeshan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Interests: application of computational fluid dynamics; numerical techniques

Dr. Salman Saleem

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Mathematics, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
Interests: fluid mechanics; nanolfuids; energy storage; lubrications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This issue aims at providing comprehensive coverage of all aspects associated with computational fluid dynamics in practical engineering, which include simulation, coding, developing techniques, characterization, modeling, applications, etc. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a science that involves computer-based simulation and quantitative analysis of fluid flow phenomena based on conservation laws. Along with their assembly, the testing of machine parts through the use of computational fluid dynamics is essential in practical engineering. Techniques involved are the finite element method, finite volume method, spectral element method, AI techniques, and direct numerical simulation, which is used to ensure each piece of equipment is manufactured in the best of all conditions.

TOPICS

Application of CFDs in fields like cavitation, thermal analysis, Aerodynamics, etc.;
Application in biomechanics, i.e., blood flow, biomechanical devices, etc.;
Empirical modeling of physically important parameters;
New developments in numerical techniques;
Stability analysis of numerical schemes.

Dr. Ahmad Zeeshan
Dr. Salman Saleem
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

computational fluid dynamics
cavitation
thermal analysis
aerodynamics
biomechanics, blood flow
biomechanical devices
numerical techniques
numerical schemes

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 15938 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiphase Conjugate Heat Transfer Analyses on the Assembly Situation of Rotary Shaft Seals

by Jacqueline Hannss, Jeremias Grün, Christoph Olbrich, Simon Feldmeth and Frank Bauer

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 11026; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app131911026 - 6 Oct 2023

Viewed by 869

Abstract

Rotary shaft seals prevent the exchange of fluid at shaft passages. Their function and service life depend decisively on the temperature in the contact area between the sealing edge and the shaft. Since the temperature depends on both the generation of frictional heat in the contact area and the heat transfer to the surrounding sealing system, the design of the sealing system is crucial. Within the scope of this work, multiphase conjugate heat-transfer analyses were performed considering different assembly situations. The computed results were presented and contrasted to experimental data. This resulted in a valid model for predicting the temperature in the sealing system, which provided insight into the influence of the sealing surroundings on the contact temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Practical Engineering)

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17 pages, 2822 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Computational Intelligence Approach for Optimising MHD Casson Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid over the Shrinking Sheet with the Effects of Radiation

by Ahmad Zeeshan, Muhammad Imran Khan, Rahmat Ellahi and Marin Marin

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9510; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13179510 - 22 Aug 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1020

Abstract

The primary goal of this research is to present a novel computational intelligence approach of the AI-based Levenberg–Marquardt scheme under the influence of backpropagated neural network (LMS-BPNN) for optimizing MHD ternary hybrid nanofluid using Casson fluid over a porous shrinking sheet in the [...] Read more.

R d

) effects. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) showing the Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with suitable transformations. The numerical data is constructed as a reference with bvp4c (MATLAB built-in function used to solve a system of ODEs) by varying Casson fluid parameters (

β

), magnetic field (

M

), porosity (

S

), nanoparticle concentrations (

ϕ_{1} = ϕ_{2} = ϕ_{3}

), and thermal radiation (

R d

) effects across all LMS-BPNN scenarios. The numerical data-sheet is divided into 80% of training, 10% of testing, and 10% of validation for LMS-BPNN are used to analyze the estimated solution and its assessment with a numerical solution using bvp4c is discussed. The efficiency and consistency of LMS-BPNN are confirmed via mean squared error (MSE) based fitness curves, regression analysis, correlation index (

R

) and error histogram. The results show that velocity decreases as

β

grows, whereas velocity increase as

M

increases. The concentrations of nanoparticles and thermal radiations have increasing effects on

θ (0)

. To comprehend the dependability and correctness of the data gained from numerical simulations, error analysis is a key stage in every scientific inquiry. Error analysis is presented in terms of absolute error and it is noticed that the error between the numerical values and predicted values with AI is approximately

10^{- 6}

. The error analysis reveals that the developed AI algorithm is consistent and reliable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Practical Engineering)

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Figure 1

17 pages, 6569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Sphericity Coefficient on the Deposition Characteristics of Aerosol Particles on the Surface of Photovoltaic (PV) Modules: Numerical Simulation

by Chuan Wei, Yahui Wang, Yunfeng Qiu and Xiao Guo

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 8658; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13158658 - 27 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 542

