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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Flammability, Dust and Gas Explosions
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Flammability, Dust and Gas Explosions

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 10250

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Javier García Torrent

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Guest Editor
Affiliation: Laboratorio Oficial J.M. de Madariaga, Calle Eric Kandel, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,1 (Tecnogetafe), 28906 Madrid, Spain
Interests: flammability; dust explosions; spontaneous combustion; explosive atmospheres
Dr. Ljiljana Medic Pejic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Affiliation: Laboratorio Oficial J.M. de Madariaga, Calle Eric Kandel, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,1 (Tecnogetafe), 28906 Madrid, Spain
Interests: safety management; thermogravimetric analysis; coal mining; renewable energy

Special Issue Information

The use of new energy resources, the development of new processes, the increasing use of biomass products, and the incorporation of new materials pose challenges for industrial development and for industrial safety. The requirements for the safe handling of certain materials need to be approached through research and study of flammability properties, the analysis of the mechanisms that occur in the ignition process, and even the understanding of the behavior of a substance (in the form of dust or gas) if an explosion is produced and/or propagated. Properties, such as minimum ignition temperature, self-ignition temperature, minimum ignition energy, thermal behavior, explosion severity, etc., must be the starting point for any risk analysis and for the development of a safety project, including the explosion protection document required in industrial plants that have the potential risk of explosive atmospheres. A deep understanding of those processes will allow the safe handling, storage, and usage of new materials. As such, the topics in this Special Issue should include experimental results as well as mathematical models or methods based on estimation.

This Special Issue aims to collect the most innovative research in this field and define the state-of-the-art and possible further research lines on flammability and dust and gas explosions.

Prof. Dr. Javier García Torrent
Dr. Ljiljana Medic Pejic
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flammability
  • thermal behavior
  • ignition temperature
  • gas mixtures
  • particle size
  • industrial safety
  • dust explosion
  • gas explosion
  • explosive atmospheres
  • explosion protection document

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 6783 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Pyrotechnic Igniter Composition Aging on Explosion Parameters of Dispersed Dusts
by Zuzana Szabová, Richard Kuracina, Martin Sahul, Miroslav Mynarz, Petr Lepík and László Kosár
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10728; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112210728 - 13 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1928
Abstract
A commercially available pyrotechnic igniter was used according to the EN 14034 and ASTM E1226a Standards to study the explosiveness of dispersed dusts. Its pyrotechnic composition consists of 1.2 g of zirconium (40% wt.), barium peroxide (30% wt.) and barium nitrate (30% wt.). [...] Read more.
A commercially available pyrotechnic igniter was used according to the EN 14034 and ASTM E1226a Standards to study the explosiveness of dispersed dusts. Its pyrotechnic composition consists of 1.2 g of zirconium (40% wt.), barium peroxide (30% wt.) and barium nitrate (30% wt.). The energy released during the combustion of that amount of composition is 5 kJ. The article investigates the influence of aging of the pyrotechnic composition in the igniter on its initiation parameters. In the study, igniters of different years from date of manufacture were used: Igniter 1, manufactured in 2021 (less than 1 year from date of manufacture), and Igniter 2 (more than 2 years from date of manufacture). The study was performed in the KV 150M2 explosion chamber with a volume of 365 L and the 20 L sphere chamber with a volume of 20 L. A standard sample of Lycopodium clavatum was used in the KV 150M2 explosion chamber. Magnesium and benzoic acid were used as the samples in the 20 L sphere explosion chamber. The experiment showed that the explosion pressure Pmax of the igniter with more than 2 years from date of manufacture decreased by up to 10%, while the value of the explosion constant Kst decreased by up to 40%. The attained results proved that aging of igniters affects their explosion parameters and measurement accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flammability, Dust and Gas Explosions)
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18 pages, 26677 KiB  
Article
Industrial Dust Explosions. A Brief Review
by Rolf K. Eckhoff and Gang Li
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1669; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11041669 - 12 Feb 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5725
Abstract
This paper first addresses the question: what is a dust explosion? Afterwards, some specific issues are briefly reviewed: materials that can give dust explosions, factors influencing ignitability and explosibility of dust clouds, the combustion of dust clouds in air, ignition sources that can [...] Read more.
This paper first addresses the question: what is a dust explosion? Afterwards, some specific issues are briefly reviewed: materials that can give dust explosions, factors influencing ignitability and explosibility of dust clouds, the combustion of dust clouds in air, ignition sources that can initiate dust explosions, primary and secondary dust explosions, dust flash fires, explosions of “hybrid mixtures”, and detonation of dust clouds. Subsequently, measures for dust explosion prevention and mitigation are reviewed. The next section presents the case history of an industrial dust explosion catastrophe in China in 2014. In the final section, a brief review is given of some current research issues that are related to the prevention and mitigation of dust explosions. There is a constant need for further research and development in all the areas elucidated in the paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flammability, Dust and Gas Explosions)
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14 pages, 2987 KiB  
Article
Particle Size Influence on the Transport Classification Labels and Other Flammability Characteristics of Powders
by Blanca Castells, Isabel Amez, Ljiljana Medic and Javier García Torrent
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(23), 8601; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10238601 - 01 Dec 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1769
Abstract
Dust explosions and fires pose an industrial safety problem, due to the human and material losses caused by them. As many fuel processes and material transport generate powder particles, the effect of granulometry in different flammability properties has been studied to define the [...] Read more.
Dust explosions and fires pose an industrial safety problem, due to the human and material losses caused by them. As many fuel processes and material transport generate powder particles, the effect of granulometry in different flammability properties has been studied to define the relationship between both. Deep knowledge of this relationship reduces the self-ignition and self-combustion processes, and the accidents associated with these processes. In this study, six different samples, including biomass, charcoal, and dog food, are tested in three different particle sizes, so differences in their flammability behavior could be appreciated (not only considering fine particles, but also coarse samples). The transport classification test was carried out, obtaining significant results in two samples, where the same material did not self-ignite when tested at its coarse size, but it did when tested at fine particle size. Similar results were obtained when analyzing initial temperature for related-combustion gasses emission: the finer the particle size, the lower the initial temperature. To understand the heat mechanisms, thermal analyses were performed, such as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, a self-ignition risk was assessed for all samples according to their activation energy and characteristic temperature. All the test results lead to conclude that biomasses easily start self-heating process, but its composition difficult the heat transmission to reach self-ignition, while charcoals are more susceptible to self-ignition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flammability, Dust and Gas Explosions)
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