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Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications
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Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2022) | Viewed by 34694

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ivelina Desseva

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Guest Editor
Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Interests: food chemistry; food analysis; biological activity; antioxidants; analytical methods; bioaccessibility; bioavailability; simulated food digestion methods; bioactive peptides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dasha Mihaylova

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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Interests: biological activity; antioxidants; analytical methods; phytochemistry; bioaccessibility; food chemistry; fruit quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The food that we consume has never received as much attention as it does today. More and more people pay attention to their menu and demand added value to the products they use. The so-called bioactive compounds include diverse groups of molecules that may influence the human body’s functions. While most of the scientific community is focused on the health-promoting compounds, we should keep in mind that there are others that may harm. That is why high-quality research on food-related bioactive compounds is very much needed. Plant, animal and marine samples are traditionally studied sources. Additionally, with the entry of edible insects, the research on their health effects is also perspective. However, this is only one piece of the big picture. The next step is to evaluate the influence of gastrointestinal digestion. Although a complex process, it is worth exploring deeper in that direction. Undoubtedly, a lot of data have been published so far, but fortunately, there is still room for further updates. In this regard, this Special Issue aims to gather original research papers or state-of-the-art reviews on the advances in the extraction of any valuable compounds, from traditional or alternative sources, with potential food application. Highlights on the bioavailability and further applications are also welcomed. 

Dr. Dasha Mihaylova
Dr. Ivelina Desseva
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • food bioactive compounds
  • biological activity
  • extraction
  • bioaccessibility and bioavailability
  • antioxidants and antimicrobials
  • plant, animal, marine, and insect sources
  • health effects

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Published Papers (14 papers)

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13 pages, 1272 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Activities of Honey from Pittosporum undulatum Vent. Naturalized in the Azores Archipelago (Portugal)
by Soraia Santos, Miguel Maia, Ana Barros and Irene Gouvinhas
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1788; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031788 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1388
Abstract
Pittosporum undulatum Vent. is an invasive species scattered across all of the Azores’s Islands. Identifying processes to obtain economic returns from the plant is of great interest. This work aims to evaluate honey from P. undulatum from the Azores by determining its phenolic [...] Read more.
Pittosporum undulatum Vent. is an invasive species scattered across all of the Azores’s Islands. Identifying processes to obtain economic returns from the plant is of great interest. This work aims to evaluate honey from P. undulatum from the Azores by determining its phenolic content and biological activities, to enhance its value and equate its potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and/or pharmaceutical industries. Herein, the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. Furthermore, and for the first time, anti-aging capacity was determined in honey samples. The total phenols content revealed values from 20.82 to 112.13 mg GA/100 g, from 10.25 to 103.26 mg GA/100 g for ortho-diphenols, and from 2.94 to 40.96 mg CAT/100 g for flavonoids content. Regarding the antioxidant capacity, the values ranged from 0.05 to 2.27 mmol Trolox/100g. Concerning the anti-aging capacity, promising results were obtained, namely for tyrosinase inhibitory capacity, with values ranging between 4.36% and 9.37%, while the values of elastase inhibitory capacity ranged from 37.52% to 45.88%. This study allowed us to understand the phytochemicals and biological activities of honey from P. undulatum, enhancing the possible health benefits, namely for potential anti-aging treatment, valorizing, at the same time, a national food product. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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16 pages, 1032 KiB  
Article
Papain Hydrolysates of Lupin Proteins with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities
by Alexandra Garmidolova, Ivelina Desseva, Dasha Mihaylova, Hafize Fidan, Margarita Terziyska and Atanas Pavlov
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12370; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122312370 - 02 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1637
Abstract
Dietary proteins are no longer just nutritional ingredients in our food. During hydrolysis, some of the released peptides may possess properties that favor the health of the human body. In our study enzymatic hydrolysis of lupin proteins was performed using papain. Three enzyme-to-substrate [...] Read more.
