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Applied Sciences
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Advanced Health Monitoring Technologies for Steel and Concrete Structures
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Advanced Health Monitoring Technologies for Steel and Concrete Structures

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 7631

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yiching Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
Interests: structural health monitoring (SHM); wireless sensors; structural engineering; nondestructive testing of concrete; stress wave propagation
Dr. Chia-Chi Cheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
Interests: nondestructive test; bridge monitoring; stress waves; engineering materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Health monitoring of full-scale civil infrastructures is important because it can provide operators with information on gradual or sudden changes in the status of the structure. The development of health monitoring technology for steel and concrete structures has grown considerably due to significant advances in microchip manufacturing, wireless communications, sensors, signal analysis, and artificial intelligence. Structural health monitoring usually requires the deployment of different types of sensors at appropriate structural locations to collect long-term monitoring data. The results of data processing and structural mechanical behavior analysis can be used to evaluate whether the structure has deteriorated. The health monitoring of full-scale civil infrastructures still faces many challenges, such as changes in environmental conditions, improvement of monitoring systems and signal quality, efficient processing of big data, analysis of complex load conditions, and progress of system identification and numerical methods.

This Special Issue will be dedicated to advanced health monitoring technologies for steel and concrete structures. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • SHM of buildings and bridges;
  • Numerical modeling;
  • Static and dynamic monitoring;
  • Environmental effects;
  • Wireless sensors;
  • Edge computing;
  • Analysis of big data;
  • System identification;
  • Data-driven approach.

Prof. Dr. Yiching Lin
Dr. Chia-Chi Cheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • health monitoring
  • steel and concrete structures
  • numerical modeling
  • wireless sensors
  • edge computing
  • system identification
  • data-driven approach

