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Gas Plasma Technology in Biology and Medicine
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Gas Plasma Technology in Biology and Medicine

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 23269

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sander Bekeschus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
Interests: redox medicine; immunology; cancer; cold physical plasma; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; redox signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anke Schmidt

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Interests: redox medicine; cold physical plasma; reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; redox signaling; wound healing; dermatology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Medical gas plasma technology is increasingly gaining attention in the field of biology and medicine. This is owing to its therapeutic effects, as ample evidence in the fields of cancer, wound healing, and other dermatological disorders suggests. At the same time, medical gas plasmas are excellent tools to study the redox and biochemistry of reactive oxygen and nitrogen, and their reaction trajectories. With the medical application in mind, and many chemical and biological mechanisms yet unraveled, the plasma medicine field provides an exciting opportunity to work at the intersection between technology, engineering, chemistry, and biomedicine. This Special Issue welcomes submissions dealing with new findings, with gas plasma technology that may contribute to propelling their application in medicine in the future.

Dr. Sander Bekeschus
Dr. Anke Schmidt
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cancer
  • wound healing
  • redox biology
  • redox chemistry
  • redox medicine
  • cold physical plasma
  • medical gas plasma technology
  • cell biology
  • biochemistry
  • reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 4187 KiB  
Communication
Cold Physical Plasma Toxicity in Breast and Oral Squamous Carcinoma In Vitro and in Patient-Derived Cancer Tissue Ex Vivo
by Fariba Saadati, Fahimeh Jahanbakhshi, Hamed Mahdikia, Fereshteh Abbasvandi, Hamid Ghomi, Nasrin Yazdani, Keyvan Aghazadeh, Steffen Emmert and Sander Bekeschus
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(11), 6472; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13116472 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1455
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are among the most common types of cancer, but current clinical outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Available therapies have limitations in terms of efficacy and may also cause severe side effects. Cold physical plasma is a [...] Read more.
Breast cancer (BC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are among the most common types of cancer, but current clinical outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Available therapies have limitations in terms of efficacy and may also cause severe side effects. Cold physical plasma is a promising approach for selectively eliminating cancer cells while avoiding genotoxic effects on non-malignant cells. In this study, we investigated the potential of cold physical plasma as a therapeutic intervention for BC and OSCC through in vitro and ex vivo studies on toxicity. For the in vitro study, T-47 BC cells and SCC-4 and SCC-9 OSCC cell lines were used, and we found cold plasma to be toxic in a treatment time-dependent manner. Moreover, we investigated the safety of physical plasma therapy and found no genotoxic potential in plasma-treated human keratinocytes in vitro. Finally, for the first time, 20 BC and OSCC patient-derived tumor tissues were punch biopsied and ex vivo-exposed to cold physical plasmas to study responses in the tumor microenvironment TME). Cold physical plasma caused significant apoptosis in patient-derived BC and OSCC tumor tissues, and decreased the number of CD163+ cells (e.g., tumor-associated macrophages, TAM) in BC tissue plasma-treated ex vivo. Collectively, our findings motivate the investigation of cold physical plasma as a potential adjuvant treatment in oncology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Plasma Technology in Biology and Medicine)
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13 pages, 3168 KiB  
Article
Differential Sensitivity of Two Leukemia Cell Lines towards Two Major Gas Plasma Products Hydrogen Peroxide and Hypochlorous Acid
by Debora Singer, Lea Miebach and Sander Bekeschus
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7429; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12157429 - 24 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1278
Abstract
Oxidative stress has major implications for health and disease. At the same time, the term collectively describes the reactions to different types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl). However, how [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress has major implications for health and disease. At the same time, the term collectively describes the reactions to different types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl). However, how both compare in terms of cytotoxicity and mechanism of action is less known. Using two leukemia cell lines, Jurkat and THP-1, as model systems at similar cell concentrations, we found an 8-fold greater sensitivity of the former over the latter for H2O2 exposure. Unexpectantly, this was not the case with HOCl exposure. Jurkat cells were 2-fold more resistant to HOCl-induced cytotoxicity than THP-1 cells. In each cell type, the relatively more toxic oxidant also induced activation of caspases 3 and 7 at earlier time points, as time-lapse fluorescence microscopy revealed. The effects observed did not markedly correlate with changes in intracellular GSH and GSSG levels. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of the Nrf2 target HMOX-1 encoding for HO-1 protein and the growth and survival factor IL-8 revealed Jurkat cells to become more sensitive to HOCl, while HO-1 and IL-8 siRNA-mediated knockdown in THP-1 cells produced greater sensitivity towards H2O2. siRNA-mediated knockdown of catalase increased oxidant sensitivity only negligibly. Collectively, the data suggest striking HOCl-resistance of Jurkat and H2O2 resistance of THP-1 cells, showing similar protective roles of HO-1 and IL-8, while caspase activation kinetics differ. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Plasma Technology in Biology and Medicine)