Dietary proteins are no longer just nutritional ingredients in our food. During hydrolysis, some of the released peptides may possess properties that favor the health of the human body. In our study enzymatic hydrolysis of lupin proteins was performed using papain. Three enzyme-to-substrate ratios were set for three different duration times. The SDS-PAGE of the samples was performed. Each hydrolysate was studied for the degree of hydrolysis (DH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities (AOA, according to four spectrophotometric methods). The DH varied from 9.06 ± 0.20 to 27.97 ± 0.37%. According to the results, the best AOA was measured by the ABTS method (from 0.76 ± 0.03 to 1.15 ± 0.46 M TE/100 g protein). All the hydrolysates displayed AChE inhibitory activity (IC50), which varied between 155.58 ± 1.87 and 199.63 ± 0.41 mg/g protein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of lupin protein hydrolysates. In conclusion, lupin proteins prove to have a high potential to serve as a source of bioactive peptides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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19 pages, 1190 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Biological Activities and Phenolic Content between Fresh and Steamed Sargassum fusiforme in Different Extraction Solvents
by Hyun-Hwa Lee, Jin-Sol Kim, Jun-Han Jeong, Sook-Young Lee and Chun-Sung Kim
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12161; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app122312161 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1169
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme (SF), a perennial brown, is often steamed for consumption. SF contains many bioactive compounds; however, the effect of steaming these compounds is unknown. This study investigates phenolic component contents and antioxidant and antiaging activities of fresh (SF) and steamed (SSF) extracts [...] Read more.
Sargassum fusiforme (SF), a perennial brown, is often steamed for consumption. SF contains many bioactive compounds; however, the effect of steaming these compounds is unknown. This study investigates phenolic component contents and antioxidant and antiaging activities of fresh (SF) and steamed (SSF) extracts in different solvents (95% ethanol, 95% methanol, hot water). Total polyphenol and flavonoid content was highest in SSF methanol (9.76 mg TAN/g) and SF methanol extracts (13.42 mg QUE/g). The DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in SF methanol extracts (IC50 = 5.83 μg/μL), whereas the FRAP activity was higher in SSF extracts. Methanol SSF extract exhibited higher SOD, CAT, and APX activities. Collagenase inhibition activity was higher in all SSF extracts, whilst tyrosinase inhibition activity was highest in SSF methanol extract (30.5%). Analysis of phenolic compound contents revealed that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid content was highest in SF methanol extract, whilst steaming increased naringenin and naringin contents in ethanol extracts. Finally, antioxidant activity of both extracts showed a positive correlation with polyphenol content. Overall, these results suggested that SSF ethanol and methanol extract had higher phenolic component content and antioxidant and antiaging activities. Thus, SSF can be potentially used in health functional foods and cosmetic products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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20 pages, 1978 KiB  
Article
Effects of Laser Irradiation at 488, 514, 532, 552, 660, and 785 nm on the Aqueous Extracts of Plantago lanceolata L.: A Comparison on Chemical Content, Antioxidant Activity and Caco-2 Viability
by Lucia Camelia Pirvu, Sultana Nita, Nicoleta Rusu, Cristina Bazdoaca, Georgeta Neagu, Corina Bubueanu, Mircea Udrea, Radu Udrea and Alin Enache
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(11), 5517; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12115517 - 29 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1548
Abstract
In this study, six laser radiation (488 nm/40 mW, 514 nm/15 mW, 532 nm/20 mW, 552 nm/15 mW, 660 nm/75 mW, and at 785 nm/70 mW) were tested on the aqueous extracts of leaves of Plantago lanceolata L. to compare extraction efficacy and [...] Read more.
In this study, six laser radiation (488 nm/40 mW, 514 nm/15 mW, 532 nm/20 mW, 552 nm/15 mW, 660 nm/75 mW, and at 785 nm/70 mW) were tested on the aqueous extracts of leaves of Plantago lanceolata L. to compare extraction efficacy and antioxidant and cell viability effects in vitro. Briefly, in comparison with the control extract, laser extracts at 488, 514, 532, and 552 nm revealed small acquisitions of total extractible compounds in samples (up to 6.52%; laser extracts at 488 and 532 nm also revealed minerals and micro-elements increases (up to 6.49%); the most prominent results were obtained upon Fe (up to 38%, 488 nm), Cr (up to 307%, 660 nm), and Zn (up to 465%, 532 nm). Laser extracts at 488, 514, 552, and 785 nm proved more intense antioxidant capacity than the control sample, while laser extract at 660 nm indicated clear pro-oxidant effects. Caco-2 cells study indicated stimulatory activity for the extracts at 488 nm, no effects at 532 nm, and the decrease of the cell viability in the case of extracts at 660 nm respectively. Further studies are necessary to understand the pro-oxidant effects observed in the case of extracts exposed to laser radiation at 660 nm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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12 pages, 1759 KiB  
Article
Production and Chemical Characterization of Exopolysaccharides by Antarctic Yeasts Vishniacozyma victoriae and Tremellomycetes sp.
