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Forage Production and Preservation Techniques for Ruminant Animal II

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 9428

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ki Choon Choi

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Guest Editor

Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan-si 31000, Korea
Interests: forage cultivation and conservation, processing; storage; utilization and nutritive value; microbial interaction in forage preservation; microbial metabolism of lactic acid bacteria (LAB); use of LAB as a starter culture, probiotics and cell factories; applications of grassland utilization; animal nutritional management; grassland environment; pasture establishment; management and cultivation; grass seed development
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Dear Colleagues,

Preservation of forage via ensiling has become a global practice because it provides a consistent, reliable, and predictable feed supply with sufficient nutrients for the ruminant’s production system. Unavoidable losses of highly digestible nutrients in plants cause respiration, microbial proteolytic activity, undesirable microbial fermentation, deamination and decarboxylation of amino acids by microbes, which may be affected the efficiency of conservation, increased energy, and nutrient losses as a result of antinutritional compound accumulations in silage samples. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been considered as a major group of starter cultures with high competitiveness that has been used in the animal feed development sectors. Further, LAB has actively contributed to enhancing the nutritional contents of silages and preserved them for long-time storage by enhancing the acidification of silages via increasing essential organic acid production.

This Special Issue aims to explore the role of lactic acid bacteria in the production of high-quality silage from grass and legume plants with potential probiotic and antimicrobial activity.

Prof. Dr. Ki Choon Choi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

fermentation
nutrition
nutritional digestibility
forage preservation
cattle pathogens
antimicrobial activity
chemical profile in silages

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1735 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Probiotic Characteristics of Ligilactobacillus salivarius AS22 Isolated from Sheep Dung and Its Application in Corn-Fox Tail Millet Silage

by Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Ilavenil Soundharrajan, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan, Kaleeswaran Balasubramanian, Mariadhas Valan Arasu and Ki Choon Choi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9447; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11209447 - 12 Oct 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1779

Abstract

The forage crops corn (Zea mays) and foxtail millet (Panicum italicum L.) are widely used as animal feed because of their high nutritive values. The ensiling of corn and foxtail millet is often associated with the growth of undesirable microbes, which cause severe loss of dry matter content during the storage periods. The selection of suitable Ligilactobacillus species for corn-fox tail millet silage production can improve the quality. In this study, we aimed to select potent lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from sheep dung and analyses their biological application such as probiotic features, antimicrobial activities and fermentation capability of silage. A total of nine Lactobacillus strains were inoculated in MRS medium to evaluate lactic acid concentration. The isolated strain, Ligilactobacillus salivarius AS22, produced a higher lactic acid level (40.2 ± 2.2 µg/mL) with high growth rates (2.24 ± 0.12 OD at 600 nm) compared to other strains. The silage treated with inoculant (L. salivarius AS22) decreased the pH value (p < 0.05) and enhanced lactic acid production (p < 0.05) than the control at ensiled silages. LAB inoculated silage had reduced numbers of fungal colonies than control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of L. salivarius AS22 improved the quality of whole corn and foxtail millet silages with significant probiotic potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forage Production and Preservation Techniques for Ruminant Animal II)

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13 pages, 531 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

A Preliminary Study on Effects of Fermented Feed Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Hanwoo Steers during the Early and Late Fattening Period

by Dahye Kim, Jeong-Sung Jung and Ki-Choon Choi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5202; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11115202 - 03 Jun 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2394

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of formulated feed (IRG: Italian ryegrass, WCC: whole crop corn, and fermented feed) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers during early and late fattening periods. Twelve Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned into two groups: control and treatment (n = 6/group). The control group received rice straw with concentrate; the Treatment group received formulated feed for 13 months. Results revealed that formulated feed supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) increased effects on dry matter (DM) intake, body weight, average daily gain, and carcass yield than control feed. Hanwoo steers fed formulated feed showed higher meat quality, carcass yield, and ribeye area than steers fed control feed. However, meat quality characteristics (such as cooking loss, fat thickness, marbling score, meat color, and crude fat), sensory characteristics, and pH values were similar between the two groups (all p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in FA compositions of steers between the two groups (p > 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that feeding Hanwoo steers with formulated feed can improve their growth efficacy, carcass yield, and meat quality characteristics during early and late fattening periods. Regarding an economic strategy, our research findings suggest that formulated feed is effective and profitable for feeding Hanwoo steers during early and late fattening periods without causing adverse effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forage Production and Preservation Techniques for Ruminant Animal II)

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Review

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15 pages, 1343 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application and Future Prospective of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Natural Additives for Silage Production—A Review

by Ilavenil Soundharrajan, Hyung Soo Park, Sathya Rengasamy, Ravikumar Sivanesan and Ki Choon Choi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 8127; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11178127 - 01 Sep 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4648

Abstract

Ensiling is one of the essential processes to preserve fodder with high nutrients and microbiological quality. The forages before ensiling have a limited number of bacteria associated with the controlled fermentation process. Undesirable microbes can grow in silages when there is not efficient fermentation. Such kinds of microbes might cause pathogenic or toxic compounds that affect animal and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to inoculate potent starter cultures. Lactic acid bacteria’s (LABs) have been considered the most prominent microbial additives used to improve the quality of silage. Currently, LABs have been used in modern and sustainable agriculture systems due to their biological potential. Recently, many scientists have increased their focus on developing nutrient-rich animal feed from forages with LAB. This current review focuses on issues related to forage preservation in the form of silages, how undesirable microbes affect the fermentation process, the critical role of LAB in silage production, and the selection of potent LABs to effectively control unwanted microbial growth and promote those which favor animal growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forage Production and Preservation Techniques for Ruminant Animal II)

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