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Applied Sciences
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Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Medical Diagnosis
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Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Medical Diagnosis

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2021) | Viewed by 6453

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lorenzo Spinelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests:
(1) Photon migration in the time domain:
• development of innovative instrumentations for photon migration measurements in time domain;
• development of new analysis methods;
• application to different research fields.
(2) Biomedical diagnostics:
• Spectroscopy, with the aim of reconstructing the optical properties of the diffusive medium at different wavelengths;
• Imaging, with the aim of reconstructing images of optical inhomogeneities embedded in diffusing media: non-invasive diagnostic of breast tumours, “optical mammography”, and monitoring of the brain activity, “functional imaging”.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an optical technique allowing to investigate the optical properties of biological tissues, namely, the absorption coefficient and diffusion coefficient. In particular, from the absorption coefficient, it is possible to extract information about tissue composition, while from the diffusion coefficient, we have information about tissue microstructure. There are three main approaches for the implementation of NIRS: continuous-wave (CW), frequency-domain (FD), and time-domain (TD). Each of these approaches has its peculiarities, with advantages and disadvantages. In general, however, thanks to its non-invasiveness, its capabilities to penetrate the biological tissues in depth (some centimeters), and technological progresses in optical components, allowing the realization of more and more compact and cheap systems, NIRS is more and more applied in the clinical environment, also in the imaging version. The organs or compartments that have been investigated with NIRS range from the brain cortex, to breast, muscles, bone, heart, lung, etc. Typically, the main aim of these studies is to characterize a healthy condition, in order to find fingerprints that could identify and distinguish it from a pathological one, allowing in this way the diagnosis of some disease. This Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences, “Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Medical Diagnosis” is dedicated to reporting recent advances in the exploitation of NIRS, regardless of the approach (CW, FD, TD), as a diagnostic tool in medical applications. To this respect, of great relevance is the problem of performance standardization for clinically-oriented NIRS systems. Contributions on this issue are also welcome.

Dr. Lorenzo Spinelli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Diffuse near infrared spectroscopy
  • Time resolved near infrared spectroscopy
  • Frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy
  • Medical Applications
  • Clinical practice
  • Patients
  • Medical and biological imaging
  • Tissue diagnostics
  • Tissue characterization
  • Standardization protocols
  • Optical mammography
  • Brain diseases
  • Tissue oximetry
  • Tissue oxygen saturation
  • Cerebral blood flow
  • Neuromonitoring
  • Acute ischemic stroke
  • Large vessel occlusion
  • Revascularization
  • Term infant
  • Rehabilitation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 877 KiB  
Article
Time-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Subjects with Asymptomatic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
by Giacomo Giacalone, Marta Zanoletti, Rebecca Re, Davide Contini, Lorenzo Spinelli, Alessandro Torricelli and Luisa Roveri
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(5), 2407; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11052407 - 09 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2208
Abstract
Biomarkers of microcirculation dysfunction may help in the study of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Time-Domain Near-Infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS), estimating the oxygenation of microcirculation of cerebral outer layers, might indirectly correlate with CSVD. We retrospectively evaluated TD-NIRS data from healthy subjects with age [...] Read more.
Biomarkers of microcirculation dysfunction may help in the study of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Time-Domain Near-Infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS), estimating the oxygenation of microcirculation of cerebral outer layers, might indirectly correlate with CSVD. We retrospectively evaluated TD-NIRS data from healthy subjects with age ≥ 55 years; no history of brain disease; normal neurological examination; absence of stenosis > 50% of extra/intra-cranial arteries; incidental finding of asymptomatic CSVD at brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). According to Fazekas scale, subjects were classified by presence of white matter hyperintensities in periventricular region (pvWMHs), deep white matter region (dWMHs), or both (d+pvWMHs). We compared the concentration of hemoglobin species and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) among these groups. The study included 20 subjects, median age 67.5 (IQR 61–78) years old (6 without WMHs, 5 with pvWMHs, 9 with d+pvWMHs). Subjects with d+pvWMHs had significantly lower StO2 compared to subjects without WMHs (p = 0.022) or with pvWMHs (p = 0.004). StO2 < 56.7% indicated the presence of d+pvWMHs with 91% sensitivity and 67% specificity [AUC 91% (CI 95% 78–100%)]. In this preliminary study, cerebral TD-NIRS detected significantly lower StO2 in subjects with radiological signs of asymptomatic CSVD. Further studies are needed to evaluate if StO2 might represent a marker of asymptomatic CSVD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Medical Diagnosis)
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8 pages, 1586 KiB  
Article
Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation Monitoring during Spinal Surgery in Order to Identify Patients at Risk for Cerebral Desaturation
by Sniedze Murniece, Martin Soehle, Indulis Vanags and Biruta Mamaja
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(6), 2069; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10062069 - 19 Mar 2020
Viewed by 3742
Abstract
Background: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices are non-invasive and monitor cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) continuously. NIRS interventional protocol is available in order to avoid hypoxic brain injury. Methods: We recruited patients scheduled for spinal surgery (n = 44). rScO2 [...] Read more.
Background: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices are non-invasive and monitor cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) continuously. NIRS interventional protocol is available in order to avoid hypoxic brain injury. Methods: We recruited patients scheduled for spinal surgery (n = 44). rScO2 was monitored throughout the surgery using INVOS 4100 cerebral oximeter. If the rScO2 values dropped more than 20% below baseline, or there was an absolute drop to below 50%, NIRS interventional protocol was followed. Results: In two patients rScO2 decreased by more than 20% from baseline values. In one patient rScO2 decreased to below 50%. NIRS protocol was initiated. As the first step, correct head position was verified–in one patient rScO2 increased above the threshold value. In the two remaining patients, mean arterial pressure was raised by injecting Ephedrin boluses as the next step. rScO2 raised above threshold. Patients with desaturation episodes had longer medium time of the operation (114 ± 35 versus 200 ± 98 min, p = 0.01). Pearson’s correlation showed a negative correlation between rScO2 and duration of operation (r = −0.9, p = 0.2). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed blood loss to be a strong predictor for possible cerebral desaturation (Area under the curve (AUC): 0.947, 95%CI: 0.836–1.000, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Patients with higher blood loss might experience cerebral desaturation more often than spinal surgery patients without significant blood loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Medical Diagnosis)
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