Abstract

The deposition of aerosol particles has a significant impact on the output capacity of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, studying the deposition characteristics of aerosol particles on photovoltaic modules is of great importance for improving their output capacity. Particle morphology is one of the important parameters affecting the deposition characteristics of aerosol particles. This study introduces the spherical coefficient as a quantification method for characterizing the morphology of aerosol particles. Numerical simulations using FLUENT 2022 software were conducted to investigate the influence of the spherical coefficient on the deposition characteristics of aerosol particles on photovoltaic modules. The reliability of the numerical simulations was further validated through experimental studies. Based on the research, the following conclusions can be drawn: the airflow velocity near the surface of the photovoltaic panel increases from bottom to top, with the lowest wind speed recorded near the ground at a minimum value of 2.2 m/s and a maximum value of 3.89 m/s. The air pressure near the surface of the photovoltaic panel shows a decreasing trend from bottom to top, with the highest pressure recorded near the ground at a maximum value of 10 pa and a minimum value ranging from 3.33~5.56 pa. During the deposition process, the accumulation of particles increases with an increase in the sphericity factor. Furthermore, as the sphericity factor gradually increases, the distribution of particles on the surface of the photovoltaic panel becomes more dispersed, covering the entire surface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Practical Engineering)

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27 pages, 5044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study of Turbulent Flows over a NACA 0012 Airfoil: Insights into Its Performance and the Addition of a Slotted Flap

by Brian Steenwijk and Pablo Druetta

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7890; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13137890 - 5 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3402

Abstract

This work provides a comprehensive overview of various aspects of airfoil CFD simulations. The airflow around a 2D NACA 0012 airfoil at various angles of attack is simulated using the RANS SST turbulent flow model and compared to experimental data. The airfoil is then modified with a slotted flap and additionally the angle of the flap is altered. The flow model is subsequently coupled to a heat transfer model to compare the isothermal versus non-isothermal performance. The airfoil with the slotted flap shows increased

C_{L}

and

C_{D}

values compared to the standard NACA 0012. Larger flap angles further increase the

C_{L}

and

C_{D}

. The lift and drag coefficients show no difference in the non-isothermal model compared to the isothermal model, indicating the isothermal model is sufficient for this system. The 3D model without wingtips shows a similar

C_{L}

to the 2D model as it effectively has an infinite span. Adding a wingtip reduces the lift coefficient, as the air can flow around the wingtip, increasing the pressure on top of the wing. Overall, these results match the behavior expected from wing theory well, showing how CFD can be effectively applied in the development and optimization of wings, flaps, and wingtips. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Practical Engineering)

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24 pages, 7620 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of RANS Turbulence Models in Prediction of the Hydrothermal Plume in the Longqi Hydrothermal Field

by Wei Zhao, Sheng Chen, Junyi Yang and Weichang Zhou

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7496; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13137496 - 25 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 951

Abstract

In this paper, the numerical models are selected to simulate the hydrothermal plume based on the water temperature observation data of the Longqi hydrothermal field in the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Then, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved to evaluate the performance of the Realizable k-ε (rke) model and the SST k-ω (sst) model in hydrothermal plume simulation. By comparing the calculated results with the Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) observation data and the literature results, the difference in prediction performance between the two models is evaluated. Before the numerical simulation, the optimal mesh parameters are determined by considering the grid independence test. The results show that the relative difference of the maximum plume height calculated by the two models is within 5%. Compared with the CTD 05-2, the rke model calculates the root mean square error of the velocity is 0.5081, which is smaller than that of the sst model. In terms of turbulent viscosity, the rke model is in good agreement with reference value in predicting turbulent viscosity. Therefore, the turbulent viscosity distribution calculated by the rke model is more consistent with the plume development process than that calculated by the sst model. In addition, the two models have the same effect on the prediction of turbulent kinetic energy and plume temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Practical Engineering)

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17 pages, 11369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Thermal Analysis and Heat Dissipation Structure Optimization of a Propeller Driver System

by Ningchuan Lai, Ming Lv and Huachen Pan

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7495; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13137495 - 25 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1010

Abstract

The thermal performance of the propeller driver system is very important for underwater vehicles. A new kind of cylindrical heat sink is designed for a certain propeller driver system. The performances of the heat sink are analyzed, mainly using numerical methods. The thermal influences of structure parameters, such as base thickness, fins length, and fin number, are studied for the heat sink with an orthogonal experimental method. The results show that all three parameters have positive impacts on the heat dissipation of the driver. Compared with the fin numbers and the fin length, the base thickness has a relatively small impact on the working temperature of the driver. Compared to the initial design, the maximum temperature of the propeller driver drops by 22.3% with the designed novel cylindrical heat sink in the studied cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Practical Engineering)

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