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Material and Environmental Isotope Geochemistry

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 8294

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elissavet Dotsika

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Guest Editor

Stable Isotope Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and nanotechnology, National Center of Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR15310 Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
Interests: isotope geochemistry applied in environmental; archaeometric and conservation as well as provenance of human materials (bones, hair, teeth)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Maria Tassi

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Guest Editor

Stable Isotope Unit, National Center of Scientific Research “Demokritos”, GR15310 Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Greece
Interests: Material and environmental characterization with analytical technics such as isotope analysis. Specifically, analyses in bones, teeth for palaecological and palaeodiet reconstruction, in food industry products (e.g. wine, milk, honey) for identification of authenticity, in ancient materials (glass, mortar) for investigating their origin and in waters for examining the hydrogeological processes and for palaeoclimate reconstruction. Construction of iso-databases and the statistical analysis of them

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to highlight advances made in tracing materials through various stable isotope tracers. Specifically, it aims to: a) investigate the provenance of ancient/historic materials such as marbles, mortars, glass, bones etc., b) diagnose the damage through weathering and/or decay mechanisms of historic materials, c) reconstruct palaeoclimate, d) verify the origin of geofluids-pollution and e) study traceability and authenticity of food products. Authors are invited to submit their original research papers that will cover the field of material and environmental isotope fingerprinting, in order to shed light on the complex problems of materials’ provenance and/or pollution processes on them.

Dr. Elissavet Dotsika
Dr. Maria Tassi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

stable isotopes
materials provenance
ancient materials
geofluids and geothermy
natural products

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1873 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Hydrothermal Calcite Precipitation in Veins: Inspired by Experiments for Oxygen Isotope Fractionation between CO₂ and Calcite from 1 °C to 150 °C

by Yuichi Morishita

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5610; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13095610 - 01 May 2023

Viewed by 1459

Abstract

The oxygen isotope ratios of minerals are important for estimating the formation temperature of hydrothermal deposits. Calcite is generally found in most mining districts. The oxygen isotope ratio of hydrothermal calcite in isotopic equilibrium with a fluid depends on that of the fluid as well as the formation temperature. The isotope ratios of calcite are generally determined to measure the isotope ratios of CO₂ generated via reaction with 100% phosphoric acid at 25 °C. This is why the oxygen isotope fractionation between CO₂ and calcite at 25 °C is required to conduct the procedure. When using other carbonate minerals such as dolomite, ankerite, and siderite, the reaction requires higher temperatures. Therefore, the oxygen isotope fractionation between CO₂ and calcite at higher temperatures should be known because the laboratory standard sample of carbonates is usually calcite. Here, the oxygen isotope fractionation in CO₂ during the reaction of calcite with phosphoric acid at temperatures between 1 °C and 150 °C was thoroughly determined in the first half, and the value can be represented by the following equation: 1000 lnα = 0.494 (10⁶/T²) + 4.64. The experiments raised questions such as the equilibrium vs. kinetics issue in isotopic reactions in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. The raised issue is discussed in the second half based on the findings of previous isotope studies in deposits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material and Environmental Isotope Geochemistry)

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15 pages, 2225 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Silver Isotopes in Silver Suggest Phoenician Innovation in Metal Production

by Tzilla Eshel, Ofir Tirosh, Naama Yahalom-Mack, Ayelet Gilboa and Yigal Erel

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 741; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12020741 - 12 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2683

Abstract

The current study presents Ag isotopic values of 45 silver artifacts with known Pb isotopic composition from the Southern Levant. These items originate from seven pre-coinage silver hoards, dating from the Middle Bronze Age IIC to the end of the Iron Age (~1650–600 BCE). These are the earliest silver artifacts analyzed for Ag isotopes; all former studies were performed on coins. All the sampled silver in this study contains relatively unfractionated Ag (−2 ≤ ε¹⁰⁹Ag ≤ 1.5) that was more likely produced from hypogene, primary Ag-bearing minerals (e.g., galena and jarosite) and not from native, supergene silver. Four of the sampled hoards containing silver from Anatolia and the West Mediterranean (Iberia and Sardinia) are associated with the Phoenician quest for silver (~950–700 BCE). A significant amount of this Phoenician silver (12/28 items) plots within a narrower range of −0.5 ≤ ε¹⁰⁹Ag ≤ 0.5. This is in contrast to non-Phoenician silver, which mostly underwent some degree of fractionation (16/17 items ε¹⁰⁹Ag ≥ I0.5I). The results suggest that while all silver was exploited from primary ore sources, the Phoenicians dug deeper into the deposits, reaching ore minerals that did not undergo any weathering-associated fractionation. The results also call for further investigation regarding the influence of sealing and bundling in silver hoards on post-depositional fractionation of Ag isotopes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material and Environmental Isotope Geochemistry)

