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Applied Sciences
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Renewable Energy Systems 2019
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Renewable Energy Systems 2019

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 16993
Related Special Issue: Renewable Energy Systems 2021

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Francesco Calise

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: fuel cells; advanced optimization techniques; solar thermal systems; concentrating photovoltaic/thermal photovoltaic systems; energy saving in buildings; solar heating and cooling; organic Rankine cycles; geothermal energy; dynamic simulations of energy systems; renewable polygeneration systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Massimo Dentice D'Accadia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, Naples, Italy
Interests: advanced energy system; solar heating and cooling; combined heat and power (CHP); energy efficiency; renewable energy; energy policy; geothermal energy; biomass and waste-to-energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Vicidomini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: solar thermal systems; concentrating photovoltaic/thermal photovoltaic systems; energy saving in buildings; solar heating and cooling; solar desalination; geothermal energy; dynamic simulations of energy systems; renewable polygeneration systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

On behalf of the journal Applied Sciences, it is our honor and pleasure to inform you that we are preparing a Special Issue dedicated to “Renewable energy systems” and we would like to invite you to submit a review or research paper on this topic.

In the last few years, several countries have experienced a dramatic increase of the overall energy demand. Simultaneously, greenhouse gas emissions are increasing, determining an increase of meteorological catastrophic events in several parts of the world. In this framework, several countries agreed on the necessity to develop a novel sustainable energy paradigm and to perform all the actions required to limit the increase of the Earth’s average temperature. This goal can be achieved through different strategies: developing novel efficient energy conversion systems, promoting energy efficiency and a more conscious use of energy, promoting the development of renewable energy sources. As a consequence, during the past decades, a special effort was made by several countries for the development of novel and innovative energy systems, mainly based on renewable sources. Such effort determined a number of positive effects, such as energy diversification, reduction of pollutant emissions, development of local green economies, and many others. On the other hand, the large non-programmable amount of renewable energy delivered to the electric grids poses severe issues in terms of management of excess energy and balance between demand and supply. This phenomenon is determining an increasing cost of the management of electric grids, which is typically transferred to the final consumer.

In this context, this Special Issue aims at collecting the most significant and recent studies dealing with the integration of renewable technologies into new or existing water, electricity, heating, and cooling networks. You are encouraged to submit manuscripts analyzing the possible utilization of renewables for multiple purposes (power production, heating, cooling, water management, transports), aiming at increasing the diffusion of such sources into our energy systems. Papers investigating novel electrical and thermal storage systems, as well as the adoption of electrical vehicles, are welcome, too.

The topics of primary interest include but are not limited to:

  1. Energy planning
  2. Polygeneration systems based on renewables
  3. Advanced thermal storage
  4. Advanced electrical storage: compressed air energy storage (CAES), flying wheels, supercapacitors, etc.
  5. District heating and cooling systems
  6. Water pumping by renewables
  7. Thermally driven water desalination
  8. Electrically driven water desalination
  9. Integration of renewables with transportation, electrical vehicles
  10. System dynamic simulation
  11. Integration of renewable systems in buildings
  12. Control strategies and system management
  13. Economical assessment and funding policies
  14. Building dynamic simulation

Prof. Francesco Calise
Prof. Massimo Dentice d'Accadia
Dr. Maria Vicidomini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy systems
  • energy saving
  • electrical and thermal storage
  • simulation
  • nexus energy–water