by Snezhana Rusinova-Videva, Manol Ognyanov, Yordan Georgiev, Margarita Kambourova, Aleksandar Adamov and Vasilena Krasteva
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1805; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12041805 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2507
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by two Antarctic yeasts isolated from Livingston Island. The species were identified as Vishniacozyma victoriae (V) and Tremellomycetes sp. (T) based on a molecular genetic analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 regions of the 18S rRNA gene. The [...] Read more.
The study aimed to investigate exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by two Antarctic yeasts isolated from Livingston Island. The species were identified as Vishniacozyma victoriae (V) and Tremellomycetes sp. (T) based on a molecular genetic analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 regions of the 18S rRNA gene. The EPS production was investigated under stress conditions in culture flasks and a bioreactor. Different chromatographic (HPLC-RID, HPSEC-RID) and spectral (FT-IR) analyses were employed to characterize EPSs. Tremellomycetes sp. accumulated 7 g/L biomass and 4.5 g/L EPS after 120 h of cultivation. The total carbohydrate content of V-EPS and T-EPS was 75.4% and 79.0%, respectively. The EPSs mainly consisted of mannose (30–32%), which was followed by glucose, xylose, galactose, and small amounts of uronic acids (6.3–7.0%). EPSs had appreciable amounts of proteins (11–12%). The FT-IR spectra contained absorption bands typical for hetero-mannans and β-glucans (797–1033 cm−1). EPSs were heterogeneous with a broad molecular weight distribution range (47 × 104–68 × 104 g/mol). In conclusion, both yeasts synthesized high-molecular-weight heteromannans, and Tremellomycetes sp. stood out as being a better producer than V. victoriae. The current study also formed a basis for a better assessment of the potential for practical application of EPSs and yeasts in biochemical engineering and biotechnology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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13 pages, 1864 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect and Potential Antioxidant Role of Kakadu Plum Extracts on Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Damage in HepG2 Cells
by Reshmi Akter, Gi-Young Kwak, Jong Chan Ahn, Ramya Mathiyalagan, Zelika Mega Ramadhania, Deok Chun Yang and Se Chan Kang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 236; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12010236 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4731
Abstract
Serial alcohol consumption causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which can lead to fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum) is an indigenous fruit of Australia, which is utilized as a functional food. It is a commercially important antioxidant as it contains [...] Read more.
Serial alcohol consumption causes alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which can lead to fatty liver, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum) is an indigenous fruit of Australia, which is utilized as a functional food. It is a commercially important antioxidant as it contains a more eloquent level of ascorbic acid than other oranges. In this study, we analyzed the chemical constituents of vitamin C, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and daidzin via High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the Kakadu plum from two different regions including the Northern Territory (NT) and Western Australia (WA), and compared their biochemical properties. The vitamin C content was much higher (almost 70%) in Kakadu plum (KKD) from the NT than WA. Moreover, ROS generation was inhibited significantly in HepG2 (human hepatoma) cells with the KKD-NT extract treatment when compared to the KKD-WA extract treatment. The cytotoxicity produced by ethanol was significantly suppressed in response to the treatment with both of the samples. In addition, our samples (KKD-NT and KKD-WA) increased the activity of two key enzymes involving alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) that metabolize ethanol. These results show the biochemical confirmation of the mechanism by which KKD exhibits its biological functions including relief from alcohol hangovers as well as protection of the liver cells by the suppression of ROS production and toxic insults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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16 pages, 1522 KiB  
Article
Bioactivity Potential of Industrial Sunflower Meal Ethanol-Wash Solute Obtained as Waste from Protein Isolation Process
by Petya Ivanova, Ivan G. Ivanov, Yulian Tumbarski, Hristo Kalaydzhiev, Ivayla N. Dincheva and Vesela I. Chalova
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 11007; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112211007 - 20 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1729
Abstract
Industrial sunflower meal is rich in secondary metabolites, which negatively influence the quality and functional properties of respective protein isolates. To reduce their quantity, sunflower meal was subjected to a four-step treatment with 75% aqueous ethanol solution. The ethanol-wash liquids were collected, concentrated, [...] Read more.
