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Advances in Harmless Disposal of Solid Waste in the Mining...
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Advances in Harmless Disposal of Solid Waste in the Mining and Minerals Industry

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 9092

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xin Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: mining engineering; cement paste backfill; mine ventilation; CFD; fiber-reinforced backfill
Prof. Dr. Xiaoshuang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Interests: mine enviroment; transferred underground mining from open-pit; mine slope engineering; ground pressure and strata control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Qiusong Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: groundwater friendly backfilling; comprehensive utilization of solid waste from mining, dressing and smelting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chen Hou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: mining engineering; cement paste backfill; solid waste disposal

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The objective of this Special Issue is to offer an updated and profound view of recent advances in the harmless disposal of solid waste in the mining and minerals industry, as well as to offer a complete view of second exploration of industrial value of solid waste.

The mining and minerals industry generate highs volumes of solid waste, such as waste rock, tailings, slags, red mud, phosphogypsum and leaching residues, etc. Many of them can be used as potential raw materials in mine backfill, cementitious material and building material, etc., “as they are” or after proper processing. The reuse of these solid wastes can reduce their environmental pollution and generate economic benefits. Moreover, it is conducive to realizing a harmless disposal of solid waste and closed-loop management of resource development and utilization.

Dr. Xin Chen
Prof. Dr. Xiaoshuang Li
Prof. Dr. Qiusong Chen
Dr. Chen Hou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mining solid waste
  • minerials solid waste
  • harmless disposal
  • mine backfill
  • tailings
  • recycling
  • green processes
  • cementitious material
  • building material
  • environment-friendly