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2299 KiB  
Article
Thermoeconomic Optimization of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System for Decentralized Application
by Alexandros Arsalis and George E. Georghiou
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(24), 5450; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9245450 - 12 Dec 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2179
Abstract
A small-scale, decentralized hybrid system is proposed for autonomous operation in a commercial building (small hotel). The study attempts to provide a potential solution, which will be attractive both in terms of efficiency and economics. The proposed configuration consists of the photovoltaic (PV) [...] Read more.
A small-scale, decentralized hybrid system is proposed for autonomous operation in a commercial building (small hotel). The study attempts to provide a potential solution, which will be attractive both in terms of efficiency and economics. The proposed configuration consists of the photovoltaic (PV) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) subsystems. The fuel cell subsystem is fueled with natural gas. The SOFC stack model is validated using literature data. A thermoeconomic optimization strategy, based on a genetic algorithm approach, is applied to the developed model to minimize the system lifecycle cost (LCC). Four decision variables are identified and chosen for the thermoeconomic optimization: temperature at anode inlet, temperature at cathode inlet, temperature at combustor exit, and steam-to-carbon ratio. The total capacity at design conditions is 70 and 137.5 kWe, for the PV and SOFC subsystems, respectively. After the application of the optimization process, the LCC is reduced from 1,203,266 to 1,049,984 USD. This improvement is due to the reduction of fuel consumed by the system, which also results in an increase of the average net electrical efficiency from 29.2 to 35.4%. The thermoeconomic optimization of the system increases its future viability and energy market penetration potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Systems 2019)
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16 pages, 943 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Coupling of a Hybrid Power Plant with a Water Generation System
by Amanda del Moral and Fontina Petrakopoulou
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(23), 4989; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9234989 - 20 Nov 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2314
Abstract
This paper presents the design and analysis of an energy/water system that combines a 20 MW hybrid concentrated solar/biomass power plant with an advanced wastewater treatment facility. Designed to be installed in one of the most demanding areas of the Iberian Peninsula, the [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design and analysis of an energy/water system that combines a 20 MW hybrid concentrated solar/biomass power plant with an advanced wastewater treatment facility. Designed to be installed in one of the most demanding areas of the Iberian Peninsula, the Spanish region of Andalusia, this plant seeks to provide the area with potable water and electricity. The solar block works with a mixture of molten salts, while the biomass backup system of the power plant uses olive pomace. The implementation of a direct potable reuse facility further enhances the sustainability of the project. Urban sewage from the region is collected and passed through a series of purification procedures in order to generate potable water ready to be directly blended into the water distribution system. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the feasibility of the co-generation of electricity and water in the area. With a capacity factor of 85% and an annual operation of 7,446 hours, the hybrid solar/biomass power plant generates 148.92 GWh. Exergetic analyses have been realized for two extreme cases: exclusive use of the solar block and exclusive use of the biomass system. An overall plant exergetic efficiency of 15% is found when the solar block is used and an efficiency of 34% is calculated when the biomass support system is used. Following an economic analysis, a total investment of 211,526,000 € is required for the full implementation of the system with a resulting levelized cost of energy of 0.25 €/kWh. We find that the selling price of the generated potable water which makes the plant operation economically viable is found to be 14.61 €/m3. At present, this price seems relatively high in view of current conditions; yet it is expected to become more realistic under future heightened water scarcity conditions, especially in arid regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Systems 2019)
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19 pages, 1704 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Evaluation of AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid Planning Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Entropy Weight Method
by Guopeng Zhao and Dong Wang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(18), 3843; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9183843 - 12 Sep 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2761
Abstract
The comprehensive evaluation of AC/DC hybrid microgrid planning can provide reference for the planning of AC/DC hybrid microgrids. This is conducive to the realization of reasonable and effective microgrid planning. Aiming at comprehensive evaluation of AC/DC hybrid microgrids, this paper establishes an evaluation [...] Read more.
The comprehensive evaluation of AC/DC hybrid microgrid planning can provide reference for the planning of AC/DC hybrid microgrids. This is conducive to the realization of reasonable and effective microgrid planning. Aiming at comprehensive evaluation of AC/DC hybrid microgrids, this paper establishes an evaluation index system for planning of AC/DC hybrid microgrids. This paper combines the subjective evaluation method with the objective evaluation method, and proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of AC/DC hybrid microgrid planning based on analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method. Finally, the validity and rationality of the evaluation method are verified by an example. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Systems 2019)
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19 pages, 8112 KiB  
Article
Changes of Photovoltaic Performance as a Function of Positioning Relative to the Focus Points of a Concentrator PV Module: Case Study
