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Clinical Applications in Orthodontic
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Clinical Applications in Orthodontic

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2022) | Viewed by 17808

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Angela Pia Cazzolla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; paediatric dentistry; rare diseases; craniofacial morphology; COVID-19 disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Domenico Ciavarella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, FG, Italy
Interests: obstructive sleep apnea; temporomandibular joint disease; orthodontics; craniofacial morphology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nunzio Francesco Testa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, FG, Italy
Interests: maxillofacial dismorphism; maxillofacial surgery; orthodontics; implantology; oral pathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Michele Di Cosola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Interests: implantology; maxillofacial dismorphism; maxillofacial surgery; oral pathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I invite you to contribute to a Special Issue of Applied Sciences entitled "Clinical Application in Orthodontic", which aims to present the most up-to-date knowledge in the diagnosis and interdisciplinary management of complex orthodontic clinical cases in both children and adults, with particular attention given to the clinical implications of the treatments performed.

In the last decade, orthodontics has seen important advances in the materials and methods used, and in clinical means, with significant implications for clinical applications, which are increasingly numerous and subject to rapid evolution. The increase in the therapeutic capacity of the orthodontist, together with the better aesthetics and tolerability of the available appliances, has made it possible to expand the "targets" of orthodontic treatments, with the possibility of dealing with different clinical situations ranging from surgical, implantology, and prosthetics problems to the management of patients affected by rare diseases or syndromes affecting the maxillofacial area or suffering from sleep-disordered breathing.

Defining the state-of-the-art knowledge in orthodontic applications paying particular attention to the most recent advances in diagnostic (3D imaging and use of 3D overlays) and therapeutic methods in the various preventive, interceptive and corrective implications would therefore be of great interest and impact to improve future research on the possible clinical and biological implications of orthodontic treatments.

Therefore, I invite you to submit your research on these topics, in the form of original research papers, reviews, and perspective articles.

Dr. Angela Pia Cazzolla
Prof. Dr. Domenico Ciavarella
Prof. Dr. Nunzio Francesco Testa
Dr. Michele Di Cosola
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • orthodontic treatment
  • craniofacial morphology
  • growth and development
  • genetics
  • class II–III malocclusions
  • open-bite malocclusions
  • deep-bite malocclusions
  • skeletal anchorage
  • orthodontic appliances
  • lingual orthodontic appliances
  • clear aligners
  • miniscrews
  • magnets in orthodontics
  • rare diseases
  • syndromes
  • craniofacial dysmorphisms
  • temporomandibular joint
  • sleep-related breathing disorders
  • COVID-19

