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Applied Sciences
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Advances in Antimicrobial Sustainable Polymers
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Advances in Antimicrobial Sustainable Polymers

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 22317

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Luis Rojo del Olmo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros and Interdisciplinary, Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Interests: polymers; bacterial resistance; biomaterials; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Scientists, engineers, and biotechnologists are called to take urgent action providing realistic solutions to the societal challenges that are compromising the present and future generations’ well-being. Among them, bacterial resistance and sustainable development are of great importance due to their direct impact on the global economic and social burden.

Polymer science is playing a pivotal role in facing these problems by providing a new generation of bio-based materials that can be obtained from renewable resources and be modified or processed in combination with antimicrobial substances and patterned microstructures with the capacity to limit or even rid the bacterial capability to adhere, proliferate, and survive in contact with bioactive surfaces.

This Special Issue of Applied Sciences intends to focus on the most recent advances obtaining antimicrobial sustainable polymers with improved performance for application in antimicrobial food packaging, bacteriostatic textiles, barrier membranes, antifouling, and antibacterial biomaterials and polymer–drug conjugates.

Dr. Luis Rojo del Olmo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polymers
  • bacterial resistance
  • antimicrobial food packaging
  • bacteriostatic textiles
  • antifouling
  • antibacterial biomaterials
  • polymer–drug conjugates
  • barrier membranes
  • biodegradable
  • bio-based materials
  • sustainable
  • eco-friendly

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 5070 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial Behavior of Chitosan-Sodium Hyaluronate-PEGDE Crosslinked Films
by Martha Gabriela Chuc-Gamboa, Carolina María Cámara Perera, Fernando Javier Aguilar Ayala, Rossana Faride Vargas-Coronado, Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez, Diana María Escobar-García, Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas, Neith Pacheco and Julio San Román del Barrio
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1267; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11031267 - 30 Jan 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2835
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polymer that can sustain not only osteoblast adhesion and proliferation for bone regeneration purposes, but it is also claimed to exhibit antibacterial properties towards several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, chitosan was modified with sodium hyaluronate, crosslinked [...] Read more.
Chitosan is a natural polymer that can sustain not only osteoblast adhesion and proliferation for bone regeneration purposes, but it is also claimed to exhibit antibacterial properties towards several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, chitosan was modified with sodium hyaluronate, crosslinked with polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) and both osteoblast cytotoxicity and antibacterial behavior studied. The presence of sodium hyaluronate and PEGDE on chitosan was detected by FTIR, XRD, and XPS. Chitosan (CHT) films with sodium hyaluronate crosslinked with PEGDE showed a better thermal stability than pristine hyaluronate. In addition, osteoblast cytocompatibility improved in films containing sodium hyaluronate. However, none of the films exhibit antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus while exhibiting low to mild activity against Salmonella typhimurion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antimicrobial Sustainable Polymers)
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19 pages, 11284 KiB  
Article
Osseointegration of Antimicrobial Acrylic Bone Cements Modified with Graphene Oxide and Chitosan
by Mayra Eliana Valencia Zapata, José Herminsul Mina Hernandez, Carlos David Grande Tovar, Carlos Humberto Valencia Llano, Blanca Vázquez-Lasa, Julio San Román and Luis Rojo
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6528; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10186528 - 18 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2321
Abstract
Acrylic bone cement (ABC) is one of the most used materials in orthopedic surgery, mainly for the fixation of orthopedic implants to the bone. However, ABCs usually present lack of biological activity and osseointegration capacity that leads to loosening of the prosthesis. This [...] Read more.
Acrylic bone cement (ABC) is one of the most used materials in orthopedic surgery, mainly for the fixation of orthopedic implants to the bone. However, ABCs usually present lack of biological activity and osseointegration capacity that leads to loosening of the prosthesis. This work reports the effect of introducing graphene oxide (GO) and chitosan (CS), separately or together, in the ABC formulation on setting performance, mechanical behavior, and biological properties. Introduction of both CS and GO to the ABC decreased the maximum temperature by 21% and increased the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli by 87%, while introduction of only CS decreased bending strength by 32%. The results of cell viability and cell adhesion tests showed in vitro biocompatibility. The in vivo response was investigated using both subdermal and bone parietal implantations in Wistar rats. Modified ABCs showed absence of immune response, as confirmed by a normal inflammatory response in Wistar rat subdermal implantation. The results of the parietal bone implantation showed that the addition of CS and GO together allowed a near total healing bone–cement interface, as observed in the micrographic analysis. The overall results support the great potential of the modified ABCs for application in orthopedic surgery mainly in those cases where osseointegration is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antimicrobial Sustainable Polymers)
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Review