Industrial sunflower meal is rich in secondary metabolites, which negatively influence the quality and functional properties of respective protein isolates. To reduce their quantity, sunflower meal was subjected to a four-step treatment with 75% aqueous ethanol solution. The ethanol-wash liquids were collected, concentrated, and freeze-dried to prepare powdery sunflower meal ethanol-wash solute (SEWS). Otherwise considered waste from the main process of protein isolation, the SWES was turned into a novel product containing macrocomponents, microelements, and bioactive compounds. It was found to be rich in carbohydrates (62.14%), lipids (7.73%), and bioactive compounds such as phenols (16.38%) and flavonoids (4.41%). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analyzes revealed prevalence of sucrose (14.01%), linoleic acid (12.10%), and chlorogenic acid (85.41%) based on total ion current (TIC) of polar, nonpolar, and phenolic compounds, respectively. The SEWS was found to be rich in microelements with iron (259.02 mg/kg) and copper (109.36 mg/kg) being the highest amounts. The product contained 0.10 mg/kg selenium. Scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals increased with the increase in SEWS concentrations and reached 52.3% and 69% for 0.05% SEWS when dissolved in water and 70% ethanol, respectively. The highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (52.4%) was achieved at 0.1% SEWS. For all studied concentrations (0.005% to 0.1%), the SEWS exhibited a higher inhibition capacity than mannitol, which was used as a positive control. The SEWS demonstrated inhibiting properties against Gram (+) Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens PM-YT and Fusarium moniliforme ATCC 38932 fungus. The obtained results outline the SEWS as a natural product with bioactive properties that might be useful in the agriculture, food, and nutraceutical industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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12 pages, 598 KiB  
Article
Phenolic Compound Composition and Biological Activities of Fractionated Soybean Pod Extract
by Marzena Pabich, Beata Marciniak and Renata Kontek
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10233; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112110233 - 01 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2041
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the potential of dry extracts from soybean pods as a source of bioactive compounds. The phenolic compound composition of the extract (E) and fraction (F1-F3) as well as their respective lipophilicity were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to determine the potential of dry extracts from soybean pods as a source of bioactive compounds. The phenolic compound composition of the extract (E) and fraction (F1-F3) as well as their respective lipophilicity were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. The biological activity as measured by antioxidant and cytotoxic activity was also evaluated. The in vitro anticancer potential of the ethanolic extract and fraction of soybean pods was measured through MTT assay using human colorectal carcinoma (HTC-116) and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines. The F2 fraction, with medium lipophilicity, produced the most pronounced cytotoxic effect in PC-3 cells. Analysis of Pearson’s correlation demonstrated a high relationship between the content of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions, and cytotoxic activity towards PC-3 cells. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis of soybean pod extract resulted in putative identification of 50 polyphenols belonging to three different chemical families (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other polyphenols), the first time such an analysis has been performed. Among the fractions with variable lipophilicity, fraction F2 was the most abundant in phenolic compounds. This was confirmed in the quantitative analysis, as a result of which the highest total content of phenolic compounds was found in the extract (E) and fraction F2. Soybean pods might be useful material for obtaining preparations with anti-radical and anti-cancer properties. They can also be an active food additive or a component in dietary supplements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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17 pages, 1290 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Chemical and Sensorial Evaluation of Dark Chocolate Bars
by Ylenia Pieracci, Roberta Ascrizzi, Luisa Pistelli and Guido Flamini
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 9964; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11219964 - 25 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2029
Abstract
As it mimics olfactory perception, headspace analysis is frequently used for examination of products like chocolate, in which aroma is a key feature. Chemical analysis by itself, however, only provides half the picture, as final consumer’s perception cannot be compared to that of [...] Read more.