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2155 KiB  
Article
Research on Monitoring and Early Warning of the Mine Backfill System Based on Blockchain Technology
by Xuebin Qin, Jingtao Huo, Jing Zhang, Lang Liu, Pai Wang and Lihong Dong
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 196; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13010196 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1212
Abstract
At present, the mine filling system is a mostly automated operation process, and it has many problems, such as centralized data storage and low safety performance. Aiming at solving the above problems, this paper proposes a mine filling overlimit warning system based on [...] Read more.
At present, the mine filling system is a mostly automated operation process, and it has many problems, such as centralized data storage and low safety performance. Aiming at solving the above problems, this paper proposes a mine filling overlimit warning system based on blockchain to achieve the functions of an equipment operation overlimit warning, data storage, and data retrieval. Firstly, the original data model is trained based on transfer learning to obtain the overlimit early warning model and predict the overlimit of equipment operation. Then, the interplanetary file system (IPFS) storage device is used to store the running data and overlimit data, and the corresponding file identifier CID is stored on the blockchain. At the same time, alliance chain technology is used to allow administrators and users to retrieve data based on credentials to ensure the privacy of the data retrieval process. System experiments and analysis evaluations show that the combination of blockchain and IPFS to store monitoring data can effectively save storage space and improve the efficiency of storage and retrieval. The application of an overlimit early warning model can optimize the mine filling process and prolong the operational life of system equipment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Harmless Disposal of Solid Waste in the Mining and Minerals Industry)
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14 pages, 15038 KiB  
Article
Study on a Transparent Similar Rock-Anchoring Structure under Impact Tests and Numerical Simulation Tests
by Changxing Zhu, Xu Liu, Yeming An and Weihao Zhao
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8149; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12168149 - 15 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1147
Abstract
Interface slip is one of the main failure forms of an anchor structure, but the debonding slip process of rockbolt cannot be directly observed under impact load, so it is important to study the failure mechanism of the interface debonding of an anchor [...] Read more.
Interface slip is one of the main failure forms of an anchor structure, but the debonding slip process of rockbolt cannot be directly observed under impact load, so it is important to study the failure mechanism of the interface debonding of an anchor structure. For this purpose, a kind of transparent similar rock-anchoring structure and a new rockbolt impact load test system were developed. The debonding process of the anchor structure was carried out based on the system and Particle Flow Code (PFC) simulation test. The main conclusions are as follows: Axial force of rockbolt decreases progressively from the load end to the other end, but the shear stress of the interfaces increases at the early stage and then decreases. The majority of shear stress is at I interface compared to shear stress at II interface. The crack in the transparent sample occurs first in the middle of the sample, then extends to the local position of the two interfaces and finally penetrates all cracks, and the debonding failure mode is dual-interface mixed. According to laboratory tests and PFC simulation tests, the crack growth process can be divided into three stages. The results of the PFC simulation tests are similar to those of the laboratory impact tests of rockbolt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Harmless Disposal of Solid Waste in the Mining and Minerals Industry)
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12 pages, 1965 KiB  
Article
Influence of Coupling Effects between Gravel Soil Porosity and Cement Grout Weight on Diffusion Laws and Morphologies of Penetration Grouting
by Zhiquan Yang, Yuqing Liu, Mao Chen, Xiangpeng Wang, Changwen Ye, Xiaohui Li, Wentao Chen, Yi Yang, Bojun Wang, Chengjin Li and Juntao Wang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7601; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157601 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1128
Abstract
The practice and theory of grouting engineering show that both injected medium porosity and grouting fluid weight play an important influence on the diffusion law and morphology of penetration grouting. However, the effects have not been well studied in the context of existing [...] Read more.
The practice and theory of grouting engineering show that both injected medium porosity and grouting fluid weight play an important influence on the diffusion law and morphology of penetration grouting. However, the effects have not been well studied in the context of existing penetration grouting mechanisms. In this paper, the actual diffusion law and morphology of cement grout into the gravel soil are studied on the basis of indoor experiments, mathematical statistics, and theoretical analyses. Then, the three-dimensional space diffusion trajectory equation was quantitatively characterized. The influence of the coupling effect between gravel soil porosity and cement grout weight on diffusion morphologies of penetration grouting was discussed by the definition of the morphological deviation rate. Results show that actual penetration diffusion dimensions of cement grout into the gravel soil differ from that of theoretical values calculated by the penetration grouting mechanism, and its spatial diffusion morphology is approximated as ellipsoid. The coupling effect between gravel soil porosity and cement grout weight have a relatively significant effect on the diffusion morphologies of penetration grouting except for gravel soil with porosity <0.5 infiltrated by Newton-type and <0.4 by power-law-type cement grout, respectively. This influence is particularly significant when Bingham-type cement grout was penetrated into gravel soil with a porosity of >0.5. The research results can provide theoretical support and technical references for the practical grouting engineering of gravel soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Harmless Disposal of Solid Waste in the Mining and Minerals Industry)
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13 pages, 4836 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Aluminum Dross Non-Fired Bricks with High Nitrogen Concentration and Optimization of Process Parameters
by Hongjun Ni, Weiyang Wu, Chunyu Lu, Xingxing Wang, Yu Zhu and Shuaishuai Lv
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 6133; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12126133 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
In order to solve the difficulties in the utilization of aluminum dross resources, non-fired bricks with aluminum dross with high nitrogen concentration as the main raw material were prepared. Three process parameters, including forming pressure, mixing-water amount, and aluminum dross particle size, were [...] Read more.
In order to solve the difficulties in the utilization of aluminum dross resources, non-fired bricks with aluminum dross with high nitrogen concentration as the main raw material were prepared. Three process parameters, including forming pressure, mixing-water amount, and aluminum dross particle size, were subjected to single-factor experiments. Based on the response surface method, a mathematical model was established between the process parameters and the non-fired bricks’ compressive properties, which were subjected to ANOVA. The process parameters were optimized and then verified experimentally. According to the results, the established regression model is able to accurately predict the compressive properties of non-fired bricks. The difference between the experimental value and the model’s predicted value was only 0.36%. The optimal process parameters for aluminum dross to prepare non-fired bricks are as follows: forming pressure is 18 MPa, mixing-water amount is 15% and particle size range is 80–130 mesh. The compressive strength of the prepared non-fired bricks is 24.66 MPa, which meets the requirement of MU20 non-fired bricks in Non-fired Rubbish Gangue Bricks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Harmless Disposal of Solid Waste in the Mining and Minerals Industry)
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14 pages, 5088 KiB  
Article
Column Penetration and Diffusion Mechanism of Bingham Fluid Considering Displacement Effect
by Zhiquan Yang, Dan Zhang, Chaoyue Li, Zhiwei Zhang, Yingyan Zhu, Yi Yang, Na He, Xianfu Bai, Wenfei Xi, Deming He, Yuchi Ding and Meng Zhou
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(11), 5362; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12115362 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1417
Abstract
The diffusion progress of grout is hindered by groundwater, which means the diffusion distance cannot reach the designed values required in engineering for water plugging or reinforcement. In this study, based on the generalized Darcy’s law and the continuity equation of steady column [...] Read more.
The diffusion progress of grout is hindered by groundwater, which means the diffusion distance cannot reach the designed values required in engineering for water plugging or reinforcement. In this study, based on the generalized Darcy’s law and the continuity equation of steady column penetration, a column diffusion mechanism for Bingham fluid, considering the displacement effect of grout on groundwater, is proposed. This diffusion mechanism is then validated by the penetration grouting experiments that have been previously performed. The influences of the grouting pressure, groundwater pressure, water–cement ratio and penetration coefficient of porous media on the diffusion radius are analyzed. Based on the Comsol Multiphysics platform, a three-dimensional numerical simulation program for this mechanism is developed using computer programming technology. Numerical simulations of the penetration and diffusion morphology of Bingham cement grout in porous media are then carried out. The results show that the theoretical calculation values of diffusion radius obtained from this mechanism are closer to the experimental values than those obtained from the column penetration grouting theory of Bingham fluid, without considering the displacement effect. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for practical grouting engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Harmless Disposal of Solid Waste in the Mining and Minerals Industry)
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14 pages, 3317 KiB  
Article
An Optimization Method for Mix Proportion of Wet-Mix Shotcrete: Combining Artificial Neural Network with Particle Swarm Optimization
by Bin Han, Kun Ji, Basnet Prabhat Man Singh, Jianhui Qiu and Peng Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1698; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031698 - 08 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1656
Abstract
Wet-mix shotcrete has been widely used to support roadways during the excavation of underground mining. In practice, the mix proportion of wet-mix shotcrete plays a key role in later successful application. To obtain an optimal mix proportion, a large number of trial physical [...] Read more.
Wet-mix shotcrete has been widely used to support roadways during the excavation of underground mining. In practice, the mix proportion of wet-mix shotcrete plays a key role in later successful application. To obtain an optimal mix proportion, a large number of trial physical experiments should be carried out. Therefore, in this paper, a new ANN–PSO model is proposed to obtain the mix proportion of wet-mix shotcrete quickly, precisely and economically. The artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to establish the objective functions for particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimization, while the PSO was adopted to optimize mix proportions of wet-mix shotcrete to achieve optimal objectives. This hybrid model was applied to optimize mix proportions of wet-mix shotcrete in the Jinchuan mine. The results revealed that the ANN model yielded a mean relative error (MRE) of 2.755% and an R2 of 0.980, indicating an excellent prediction to establish the reasonable objective function. Additionally, PSO spent less than 60 s obtaining an optimal mix proportion of wet-mix shotcrete required by the mine. Consequently, this ANN–PSO model can be used as an efficient design guide to facilitate decision making, prior to the construction phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Harmless Disposal of Solid Waste in the Mining and Minerals Industry)
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