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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Smart Manufacturing and Materials Ⅱ
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Smart Manufacturing and Materials Ⅱ

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 8869

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marek Placzek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Engineering Processes Automation and Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Interests: piezoelectricity; vibration damping; mechatronic systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the era of industry transformation in line with the concept of Industry 4.0, modern manufacturing technologies and modern materials are becoming a subject of interest for an increasing number of scientists, engineers and businesses. Increasing production efficiency and flexible changes to the assortment of products and their personalization pose new challenges. However, modern technologies and materials allow for increasingly rapid development of industry and a change in the way people work as well as their role in production processes. Efficiency, flexibility and production speed translate into increased competitiveness and the reduction of production costs. To achieve this, modern manufacturing technologies are used, including additive manufacturing, systems based on virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, autonomous robots, simulations, and systems integration. Operations on large data sets and cloud computing are becoming necessary, and the industrial Internet of Things is gaining importance, but cybersecurity is also becoming a key element. All these issues are inextricably linked with the concept of modern, smart manufacturing and smart factories.

The concept of increasingly intelligent materials often also refers to the materials used in manufactured products, and as elements of the production systems themselves. Smart materials are gaining in popularity, and are being increasingly used in the modern world. Their applications open completely new paths of technological development and create new possibilities. This leads to the development of modern devices and technologies, and allows the development of new, previously unattainable solutions. It is extremely important to develop concepts and assumptions for action and research in laboratory conditions and on real objects of innovative systems based on the use of smart materials. At the same time, the modeling of technical means in which smart materials are used due to the complexity of the phenomena occurring in them is a complex task. However, the correct description of a given device in the form of a mathematical model, at the design stage, is, the basic condition for its proper operation. The development of mathematical models and algorithms for the analysis and determination of the characteristics of technical measures containing such materials is therefore an important element of scientific research.

For this Special Issue, I invite the submission of original papers and reviews of scientific papers presenting innovative solutions in the field of smart technologies and smart materials. Issues concerning modeling, testing, and applications can be presented. I encourage you to publish studies containing the results of conceptual work and laboratory and real object tests, to present issues including the use of modern modeling and simulation methods.

If you have any questions or doubts, you can contact me by email.

Prof. Dr. Marek Placzek
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • smart technology
  • smart materials
  • simulation
  • modeling
  • analysis
  • testing
  • big data
  • autonomous robots
  • system integration
  • industrial IoT
  • cybersecurity
  • cloud computing
  • additive manufacturing
  • reverse engineering
  • virtual and augmented reality
  • artificial intelligence
  • piezoelectric transducers
  • electrostatic materials
  • magnetostrictive materials
  • shape memory materials
  • variable viscosity liquids
  • thermoelectric materials
  • light emitting materials