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1140 KiB  
Article
Force of Intermaxillary Latex Elastics from Different Suppliers: A Comparative In Vitro Study
by Ivana Dubovská, Barbora Ličková, Iva Voborná, Wanda Urbanová and Magdalena Koťová
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 657; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13010657 - 3 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1732
Abstract
The main characteristic of orthodontic intermaxillary elastics is the generated force. Therefore, it is necessary to know the exact properties of elastics for clinical use and their force degradation over time. Methods: A total of 500 latex elastics of the type 3/16” Medium [...] Read more.
The main characteristic of orthodontic intermaxillary elastics is the generated force. Therefore, it is necessary to know the exact properties of elastics for clinical use and their force degradation over time. Methods: A total of 500 latex elastics of the type 3/16” Medium from the manufacturers Dentaurum, American Orthodontics, 3M, Ortho Organizers, and G&H Orthodontics were tested; 100 elastics from each. The force was measured with a force meter at time 0 and at 2, 8, 24, and 48 h. Elastics were stored being stretched three times on a 3D-printed board in an incubator at 37 °C and under controlled humidity. Shapiro–Wilk normality tests, ANOVA tests, and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used. Results: The mean initial force among the manufacturers ranged from 1.109 N to 1.550 N, with Dentaurum elastics being the closest to the declared force of 1.255 newton. The greatest force degradation occurred during the first two hours; the decrease in force within 24 h ranged from 20% to 33% among the manufacturers. The maximum decrease was observed for American Orthodontics elastics. The smallest decrease occurred between 2 and 8 h for 3M, and between 24 and 48 h for Ortho Organizers. Conclusion: Intermaxillary 3/16” Medium elastics measured in vitro differ in initial force and force degradation among individual manufacturers. The attending clinician must be aware of the basic parameters of the elastics when recommending them to patients, and measuring the initial force directly in the patient’s mouth with a force meter might be helpful. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications in Orthodontic)
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10 pages, 1337 KiB  
Article
Treatment Emergent Central Sleep Apnea Evaluation in Patients Treated with Mandibular Advancement Device
by Domenico Ciavarella, Donatella Ferrara, Angela Pia Cazzolla, Giuseppe Burlon and Michele Tepedino
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12040; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122312040 - 25 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1625
Abstract
The aim of the present cohort study was to evaluate the possible occurrence of central sleep apnea (CSA) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after treatment with a mandibular advancement device (MAD). In this case, 56 patients with OSA treated with MAD [...] Read more.
The aim of the present cohort study was to evaluate the possible occurrence of central sleep apnea (CSA) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after treatment with a mandibular advancement device (MAD). In this case, 56 patients with OSA treated with MAD were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were age over 20 years, body mass index (BMI) less than 34 kg/m2, diagnosis of OSA confirmed by polysomnography (PSG), and MAD therapy for OSA. Exclusion criteria were smoking, medications for neurological disorders or a history of cervical head injury, and comorbidities (arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, stroke, heart failure or lung disease). Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI), Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Central Sleep Apnea (CSA) and Mixed Apnea were extracted from the PSGs before (T0) and after three months of treatment (T1). Paired-sample t-tests and the Wilcoxon Signature Rank test were performed to evaluate differences in PSG indices at T1 and T0. OSA, CSA, AHI, ODI showed a noticeable reduction after MAD therapy, but a limited number of patients showed a dramatic increase in TCSA. The presence of TECSA in the course of MAD treatment is a condition that should be taken into consideration when needing to treat an OSA patient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications in Orthodontic)
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7 pages, 546 KiB  
Article
Bonding Failures of Lingual Orthodontic Brackets: A Retrospective Study Comparing Lingual Brackets with KommonBase Extensions, to Customized Lingual Brackets
by Michele Tepedino, Claude Mossaz, Didier Fillion, Paolo M. Cattaneo and Marie A. Cornelis
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4928; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12104928 - 13 May 2022
Viewed by 1302
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a clinical setting the bracket survival of lingual brackets bonded with the KommonBase system, and to compare it to the survival of a customized lingual bracket system. Two convenience samples of 13 consecutive [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a clinical setting the bracket survival of lingual brackets bonded with the KommonBase system, and to compare it to the survival of a customized lingual bracket system. Two convenience samples of 13 consecutive patients treated with lingual fixed appliances with KommonBase extensions (Group 1) and 14 consecutive patients treated with customized Incognito™ lingual fixed appliances were retrospectively enrolled (Group 2). First time debondings were recorded from the files. Data were submitted to statistical analysis and a Log-rank test was used to compare the Kaplan–Meier survival curves between the two groups. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. Lingual brackets bonded with the KommonBase system showed a failure rate of 8%, while Incognito brackets showed a failure rate of 7.1%. The Log-rank test comparing the Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.343). Most debondings occurred during the first 6 months. Upper incisors and canines were less prone to debond than premolars and molars. In conclusion, no difference in bracket survival was observed between the KommonBase system and a customized lingual appliance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications in Orthodontic)
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Review

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15 pages, 1575 KiB  
Review
A Systematic Review of Positional Plagiocephaly Prevention Methods for Patients in Development
by Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Fabio Piras, Giuseppina Malcangi, Assunta Patano, Chiara Di Pede, Anna Netti, Anna Maria Ciocia, Alberto Corriero, Alexandra Semjonova, Daniela Azzollini, Elisabetta De Ruvo, Fabio Viapiano, Irene Ferrara, Giulia Palmieri, Merigrazia Campanelli, Antonio Mancini, Nicole De Leonardis, Pasquale Avantario, Silvio Buongiorno, Maria Celeste Fatone, Stefania Costa, Valentina Montenegro, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Biagio Rapone, Ioana Roxana Bordea, Antonio Scarano, Felice Lorusso, Andrea Palermo, Daniela Di Venere, Francesco Inchingolo and Gianna Dipalmaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11172; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122111172 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3878
Abstract
Positional plagiocephaly is an asymmetrical skull deformation caused by various factors. Although it is not responsible for abnormal brain development in infants and is not related to the onset of neurophysiological problems, it is critical to prevent skull deformity to avoid aesthetic and [...] Read more.
Positional plagiocephaly is an asymmetrical skull deformation caused by various factors. Although it is not responsible for abnormal brain development in infants and is not related to the onset of neurophysiological problems, it is critical to prevent skull deformity to avoid aesthetic and functional consequences. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relevance of preventive procedures to the onset of positional plagiocephaly, such as the use of passive mattresses, which is primarily correlated with the need for newborns and infants to sleep and rest in proper posture. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched for papers that matched our topic, dating from January 2012 to 22 October 2022, with an English language restriction, using the following Boolean keywords: (“positional plagiocephaly” AND “prevention”). A total of 11 papers were included as relevant papers matching the purpose of our investigation. According to the research results, inadequate vitamin D and folic acid intake during pregnancy may increase the risk of skull deformation. Furthermore, babies should sleep on their backs and spend at least 30 min in tummy time. Using a passive sleep curve mattress has several advantages such as low cost, easy handling, no compliance system, and a marked improvement in head shape, allowing harmonious skull growth guided by normal brain expansion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications in Orthodontic)
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17 pages, 19432 KiB  
Review
The Interdisciplinary Orthodontic–Surgical Diagnostic and Treatment Protocol for Odontogenic Cyst-like Lesions in Growing Patients—A Literature Review and Case Report
by Agnieszka Nawrocka, Paulina Szelkowska, Patrycja Kossakowska and Konrad Małkiewicz
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7146; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12147146 - 15 Jul 2022
Viewed by 2291
Abstract
Tooth eruption disturbances associated with developmental odontogenic cysts represent a particular challenge in orthodontic treatment. Early diagnosis, crucial for prompt and effective therapy, is possible with a thorough radiological analysis. Three-dimensional digital images provided by CBCT are indispensable to establish an interdisciplinary orthodontic–surgical [...] Read more.
Tooth eruption disturbances associated with developmental odontogenic cysts represent a particular challenge in orthodontic treatment. Early diagnosis, crucial for prompt and effective therapy, is possible with a thorough radiological analysis. Three-dimensional digital images provided by CBCT are indispensable to establish an interdisciplinary orthodontic–surgical treatment plan. The aim of this paper is to present a case of an odontogenic cyst in a nine-year-old male patient. Particular attention is paid to radiological findings, possible therapeutic approaches and potential complications connected with an attempt to improve the alignment of teeth. Orthodontic implications associated with cysts in growing patients are widely described according to clinical observations and literature review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications in Orthodontic)
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Other