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19 pages, 1954 KiB  
Review
Antimicrobials in Dentistry
by Rana Alkattan, Luis Rojo and Sanjukta Deb
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 3279; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11073279 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3425
Abstract
Dental caries (decay) is caused by pathogenic bacterial species, which afflicts nearly a third of the world’s population from early childhood to old age. Treatment of tooth decay often involves the use of filling materials to restore the cavity; however, if untreated, it [...] Read more.
Dental caries (decay) is caused by pathogenic bacterial species, which afflicts nearly a third of the world’s population from early childhood to old age. Treatment of tooth decay often involves the use of filling materials to restore the cavity; however, if untreated, it can cause pain, infection and eventually lead to tooth loss. Since the oral environment is colonised by many different microorganisms, bacterial biofilms can form on these filling materials, contributing to secondary caries that can eventually lead to the failure of the dental restoration. Thus, preventing the formation of bacterial biofilms is an important strategy in the management of caries, which has led to research enabling antimicrobial capabilities in dental materials. Materials and pharmaceutical sciences are in a continuous race against microbial resistance but are trying to balance between beneficial biota associated with the oral cavity, and, of course, avoiding a harmful effect on tissues is challenging. This has, therefore, stemmed a substantial interest in both preventive and restorative measures that would enable limiting the formation of secondary caries, oral microbial biofilms, and the retention of tooth mineral. Thus, innovative strategies are being explored and here we present a review with a focus on strategies that can inhibit or limit the formation of bacterial biofilms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antimicrobial Sustainable Polymers)
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20 pages, 1162 KiB  
Review
Polyphenols: A Promising Avenue in Therapeutic Solutions for Wound Care
by Inês Guimarães, Sara Baptista-Silva, Manuela Pintado and Ana L. Oliveira
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(3), 1230; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11031230 - 29 Jan 2021
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 5533
Abstract
In chronic wounds, the regeneration process is compromised, which brings complexity to the therapeutic approaches that need to be adopted, while representing an enormous loss in the patients’ quality of life with consequent economical costs. Chronic wounds are highly prone to infection, which [...] Read more.
In chronic wounds, the regeneration process is compromised, which brings complexity to the therapeutic approaches that need to be adopted, while representing an enormous loss in the patients’ quality of life with consequent economical costs. Chronic wounds are highly prone to infection, which can ultimately lead to septicemia and morbidity. Classic therapies are increasing antibiotic resistance, which is becoming a critical problem beyond complex wounds. Therefore, it is essential to study new antimicrobial polymeric systems and compounds that can be effective alternatives to reduce infection, even at lower concentrations. The biological potential of polyphenols allows them to be an efficient alternative to commercial antibiotics, responding to the need to find new options for chronic wound care. Nonetheless, phenolic compounds may have some drawbacks when targeting wound applications, such as low stability and consequent decreased biological performance at the wound site. To overcome these limitations, polymeric-based systems have been developed as carriers of polyphenols for wound healing, improving its stability, controlling the release kinetics, and therefore increasing the performance and effectiveness. This review aims to highlight possible smart and bio-based wound dressings, providing an overview of the biological potential of polyphenolic agents as natural antimicrobial agents and strategies to stabilize and deliver them in the treatment of complex wounds. Polymer-based particulate systems are highlighted here due to their impact as carriers to increase polyphenols bioavailability at the wound site in different types of formulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antimicrobial Sustainable Polymers)
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23 pages, 5080 KiB  
Review
Antibacterial Bio-Based Polymers for Cranio-Maxillofacial Regeneration Applications
by Marcela Martín-del-Campo, Daniel Fernández-Villa, Gabriela Cabrera-Rueda and Luis Rojo
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8371; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10238371 - 25 Nov 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3425
Abstract
Cranio-maxillofacial structure is a region of particular interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to both its anatomical complexity and the numerous abnormalities affecting this area. However, this anatomical complexity is what makes possible the coexistence of different microbial ecosystems in the [...] Read more.
Cranio-maxillofacial structure is a region of particular interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to both its anatomical complexity and the numerous abnormalities affecting this area. However, this anatomical complexity is what makes possible the coexistence of different microbial ecosystems in the oral cavity and the maxillofacial region, contributing to the increased risk of bacterial infections. In this regard, different materials have been used for their application in this field. These materials can be obtained from natural and renewable feedstocks, or by synthetic routes with desired mechanical properties, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. Hence, in this review, we have focused on bio-based polymers which, by their own nature, by chemical modifications of their structure, or by their combination with other elements, provide a useful antibacterial activity as well as the suitable conditions for cranio-maxillofacial tissue regeneration. This approach has not been reviewed previously, and we have specifically arranged the content of this article according to the resulting material and its corresponding application; we review guided bone regeneration membranes, bone cements and devices and scaffolds for both soft and hard maxillofacial tissue regeneration, including hybrid scaffolds, dental implants, hydrogels and composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antimicrobial Sustainable Polymers)
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9 pages, 1369 KiB  
Review
Antimicrobial Poly (methyl methacrylate) with Silver Nanoparticles for Dentistry: A Systematic Review
by Flores-Arriaga Juan Carlos, García-Contreras Rene, Villanueva-Sánchez Germán and Acosta-Torres Laura Susana
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 4007; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10114007 - 10 Jun 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3959
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a widely used polymer for dental applications, and it is mainly used in the fabrication of dental prostheses. In an increasing number of these applications, the risk of suffering bacterial or fungal infection is higher than 60% among oral-prosthesis [...] Read more.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a widely used polymer for dental applications, and it is mainly used in the fabrication of dental prostheses. In an increasing number of these applications, the risk of suffering bacterial or fungal infection is higher than 60% among oral-prosthesis users. Some authors have reported the failure of other implants in the human body due to biofilm formation on the surface (mainly for total hip implants). In the dental field, the formation of bacterial and fungal biofilms on prosthesis’s surface is the etiologic factor for stomatitis, mainly caused by Candida albicans and bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as many others. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely reported, and their use in dental materials can prevent oral infections, such as candidiasis and stomatitis, and promote better oral health in dental-prosthesis users. They can even be used in other biomedical applications that require controlling biofilm formation on surfaces. In this review, the reported studies that use composites of PMMA and AgNPs (PMMA-AgNPs) for dental applications are listed and checked, with the aim of gaining a wider perspective of the use and application of this approach in the dental field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antimicrobial Sustainable Polymers)
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