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Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2022) | Viewed by 19820

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bogdan Sevastre

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Guest Editor

Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: phytotherapy; plant extracts; clinical pathology; physiopathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly unstable molecules, and they are able to interact easily with cellular structures, generating oxidative stress (OS). The influence of OS on various pathologies has been documented for decades; it is widely accepted that ROS are key signaling molecules that play a substantial role in various disorders. Over the past few decades, antioxidants of various sources have been widely used as possible remedies against OS, and studies have highlighted their significant therapeutic potency. Far from being just ROS scavengers, many of these complex biomolecules modulate various pathways involved in a wide range of pathologies, such as inflammation, cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Nowadays, synergistic treatments involving the use of antioxidants alongside classical treatments are commonly used; however, the research in the antioxidant area is far from over. Future studies elucidating the intricate influence of antioxidants on redox signaling pathways or investigating new antioxidant molecules or pharmaceutical forms with better bioavailability and long-term effects provide hope for the therapeutic treatment of many OS-related diseases.

This Special Issue aims to publish a collection of original research papers and reviews focused on various antioxidant biomolecules which are potentially beneficial in oxidative stress-related pathologies. The volume is open to both experimental and clinical studies; papers are welcome to investigate the molecular interactions between antioxidant molecules and redox signaling pathways, or other relevant mechanisms. Studies investigating newly identified antioxidant molecules or focusing on novel pharmacological forms are also encouraged.

Dr. Bogdan Sevastre
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

antioxidants
oxidative stress
reactive oxygen species
phytotherapy
metabolism
ROS

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 13124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Repeated Restraint Stress on Neuroglobin-Oligodendrocytes Functions in the CA3 Hippocampal Area and Their Involvements in the Signaling Pathways of the Stress-Induced Anxiety

by Vlad-Alexandru Toma, Bogdan Dume, Rareș Trâncă, Bogdan Sevastre, Lucian Barbu, Gabriela Adriana Filip, Ioana Roman and Alexandra-Cristina Sevastre-Berghian

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8680; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12178680 - 30 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1513

Abstract

The present work shows the biochemical and structural fundamentals for the stress induced anxiety and stress adjustment response of the CA3 hippocampus area. Adult male Wistar rats were repeatedly exposed to a 3 h day restraint stress, for either 3 or 6 days. The concentration of corticosterone and testosterone in the CA3 hippocampus area was divergent, while oxidative stress was progressively increased during the stress exposure. The mitochondrial lysis in the CA3 neurons confirmed the oxidative stress events. Immunohistochemical findings showed that oligodendrocytes (OCs) proliferation and neuroglobin (Ngb) expression were stimulated, whereas MeCP2 expression was decreased as a balance reaction in stress exposure under corticosterone signaling. Remarkably, ultrastructural changes such as mitochondrial lysis, endoplasmic reticulum swelling, and perivascular lysis with platelets adherence to endothelium in the CA3 area were seen in the 6th day of restraining. The anxiety-like behavior was noticed 6 days later after stress exposure. These results suggest that the duration of the exposure, but not the intensity of the stress, is the key factor in the stress-buffering function by the CA3 hippocampus area via up-regulation of the Ngb-OCs bionome. The imbalance of the Ngb-OCs communication may be involved in the development of CA3-dependent anxious behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases)

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14 pages, 2303 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leaf Extracts of Cistus ladanifer Exhibit Potent Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities against Liver, Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells

by Kaoutar Bouothmany, Mohammed Bourhia, Noura Aoussar, Mohammed Attaleb, Ahmad M. Salamatullah, Hiba-Allah Nafidi, Fouad Mellouki, Mohammed El Mzibri, Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud and Laila Benbacer

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8603; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12178603 - 27 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2259

Abstract

Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of C. ladanifer crude extracts, including hexane (Hex), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (E.A) and ethanol (EtOH) were investigated. The chemical composition of C. ladanifer crude extracts was determined by use of GC-MS, whereas DPPH and FRAP assays were employed to determine its antioxidant capacity. The obtained results showed that the ethanolic extract exhibited a significant antioxidant effect recording an IC₅₀ value of 266.6 ± 0.828 μg/mL with DPPH assay, and a higher reducing power 0.494 ± 0.035 using the FRAP test. The extracts exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines. The DCM extract exhibited the highest total polyphenol content (76.066 ± 9.978 μg AGE/mg) and was revealed to be more effective against HepG2 (31.54 ± 0.242 μg/mL). The Hex extract that presented the highest flavonoid content (50.209 ± 3.805 μg CE/mg) exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity against 22Rv1 and MDA-MB-231 recording IC₅₀ values 11.32 ± 2.126 μg/mL and 82.4 ± 1.124 μg/mL, respectively. All four extracts exhibited minimal toxicity against human skin-derived fibroblast cells indicating the specificity of their observed anticancer activity. GC-MS analysis identified interesting phytochemicals underlying the obtained antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Taken together, results of the current study highlight the significance of C. ladanifer as a valuable source of antioxidant and anticancer bioactive compounds, thereby warranting further detailed investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases)

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Review

Jump to: Research

17 pages, 1498 KiB

Open AccessReview

Beneficial Oxidative Stress-Related trans-Resveratrol Effects in the Treatment and Prevention of Breast Cancer

by Alessandra Quarta, Antonio Gaballo, Biswajita Pradhan, Srimanta Patra, Mrutyunjay Jena and Andrea Ragusa

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 11041; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112211041 - 22 Nov 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3328

Abstract

Resveratrol is one of the most investigated polyphenols for its multiple biological activities and many beneficial effects. These are mainly related to its ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Resveratrol has also been shown to have the ability to stimulate the production of antioxidant enzymes, which interact with numerous signaling pathways involved in tumor development, and to possess side effects associated with the use of chemotherapy drugs. In this review article we summarized the main discoveries about the impact resveratrol can have in helping to prevent, as well as adjuvant treating, breast cancer. A brief overview of the primary sources of resveratrol as well as some approaches for improving its bioavailability have been also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases)

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13 pages, 2515 KiB

Open AccessReview

Retrospecting the Antioxidant Activity of Japanese Matcha Green Tea–Lack of Enthusiasm?

by Iyyakkannu Sivanesan, Judy Gopal, Manikandan Muthu, Sechul Chun and Jae-Wook Oh

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5087; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11115087 - 31 May 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 11786

Abstract

Matcha tea is a traditional Japanese tea that is said to possess ten times higher bioactive components and polyphenols than that of conventional green teas. Matcha is remotely popular among the global community and meagerly researched and infamous among the scientific population. It is the powdered form of green tea leaves that are directly suspended in hot water and drunk without filtration. Matcha is said to be one of the richest antioxidant sources naturally available. This review summarizes the available research publications related to matcha and compares the research accomplishments of green tea and matcha researchers. The fact that green tea is backed up by 35,000 publications while matcha has merely 54 publications to its credit is highlighted in this review for the first time. The future of matcha for tapping its enormous antioxidant activity and health potentials remains connected to the volume of scientific awareness and enhanced research attention in this area. If green tea has so much to offer towards human health and welfare, there is certainly room for more benefits from matcha, which is yet to be disclosed. As public awareness cannot be won without scientific approval, this review seeks that this gap may be bridged using essential knowledge gained from matcha applications and allied research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Diseases)

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