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Laser Diagnostics and Its Application
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Laser Diagnostics and Its Application

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 7152

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhechao Qu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
Interests: laser spectroscopy; TDLAS sensiong; gas spectral analysis; gas metrology; combustion and gasification diagnostics
Dr. Xing Chao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: spectroscopy; laser diagnosis; combustion gas sensing technology; burner and system monitoring; breathing gas detection; environmental monitoring; measuring instruments and system development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to the Special Issue on Laser Diagnositics and Its Application.

Laser diagnostics are well-established techniques and facilitate the measurements of crucial parameters for various studies including fundamental chemistry, turbulence and fluid mechanics, combustion, reaction kinetics, and gas metrology, as well as pollution monitoring.

The development of many laser-based diagnostic techniques, such as Rayleigh and Raman scattering, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), laser-induced incandescence (LII), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and tunable diode-laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), enable quantitative interpretation of measurements in very complex situations.

In this Special Issue, we invite submissions exploring cutting-edge research and recent advances in a wide field of laser diagnostics, from fundamental research, reaction kinetics, combustion and environmental measurements, to their utilization in real-world scenarios. Both theoretical and experimental studies are welcome, as well as short communications and reviews.

Dr. Zhechao Qu
Dr. Xing Chao
Guest Editors

Related Workshop:

International Workshop on Laser Diagnostics and its Application for the Renewable Energy Sector

text

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4090 KiB  
Article
Investigations on Pressure Broadening Coefficients of NO Lines in the 1←0 Band for N2, CO2, Ar, H2, O2 and He
by Sumit Agarwal, Leopold Seifert, Denghao Zhu, Bo Shu, Ravi Fernandes and Zhechao Qu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1370; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031370 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1482
Abstract
A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS)-based spectrometer employing a mid-infrared (Mid-IR) interband cascade laser (ICL) was developed and used to determine pressure broadening coefficients of two NO absorption transitions at 1914.98 cm−1 and 1915.76 cm−1 in the fundamental (1←0) band [...] Read more.
A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS)-based spectrometer employing a mid-infrared (Mid-IR) interband cascade laser (ICL) was developed and used to determine pressure broadening coefficients of two NO absorption transitions at 1914.98 cm−1 and 1915.76 cm−1 in the fundamental (1←0) band (R11.5 Ω1/2 and Ω3/2) for CO2, N2, Ar, O2, He, and H2. For the first time, a reliable and consistent set of six different pressure-broadening coefficients for the NO line has been measured by a consistent approach covering pressures from 100 to 970 mbar at a temperature of 294 K. Air pressure broadening has been calculated based on N2 and O2 coefficients. The stated pressure-broadening coefficients for N2, CO2, Ar, H2, O2, He, and Air have relative errors in the 0.5–1.5% range. For CO2 and H2, broadening results of NO (1←0) band (R11.5 Ω1/2 and Ω3/2) lines are reported for the first time. The results are also compared to previously available literature data. It was found that the broadening coefficients for O2 and Air are in agreement with literature values, whereas results for Ar and He show larger differences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Diagnostics and Its Application)
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26 pages, 12077 KiB  
Article
Determination of Calorific Value of Mixed Coals by Analysis of Major Elements Using Data Pre-Processing in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
by Jong Hyun Park, Choong Mo Ryu, Kyung Hoon Park, Jung Hyun Choi and Seung Jae Moon
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 6; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13010006 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1146
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to enhance the accuracy of the calorific value estimation of coal by applying data preprocessing methods in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The Savitzky–Golay (SG)-smoothing and SG derivative preprocessing methods were adopted to improve the accuracy of the [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to enhance the accuracy of the calorific value estimation of coal by applying data preprocessing methods in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The Savitzky–Golay (SG)-smoothing and SG derivative preprocessing methods were adopted to improve the accuracy of the prediction model. The relationship among the original, SG-smoothing-pretreated, and SG derivative-pretreated LIBS data and their elemental concentrations were determined using the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. In order to compare the reliability of each PLSR model, the coefficient of determination, root mean square error (RMSE), relative error, and RMSE average were used. As a result, the reliability of the PLSR model processed with the SG derivative method was the highest, and the root mean square average was the lowest among the three models. The predictability of the concentration of each element using the PLSR model pre-processed by the SG derivative was confirmed with the residual predictive deviation parameter. The predicted calorific value was estimated from the predicted concentrations of elements in coal using Dulong’s equation. The PLSR model pretreated by the SG derivative showed the lowest error compared to the calorific value of mixed coals obtained via the chemical analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Diagnostics and Its Application)
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18 pages, 4443 KiB  
Article
Improving the Analysis of Sulfur Content and Calorific Values of Blended Coals with Data Processing Methods in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
by Jae Seung Choi, Choong Mo Ryu, Jung Hyun Choi and Seung Jae Moon
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12410; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122312410 - 4 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1628
Abstract
In Situ monitoring of the calorific value of coal has the advantage of reducing the amount of unburned carbon by injecting an appropriate amount of combustion air immediately to induce complete combustion. High sulfur concentrations cause severe environmental problems such as acid rain. [...] Read more.
In Situ monitoring of the calorific value of coal has the advantage of reducing the amount of unburned carbon by injecting an appropriate amount of combustion air immediately to induce complete combustion. High sulfur concentrations cause severe environmental problems such as acid rain. In order to estimate the calorific value and measure the sulfur concentration, a new powerful technique for mixed coals was studied. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) does not require sample preparation. Several blended coals were used for the experiment to replicate the actual coal-fired power plant conditions. Two well-known data processing methods in near-infrared spectroscopy have been adopted to enhance the weak sulfur emission lines. The performance of the partial least square regression model was established by the parameters such as coefficient of determination, R2, relative error, and root mean square error (RMSE). The RMSE average was compared with the results of previous studies. As a result, the values from this study were smaller by 6.02% for the calibration line and by 4.5% for the validation line in near-infrared spectroscopy. The RMSE average values for calorific values were calculated to be less than 1%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Diagnostics and Its Application)
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9 pages, 1047 KiB  
Article
Fast Simultaneous CO2 Gas Temperature and Concentration Measurements by Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
by Frank Herklotz, Tom Rubin, Malte Sinnreich, Alexander Helmke, Theodore von Haimberger and Karsten Heyne
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 5057; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12105057 - 17 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1665
Abstract
A quantum cascade laser-based sensing technique is presented which allows for in situ high-precision temperature and/or CO2 concentration measurements of gases in the room temperature regime with sampling rates up to about 40 kHz. The method is based on Boltzmann-like thermally populated [...] Read more.
A quantum cascade laser-based sensing technique is presented which allows for in situ high-precision temperature and/or CO2 concentration measurements of gases in the room temperature regime with sampling rates up to about 40 kHz. The method is based on Boltzmann-like thermally populated fundamental and hot-band rovibrational transitions of CO2 with opposite temperature dependence. Single absorption spectra at about 2350 to 2352 cm−1 are recorded by a nanosecond frequency down chirped IR pulse of a pulsed distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (intrapulse mode). The statistical uncertainty (1σ) in the temperature measurement within one laser pulse is about 1 K and can be further reduced down to about 0.1 K by time averaging over 100 ms. Online temperature and CO2 concentration measurements on a breath simulator controlled gas flow were performed to demonstrate response-time and sensitivity for an application-driven test system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Diagnostics and Its Application)
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