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 7086 KiB  
Article
Methodology Proposal and 3D Model Creation of a Car Steering Wheel
by Miriam Fandáková, Michal Palčák and Pavol Kudela
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8054; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13148054 - 10 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1151
Abstract
Currently, the largest milestone to successfully bring products to market is to shorten the production time interval, so the production of any product should be very fast. Customers are far more demanding and recently prefer the option to customize products. A key element [...] Read more.
Currently, the largest milestone to successfully bring products to market is to shorten the production time interval, so the production of any product should be very fast. Customers are far more demanding and recently prefer the option to customize products. A key element in the development of prototypes and the overall shortening of the production process is rapid prototyping, an integral part of which is virtual modeling. Modeling is completed through explicit or parametric 3D CAD software. This article proposes a methodology for creating a 3D virtual model of a car steering wheel and then creates an assembled spatial model in real size. Attention is focused on the theoretical knowledge of the problem, the specification of dimensions, the number of assembly members and the selection of a suiTable 3D CAD application in which the steering wheel is modeled. Many specific software features are also described that are not standardly used and make a significant contribution to a more design-attractive output. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Manufacturing and Materials Ⅱ)
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17 pages, 4698 KiB  
Article
The Phenomenon of Loss of Energy Flux Density in Pneumatic and Electromagnetic Generators for EPAT Therapy
by Michał Sawicki, Michał Maćkowski and Marek Płaczek
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12939; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122412939 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1386
Abstract
Shock wave therapy involves introducing an acoustic wave into the living organism, whose pro-healing effect promotes the decomposition of stones and calcareous deposits. To generate such a wave, devices converting electrical energy into shock wave energy are used. Two versions of radial wave [...] Read more.
Shock wave therapy involves introducing an acoustic wave into the living organism, whose pro-healing effect promotes the decomposition of stones and calcareous deposits. To generate such a wave, devices converting electrical energy into shock wave energy are used. Two versions of radial wave generators dominate the market: pneumatic and electromagnetic. The quality of the generator components and the design solutions significantly affect the amount of shock wave energy received. In the literature, there is a belief that, unfortunately, due to design limitations, it is not possible to obtain the same portion of energy for increasingly higher frequencies of generating wave pulses. The current study presents the results of a series of experiments carried out on two test benches. Two types of the wave generator were tested: pneumatic and electromagnetic. The obtained results clearly show that the mentioned problem occurs in both types of shock wave generators, regardless of whether it is a pneumatic or electromagnetic solution. This study discusses, in detail, the principle of operation of each type of generator and proposes a hypothesis on the source of the phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Manufacturing and Materials Ⅱ)
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14 pages, 1723 KiB  
Article
The Study of the Influence of Temperature and Low Frequency on the Performance of the Laminated MFC Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
by Tolera G. Degefa, Marek Łukasz Płaczek and Grzegorz Kokot
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12135; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122312135 - 27 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1373
Abstract
MFC (Microfiber composite) piezoelectric transducers are one of the smart composite materials used among others in alternative energy sources and autonomous wireless sensors which exploit vibrational energy. This work presents the theoretical and experimental investigations of the integration of MFC piezoelectric transducers on [...] Read more.
MFC (Microfiber composite) piezoelectric transducers are one of the smart composite materials used among others in alternative energy sources and autonomous wireless sensors which exploit vibrational energy. This work presents the theoretical and experimental investigations of the integration of MFC piezoelectric transducers on epoxy glass fiber composite material and explores the capacity of power generation based on a variety of ambient temperatures and frequencies. The study examined the use of ambient vibrational energy to power small electronic devices of wireless sensor networks which eliminates the need for external power, periodic battery replacement costs, and chemical waste from conventional batteries. The test was conducted using a laboratory stand equipped with a thermal chamber and an Instron ElectroPulse waveform generator which induces a concentric cyclic load to the laminated beam. Laminated MFC was loaded with a low–frequency range, controlled displacement under different moderate temperatures. The test was conducted at temperatures ranging from 25 to 60 degrees Celsius and at frequencies ranging from 5 to 25 Hz. The results show that the voltage generated by the transducer is highly affected by both temperature and frequency of excitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Manufacturing and Materials Ⅱ)
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14 pages, 5178 KiB  
Article
A Smart Handheld Welding Torch Device for Manual Spot Laser Welding
by Murat Reis and Emre Şerifağaoğlu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11137; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122111137 - 02 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2412
Abstract
In producing custom-made systems, using a robotic welding line that can fine-tune welding parameters is not economical, and laser welding is usually done manually. The most common operator error in manual welding operations is the angular positioning error between the laser beam and [...] Read more.
In producing custom-made systems, using a robotic welding line that can fine-tune welding parameters is not economical, and laser welding is usually done manually. The most common operator error in manual welding operations is the angular positioning error between the laser beam and the plate surface. This study introduces a smart handheld welding torch device that assists the welding operator with visual warnings. It measures the sheet surface angle to eliminate angular positioning errors, calculates the appropriate torch holding angles accordingly, and helps the laser welding process with the right angle. For this purpose, this study focused on micro-laser spot welding applications of stainless (inox) kitchen and hotel equipment, and the effect of angular positioning errors on the welding quality was investigated experimentally. Experiments show that when the angle between the surface normal and the welding torch is smaller than the critical welding angle, heat-induced traces or micro-deformations occur on the visible surface of the thin stainless material. In addition, there is a significant decrease in the weld quality, since a large enough weld area cannot be created at large values of this angle. The optimum torch angle range was determined using experimental results for the available laser welding parameters. With a standard welding torch and the smart torch, the welding operator was allowed to repeat the same task, and the payloads of the samples prepared in this way were measured. Test results show that using a smart welding torch with an angular positioning assist system significantly improves welding quality. Breaking force values vary in a wide range of welds made with a standard welding torch, and visual problems such as burning, puncture, and swelling are encountered on the visible surfaces of many samples with high strength values. When the developed smart torch was used, the breaking force remained within the desired reference range, and no visual defects were found in any sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Manufacturing and Materials Ⅱ)
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20 pages, 5563 KiB  
Article
Parametric Optimization of Nozzle Turbine Vane Modal Characteristics by Means of Artificial System
by Rafał Robak, Mirosław Szczepanik and Sebastian Rulik
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9724; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12199724 - 27 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1639
Abstract
Modal analysis is a fundamental assessment in the design phase of a nozzle guide vane in a low pressure turbine system. Evaluation is crucial for new concept design but also in case of design modification. The technical requirement is to ensure appropriate durability [...] Read more.
Modal analysis is a fundamental assessment in the design phase of a nozzle guide vane in a low pressure turbine system. Evaluation is crucial for new concept design but also in case of design modification. The technical requirement is to ensure appropriate durability level (number of flight cycles) and the reliability of the system. An understanding of dynamic behavior is one of the key elements in the high cycle fatigue (HCF) evaluation. Finite element method (FEM) analyses are widely used in new product introduction phases to verify modal characteristics with respect to operating range and engine orders (forcing function, excitation). In the process used 2D representation of the nozzle guide vane approximated by axisymmetric and plane stress with thickness FEM plain elements. The optimization process used geometrical parameters (nozzle outer band and casing shell) and surrogate models to find optimal solutions from a frequency placement perspective. A sensitivity analysis and optimization process revealed casing shell thickness to be a major contribution in the modal response and weight. Excluding casing shell parameters led to a lower frequency shift with respect to the reference configuration. The presented optimization framework is very robust and time effective in completing the optimization task together with a sensitivity analysis for the defined design domain. An FEM model validation of the surrogate model showed consistency in the modal analysis results. A promising solution from the component weight standpoint is the optimization with hook position and leaning only. A future research recommendation is to study an extended parameter range to reduce weight impact for this set. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Manufacturing and Materials Ⅱ)
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