As it mimics olfactory perception, headspace analysis is frequently used for examination of products like chocolate, in which aroma is a key feature. Chemical analysis by itself, however, only provides half the picture, as final consumer’s perception cannot be compared to that of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) port, but rather to a panel test assessment. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of combined chemical (by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction and GC-MS) and panel test data (by means of a sensory evaluation operated by 6 untrained panelists) obtained for 24 dark chocolate bars to assess whether these can discriminate between bars from different brands belonging to different commercial segments (hard discount, HD; supermarket, SM; organic bars, BIO). In all samples, with the only exception of one supermarket bar (in which esters exhibited the highest relative abundance), pyrazines were detected as the most abundant chemical class (HD: 56.3–74.2%; BIO: 52.0–76.4%; SM: 31.2–88.9%). Non-terpene alcohols, aldehydes, and esters followed as quantitatively relevant groups of compounds. The obtained data was then subjected to hierarchical cluster (HCA) and principal component (PCA) analysis. The statistical distribution of samples obtained for the chemical data did not match that obtained with panelists’ sensorial data. Moreover, although an overall ability of grouping samples of the same commercial origin was evidenced for hard discount and supermarket bars, no sharp grouping was possible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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15 pages, 5096 KiB  
Article
Antiproliferative Activity of Stokesia laevis Ethanolic Extract in Combination with Several Food-Related Bioactive Compounds; In Vitro (Caco-2) and In Silico Docking (TNKS1 and TNKS2) Studies
by Georgeta Neagu, Amalia Stefaniu, Adrian Albulescu, Lucia Pintilie and Lucia Camelia Pirvu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 9944; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11219944 - 25 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1472
Abstract
This study evaluates in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity on human colon tumor cell line Caco-2 (ATCC-HTB-37) of a standardized (5 mg GAE/mL) ethanolic extract from Stokesia laevis (Slae26), of five polyphenols compounds (reference substances, ref.), namely luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-8-C-glucoside, caffeic acid, gentisic acid, [...] Read more.
This study evaluates in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity on human colon tumor cell line Caco-2 (ATCC-HTB-37) of a standardized (5 mg GAE/mL) ethanolic extract from Stokesia laevis (Slae26), of five polyphenols compounds (reference substances, ref.), namely luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-8-C-glucoside, caffeic acid, gentisic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), as well as of Slae26 combinations with the five reference substances, 1:1 mass rate (GAE, ref.). Cell viability studies (MTS test) have revealed IC50 values of 36 μg GAE/mL in the case of Slae26 ethanolic extract, while Slae26 combinations with the five phenolics indicated IC50 values around 5 μg GAE/mL. In silico docking studies on the molecular targets human tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) and human tankyrase 2 (TNKS2) in complex with their native ligands, Co-crystallized 3J5A and Co-crystallized FLN, indicated score values of −104.15 and −76.97, respectively; in the series of the reference compounds studied, luteolin-7-O-glucoside was revealed with the best score values on both molecular targets (−80.49 and −85.17), together signifying real antiproliferative potential against human colon cancer of Slae26, of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and of Slae26 combinations with all food-related bioactive compounds tested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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12 pages, 2328 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Antagonist Abiotic Stress on Bioactive Compounds from Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
by Lucian Copolovici, Andreea Lupitu, Cristian Moisa, Monica Taschina and Dana M. Copolovici
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 9282; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11199282 - 06 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
Drought and flooding are some of the most common stressful conditions for plants. Due to the recent climate changes, they can occur one after another. This study is focused on the effect of antagonistic abiotic stress such as drought and flooding on the [...] Read more.
Drought and flooding are some of the most common stressful conditions for plants. Due to the recent climate changes, they can occur one after another. This study is focused on the effect of antagonistic abiotic stress such as drought and flooding on the different metabolites from Ocimum basilicum leaves. Six-week-old plants of Ocimum basilicum were exposed to drought or flooding stress for 15 days, followed by antagonist stress for 14 days. The assimilation rates decrease drastically for plants under consecutive stresses from 18.9 to 0.25 µmol m−2 s−1 starting at day 3 of treatment. The stomatal conductance to water vapor gs was also reduced from 86 to 29 mmol m−2 s−1. The emission of green leaf volatiles compounds increases from 0.14 to 2.48 nmol m−2 s−1, and the emission of monoterpenes increased from 2.00 to 7.37 nmol m−2 s−1. The photosynthetic pigment concentration (chlorophyll a and b, and β-carotene), the flavonoid content, and total phenolic content decrease for all stressed plants. The results obtained in this study could indicate that the water status (drought and/or flooding) directly impacts basil plants’ physiological parameters and secondary metabolites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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10 pages, 4973 KiB  
Communication
Hepatoprotective Effects of Extract of Helicteres hirsuta Lour. on Liver Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats
by Dac Thang Hoang, Thi Thu Hien Truong, Ngo Viet Duc, Le Tuan Anh Hoang, Thi Thao Do, Le Ba Vinh, Seo Young Yang, Gao Dan and Le Tuan Anh
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8758; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11188758 - 20 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3220
Abstract
Helicteres hirsuta Lour. is a traditional Vietnamese medicine for treating chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Many in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that the extracts and isolated compounds from H. hirsuta have diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, [...] Read more.