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 5524 KiB  
Article
Attenuation and Frequency Characteristics of Acoustic Waves in Steel and Synthetic Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: 3D-PCT and Unsupervised Pattern Recognition
by Sena Tayfur and Ninel Alver
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12976; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122412976 - 17 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1685
Abstract
In heterogeneous materials such as concrete, deterioration of the elastic wave—which acoustic emission technique (AET) is based on—is one of the research objects in the field. While many studies reveal that the wave is deteriorated due to the concrete content and deterioration of [...] Read more.
In heterogeneous materials such as concrete, deterioration of the elastic wave—which acoustic emission technique (AET) is based on—is one of the research objects in the field. While many studies reveal that the wave is deteriorated due to the concrete content and deterioration of AE signals causes erroneous data interpretation, a limited number of them have suggested eliminating the effects of this problem. For this reason, contributing to the existing literature, this paper proposes to correct AE signals for fiber-reinforced concrete, which is a highly heterogeneous material, by 3D-PCT (Parameter Correction Technique) developed with new approaches in the authors’ previous study for concrete. First, the attenuation properties of concrete samples, including different types and amounts of fibers, were revealed within this scope. Contour maps showed that the type and amount of fiber are effective on elastic wave attenuation. Then, the samples were tested under flexure, and AE results were compared with mechanical findings after parameter correction. The effectiveness of the proposed correction method was verified by separating fiber activities from concrete cracking activities for the first time in the literature with weighted peak frequency and partial power. In this way, by successfully matching the fiber activities, which were revealed after the correction, with the crack development times obtained from frequency-based unsupervised pattern recognition, it was seen that a more accurate AE interpretation could be made with parameter correction. Moreover, corrected AE parameters also provided to propose a new inference for identifying a relationship between the amplitude and energy loss of the AE signals and the type of damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Health Monitoring Technologies for Steel and Concrete Structures)
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19 pages, 3564 KiB  
Article
Practical Implementation of Recursive Subspace Identification on Seismically Excited Structures with Fixed Window
by Shieh-Kung Huang, Fu-Chung Chi and Yuan-Tao Weng
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 10841; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122110841 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1105
Abstract
As one of the most catastrophic natural disasters worldwide, earthquakes and their effect on structures are very important to structural health monitoring (SHM), particularly for the ones living around the Pacific ring of fire. In this regard, SHM techniques with real-time or online [...] Read more.
As one of the most catastrophic natural disasters worldwide, earthquakes and their effect on structures are very important to structural health monitoring (SHM), particularly for the ones living around the Pacific ring of fire. In this regard, SHM techniques with real-time or online processing can be used to identify states of structures, track modal parameters, provide a warning message about damage, and help post-earthquake reconnaissance and rehabilitation. For instance, a recursive formulation based on subspace identification (SI) has been demonstrated that it is capable to track system changes. In this study, a recursive subspace identification (RSI) algorithm with a fixed window is proposed to investigate the time-varying dynamic characteristics under seismic excitations. Subsequently, some suggestion is described and discussed for practical implementation. For verifying the proposed algorithm, different datasets from full-scale experiments are applied to examine its applicability. In other words, the practicability of implementing RSI in real-time or online has been developed and examined in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Health Monitoring Technologies for Steel and Concrete Structures)
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16 pages, 2043 KiB  
Article
A Unified Equation for Prediction of Concrete Strength at Various Ages Using the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity
by Yung-Chiang Lin, Yiching Lin and Chia-Chi Cheng
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8416; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12178416 - 23 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1779
Abstract
Using ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing has long been regarded as an effective approach for evaluating concrete strength; however, because of the influence of numerous factors (e.g., mixture proportion, type of coarse aggregate, pozzolanic admixture, and age of the concrete), the relationship between [...] Read more.
Using ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing has long been regarded as an effective approach for evaluating concrete strength; however, because of the influence of numerous factors (e.g., mixture proportion, type of coarse aggregate, pozzolanic admixture, and age of the concrete), the relationship between UPV and concrete strength cannot be conclusively determined, thus hindering the application of this approach. The objective of this paper is to develop a unified equation for prediction of concrete strength at various ages using the ultrasonic pulse velocity. Firstly, this study investigated the relationship between the UPV evolution index and the strength evolution index of normal concrete with various mixture proportions, coarse aggregate types, and ages. Subsequently, the influence of adding pozzolanic materials on this relationship was considered. The experimental results showed that excellent correlation between the UPV evolution index and the strength evolution index was found and a unified equation was established in this study through regression analysis to represent the relationship between the UPV and the strength evolution index. Finally, the applicability of the unified equation was verified by data obtained from different studies. The results indicated that for all concrete specimens more than 3 days old, the error of the strength estimation decreased to within ±15%, demonstrating that this unified equation has substantial value for application in decision-making processes for major construction procedures (e.g., applying post tensioning or removing formwork supports). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Health Monitoring Technologies for Steel and Concrete Structures)
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15 pages, 2608 KiB  
Article
Experimental Research of the Structure Condition Using Geodetic Methods and Crackmeter
by Jacek Sztubecki, Szymon Topoliński, Maria Mrówczyńska, Baki Bağrıaçık and Ahmet Beycioğlu
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6754; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12136754 - 3 Jul 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1726
Abstract
The article presents an approach to monitoring the structure’s condition with two measurement methods: the SHM-X crackmeter and the classic geodetic method of determining displacements, supplemented with additional information on the condition of the external environment obtained from thermal images. The study aimed [...] Read more.
The article presents an approach to monitoring the structure’s condition with two measurement methods: the SHM-X crackmeter and the classic geodetic method of determining displacements, supplemented with additional information on the condition of the external environment obtained from thermal images. The study aimed to propose an approach combining geodetic and non-geodetic methods of assessing the condition of a structure and its effectiveness in practical application. The research facility is a public utility building of the Bydgoszcz University of Technology with a reinforced concrete structure. Objects of this type require periodic tests of their constancy. Interpreting the test results and identifying possible dangerous states that may indicate the risk of a construction failure is extremely important. The results presented in the article are an extension of the previous ones, in which several factors that could have a destructive effect on the structure were excluded. Observation of the object showed that only the reinforced construction plate is deformed. The only factor influencing the change in structure geometry is thermal changes. As part of the tests in places where cracks were noticed, the SHM-X crackmeter was used to measure the cracks’ opening. In the geodetic research, measurements of the measurement and control network displacement were carried out, in which the TDRA6000 laser station measurement technology was used. The control points were also placed in places where the width of the cracks was directly observed. The proposed approach, with the applied calculation scheme and supplementing the information with the temperature measurement with thermal images, showed the submillimeter accuracy of the determined 3D displacements of the controlled points. Additionally, the parallel application of these methods gives a complete picture of changes in the structure elements, in which signs of destruction appear under the influence of stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Health Monitoring Technologies for Steel and Concrete Structures)
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