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7 pages, 787 KiB  
Brief Report
Effect of the Increasing Operator’s Experience on the Miniscrew Survival Rate
by Joanna Lis, Kornelia Rumin, Michał Sarul and Beata Kawala
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11647; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122211647 - 16 Nov 2022
Viewed by 844
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the learning curve of orthodontic miniscrew insertion in novices, unsupervised and supervised by experts. Three inexperienced orthodontists, two unsupervised (JA-S, MS) and one supervised (JŁ) by the experts, inserted 404 AbsoAnchor® miniscrews (Dentos, SH131208) [...] Read more.
The aim of our study was to determine the learning curve of orthodontic miniscrew insertion in novices, unsupervised and supervised by experts. Three inexperienced orthodontists, two unsupervised (JA-S, MS) and one supervised (JŁ) by the experts, inserted 404 AbsoAnchor® miniscrews (Dentos, SH131208) into 202 patients for en masse retraction or distalization purposes. Miniscrews were inserted symmetrically on both sides of the maxilla between the 2nd bicuspid and the 1st molar. Then, the miniscrew survival rate and the orthodontists’ learning curves were estimated. After first 40 insertions JA-S, MS, and JŁ achieved 73, 70, and 83% of stable miniscrews, respectively. The overall outcome showed that after 74 and 118 insertions, the miniscrew survival rate reached 80% and 85%, respectively, and from that point the learning curve still presented an ascending trend. The success rate increased significantly: by 1.016 times with every procedure (odds ratio = 1.016, p = 0.006). Since the success rate significantly increased after each miniscrew insertion in the buccal maxillary area, this finding might encourage hesitating clinicians to introduce the miniscrews to the daily practices. Obtained data could also help to plan an effective training system for novice orthodontists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications in Orthodontic)
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16 pages, 12242 KiB  
Systematic Review
Orthodontic Surgical Treatment of Impacted Mandibular Canines: Systematic Review and Case Report
by Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Vincenzo Carpentiere, Fabio Piras, Anna Netti, Irene Ferrara, Mariagrazia Campanelli, Giulia Latini, Fabio Viapiano, Stefania Costa, Giuseppina Malcangi, Assunta Patano, Sabino Ceci, Antonio Mancini, Carlo Lucia, Antonio Scarano, Felice Lorusso, Andrea Palermo, Anna Maria Ciocia, Francesco Inchingolo, Biagio Rapone, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Daniela Di Venere and Gianna Dipalmaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8008; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12168008 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5376
Abstract
Background: In the literature, there are few studies on included mandibular canines and possible therapeutic solutions for arch restoration. The aim of this review was to evaluate how the recovery of included mandibular canines is performed in adolescent patients with mixed or permanent [...] Read more.
Background: In the literature, there are few studies on included mandibular canines and possible therapeutic solutions for arch restoration. The aim of this review was to evaluate how the recovery of included mandibular canines is performed in adolescent patients with mixed or permanent dentition. The clinical case reported is that of successful orthodontic surgical treatment in an 11-year-old mixed-dentition patient with an included mandibular right canine. Methods: A literature search was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases with the following Boolean indicators: canine, mandibular, impacted. The inclusion criteria were year of publication between 2017 and 2022, orthodontic canine surgical approach included, age between 9 and 18 years, free full text, and English language. Results: A total of 536 articles was identified through the electronic search, and 11 articles published between 2017 and 2022 were ultimately included in the qualitative analysis. Conclusions: In the majority of cases, combined surgical–orthodontic therapy, as reported in the studies that we reviewed, is successful in correcting the eruption defect, restoring the canine to occlusion and the physiological arch perimeter, and maintaining the health of the periodontal supporting tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Applications in Orthodontic)
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