Helicteres hirsuta Lour. is a traditional Vietnamese medicine for treating chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Many in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that the extracts and isolated compounds from H. hirsuta have diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the hepatoprotective effects have not been reported until now. Therefore, the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the aerial part of the H. hirsuta L. (HHM and HHE-1/1) were examined on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats for the first time. The results revealed that all the livers of the model group had stage F4 cirrhosis; the group that received silymarin, and HHM and HHE-1/1 had milder liver damage cirrhosis stage F1-F2 which implies that the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of H. hirsute have a definite advantage in the development of food or oral medications for hepatoprotective activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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15 pages, 1291 KiB  
Article
Application of Emerging Cell Disintegration Techniques for the Accelerated Recovery of Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa
by Hoang Le-Tan, Thomas Fauster, Jelena Vladic, Tina Gerhardt, Klara Haas and Henry Jaeger
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(17), 8238; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11178238 - 05 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
Curcuminoids, the bioactive compounds with many beneficial effects on human health, exist in Curcuma longa (turmeric). In the present study, the impact of different cell disintegration techniques to enhance total curcuminoid recovery (TC) from fresh and dried turmeric was investigated. The impact of [...] Read more.
Curcuminoids, the bioactive compounds with many beneficial effects on human health, exist in Curcuma longa (turmeric). In the present study, the impact of different cell disintegration techniques to enhance total curcuminoid recovery (TC) from fresh and dried turmeric was investigated. The impact of thermal pretreatment (TP), ultrasound pretreatment (UP), enzyme pretreatment (EP), and pulsed electric field pretreatment (PEF) on the recovery of curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bis-demethoxycurcumin (BDMC) from fresh and dried turmeric were studied. The cell disintegration index (Zp) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of curcuminoids were performed to evaluate the efficiency of the applied techniques. With fresh turmeric, the highest curcuminoid recovery was 83.6 mg/g dry basis with EP. The highest structural tissue damage was obtained with UP achieving a cell disintegration level of 92.5%. The technology with the highest time-saving and low specific energy input was PEF with a total curcuminoid recovery of 80.9 mg/g dry basis. Working with dried turmeric, the drying required high specific energy input for 72 h at 50 °C; however, the untreated dried sample reached 125.3 mg/g dry basis of TC without further pretreatment after drying. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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22 pages, 3346 KiB  
Review
Environmentally Friendly Techniques for the Recovery of Polyphenols from Food By-Products and Their Impact on Polyphenol Oxidase: A Critical Review
by Peyman Ebrahimi and Anna Lante
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1923; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12041923 - 12 Feb 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4448
Abstract
Even though food by-products have many negative financial and environmental impacts, they contain a considerable quantity of precious bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. The recovery of these compounds from food wastes could diminish their adverse effects in different aspects. For doing this, various [...] Read more.
Even though food by-products have many negative financial and environmental impacts, they contain a considerable quantity of precious bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. The recovery of these compounds from food wastes could diminish their adverse effects in different aspects. For doing this, various nonthermal and conventional methods are used. Since conventional extraction methods may cause plenty of problems, due to their heat production and extreme need for energy and solvent, many novel technologies such as microwave, ultrasound, cold plasma, pulsed electric field, pressurized liquid, and ohmic heating technology have been regarded as alternatives assisting the extraction process. This paper highlights the competence of mild technologies in the recovery of polyphenols from food by-products, the effect of these technologies on polyphenol oxidase, and the application of the recovered polyphenols in the food industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food-Related Bioactive Compounds: Extraction, Bioavailability, and Applications)
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