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18 pages, 2981 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Stable Isotope and Radiocarbon Analysis for Diet, Climate and Mobility Reconstruction in Agras (Early Iron Age) and Edessa (Roman Age), Northern Greece

by Elissavet Dotsika, Maria Tassi, Petros Karalis, Anastasia Chrysostomou, Dimitra Ermioni Michael, Anastasia Elektra Poutouki, Katerina Theodorakopoulou and Georgios Diamantopoulos

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 498; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010498 - 05 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2163

Abstract

In this article we present an isotopic analysis of human bone collagen (δ¹³C_col, and δ¹⁵N_col) and bone apatite (δ¹³C) for diet reconstruction, as well as δ¹⁸O_ap of human bone apatite for climate reconstruction, using samples from Northern Greece. Radiocarbon dating analysis was conducted on three of the Agras samples and the results (from 1000 to 800 BC) correspond to the Early Iron Age. Isotopic values for δ¹³C_col range from −20.5‰ to −16‰ and for δ¹⁵N_col from 6‰ to 11.1‰—a strong indication of a C3-based diet, with contributions by C4 and freshwater fish elements. The results were compared to the ones from Roman Edessa, and Alexandreia (a contemporary city near Edessa), as well as to other Early Iron sites in Greece and wider Europe. In general, the results from Agras are in good agreement with the results from Northern Greece, with the exception of the Makriyalos site, and are quite close to those of Croatia’s and Hungary’s sites. Additionally, from the δ¹⁸O_ap results we calculated the oxygen isotopic composition of consumed water for Agras (from −9.6‰ to −10.9‰) and for Roman Edessa (from −9.6‰ to −11.2‰) for the palaeoclimate and palaeomobility reconstruction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material and Environmental Isotope Geochemistry)

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10 pages, 963 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Oxygen Isotope Phosphoric Acid Fractionation Factor and Uncertainty on the δ¹⁸O Measurements of Calcite

by Paola Iacumin, Mattia Rossi and Gianpiero Venturelli

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 10094; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app121910094 - 08 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1068

Abstract

At present, the isotope ratio ¹⁸O/¹⁶O (in the text expressed as δ¹⁸O) of carbonate (

{CO}_{3}^{2 -})

is usually determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry measuring the

{CO}_{2 gas}

produced dissolving the [...] Read more.

At present, the isotope ratio ¹⁸O/¹⁶O (in the text expressed as δ¹⁸O) of carbonate (

{CO}_{3}^{2 -})

is usually determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry measuring the

{CO}_{2 gas}

produced dissolving the

{CO}_{3}^{2 -}

-bearing substance in concentrated

H_{3} {PO}_{4}

. As with any analytical data, the δ¹⁸O values of carbonate are also affected by uncertainty which must be considered mainly when data from different laboratories are compared. Usually, scientific papers report only repeatability and/or reproducibility of analytical results, which, have scarce significance for data comparison. With the aim of evaluating the overall uncertainty for new analytical data for low-Mg calcites, in this paper we reconsidered the δ¹⁸O data, which are reported in the literature. Two kinds of uncertainty must be taken into account: (1) that due to the calibration of the delta values using international standards (prediction uncertainty), (2) that due to small differences in the chemistry of low-Mg calcites. The two uncertainties must be added when comparing data produced in the same or different laboratories. We found that this overall uncertainty cannot be lower than about 0.2‰. Thus, uncertainty lower than 0.2‰, sometimes reported in the literature, is misleading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Material and Environmental Isotope Geochemistry)

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