by Henrik Zsiborács, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, András Vincze, István Háber, Philipp Weihs, Sandro Oswald, Christian Gützer and Gábor Pintér
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(16), 3392; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9163392 - 17 Aug 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2450
Abstract
This article examines the positioning features of polycrystalline, monocrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules relative to the focus points of concentrator photovoltaic modules under real meteorological conditions using a dual tracking system. The performance of the photovoltaic modules mounted on a dual-axis tracking system [...] Read more.
This article examines the positioning features of polycrystalline, monocrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules relative to the focus points of concentrator photovoltaic modules under real meteorological conditions using a dual tracking system. The performance of the photovoltaic modules mounted on a dual-axis tracking system was regarded as a function of module orientation where the modules were moved step by step up to a point where their inclination differed by 30° compared to the ideal focus point position of the reference concentrator photovoltaic module. The inclination difference relative to the ideal focus point position was determined by the perfect perpendicularity to the rays of the sun. Technology-specific results show the accuracy of a sun tracking photovoltaic system that is required to keep the loss in power yield below a defined level. The loss in power yield, determined as a function of the measurement results, also showed that the performance insensitivity thresholds of the monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon modules depended on the direction of the alignment changes. The performance deviations showed clear azimuth dependence. Changing the tilt of the modules towards north and south showed little changes in results, but inclination changes towards northwest, southwest, southeast, and northeast produced results diverging more markedly from each other. These results may make the planning of solar tracking sensor investments easier and help with the estimate calculations of the total investment and operational costs and their return concerning monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic systems. The results also provide guidance for the tracking error values of the solar tracking sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Systems 2019)
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19 pages, 1822 KiB  
Article
Research on Multi-Energy Coordinated Intelligent Management Technology of Urban Power Grid Under the Environment of Energy Internet
by Xin Wang, Xiangyu Kong, Zhijun E, Fangyuan Sun and Changzhi Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(13), 2608; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9132608 - 27 Jun 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3263
Abstract
Integrated energy systems (IES) are an important physical carrier of the energy Internet, which undertakes the tasks of energy conversion, distribution, and storage of electricity, heat and cold. From the perspective of energy Internet, this paper studies the optimal operation scheduling of an [...] Read more.
Integrated energy systems (IES) are an important physical carrier of the energy Internet, which undertakes the tasks of energy conversion, distribution, and storage of electricity, heat and cold. From the perspective of energy Internet, this paper studies the optimal operation scheduling of an urban power grid with a high proportion of clean energy and proposes a multi-energy coordinated intelligent management method for the urban power grid. Firstly, the structure and typical characteristics of urban energy Internet are researched. On this basis, the regulatory capacity of the adjustable generator set and the regenerative equipment is used to offset the volatility of renewable energy, the internal operating system, and network stable operation constraints are considered. To solve the model, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is used. Finally, a real-time power grid example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Systems 2019)
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16 pages, 4348 KiB  
Article
A Coordinated Dual-Channel Wide Area Damping Control Strategy for a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Used for Suppressing Inter-Area Oscillation
by Guowei Cai, Xiangsong Chen, Zhenglong Sun, Deyou Yang, Cheng Liu and Haobo Li
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(11), 2353; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9112353 - 08 Jun 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3033
Abstract
Using a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), with an additional active or reactive damping controller, is a new method of suppressing the inter-area oscillation of a power system. However, using active power modulation (APM) may decrease the damping of the shaft oscillation mode of [...] Read more.
Using a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), with an additional active or reactive damping controller, is a new method of suppressing the inter-area oscillation of a power system. However, using active power modulation (APM) may decrease the damping of the shaft oscillation mode of a DFIG and the system damping target cannot be achieved through reactive power modulation (RPM) in some cases. Either single APM or RPM does not consider system damping and torsional damping simultaneously. In this paper, an active-reactive coordinated dual-channel power modulation (DCPM) damping controller is proposed for DFIGs. First, considering the electromechanical parts and control structure of the wind turbine, an electromechanical transient model and an additional damping controller model of DFIGs are established. Then, the dynamic objective function for coordinating the parameters of the additional damping controller is proposed. The ratio between the active power channel and reactive power channel modulation is derived from the parameters optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the designed strategy is verified by comparing it with a traditional, simple damping controller design strategy. Standard simulation system examples are used in the comparison. Results show that the DCPM is better at maximizing the damping control capability of the rotor-side controller of a DFIG and simultaneously minimizing adverse effects on torsional damping than the traditional strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Systems 2019)
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