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9 pages, 2233 KiB  
Article
Characterisation of a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Torch for Medical Applications: Demonstration of Device Safety
by Adam Bennett, Takuya Urayama, Konstantinos Papangelis, Peter Yuen and Nan Yu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11864; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app112411864 - 14 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2844
Abstract
The safety and effectiveness of plasma devices are of crucial importance for medical applications. This study presents the novel design of an atmospheric plasma torch (SteriPlas) and its characterisation. The SteriPlas was characterised to ascertain whether it is safe for application on human [...] Read more.
The safety and effectiveness of plasma devices are of crucial importance for medical applications. This study presents the novel design of an atmospheric plasma torch (SteriPlas) and its characterisation. The SteriPlas was characterised to ascertain whether it is safe for application on human skin. The emission spectrum discharged from the SteriPlas was shown to be the same as the emission from the MicroPlaSter Beta. The UV emitted from the SteriPlas was measured, and the effective irradiance was calculated. The effective irradiance enabled the determination of the maximum UV exposure limits, which were shown to be over two hours: significantly longer than the current two-minute treatment time. The use of an extraction system with a higher flow rate appears to reduce slightly the effective irradiance at the treatment area. The NOx and ozone emissions were recorded for both SteriPlas configurations. The NOx levels were shown to be orders of magnitude lower than their safety limits. The ozone emissions were shown to be safe 25 mm from the SteriPlas cage. A discussion of how safety standards differ from one regulatory body to another is given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Plasma Technology in Biology and Medicine)
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21 pages, 4178 KiB  
Article
Anti-Bacterial Action of Plasma Multi-Jets in the Context of Chronic Wound Healing
by Thomas Maho, Raphaelle Binois, Fabienne Brulé-Morabito, Maryvonne Demasure, Claire Douat, Sébastien Dozias, Pablo Escot Bocanegra, Isabelle Goard, Laurent Hocqueloux, Claire Le Helloco, Inna Orel, Jean-Michel Pouvesle, Thierry Prazuck, Augusto Stancampiano, Clément Tocaben and Eric Robert
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(20), 9598; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11209598 - 15 Oct 2021
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 2585
Abstract
This work is a contribution to the development and implementation of non-thermal plasma technology for decontamination in the perspective of nosocomial and chronic wound innovative therapies. Multi jets devices based on Plasma Gun® technology in static and scanning operation modes and bacterial [...] Read more.
This work is a contribution to the development and implementation of non-thermal plasma technology for decontamination in the perspective of nosocomial and chronic wound innovative therapies. Multi jets devices based on Plasma Gun® technology in static and scanning operation modes and bacterial lawns inoculated with resistant and non-resistant bacterial strains were designed and used. A pilot toxicity study exploring plasma treatment of wound bearing patients, performed with a low voltage plasma applicator, is documented as a first step for the translation of in vitro experiments to clinical care. Bacterial inactivation was demonstrated for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and drug resistant S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and Escherichia Coli strains collected from patient wounds at Orleans (France) hospital. A few square centimeter large contaminated samples were inactivated following a single plasma exposure as short as one minute. Samples inoculated with a single but also a mix of three resistant pathogens were successfully inactivated not only right after their contamination but for mature lawns as well. Similar bactericidal action was demonstrated for antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant P. aeruginosa. The time exposure dependent increase of the inhibition spots, following multi jets exposure, is discussed as either the accumulation of reactive species or the likely combinatory action of both the reactive species and transient electric field delivery on inoculated samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Plasma Technology in Biology and Medicine)
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12 pages, 2167 KiB  
Article
Antitumor Effects in Gas Plasma-Treated Patient-Derived Microtissues—An Adjuvant Therapy for Ulcerating Breast Cancer?
by Zahra Akbari, Fariba Saadati, Hamed Mahdikia, Eric Freund, Fereshteh Abbasvandi, Babak Shokri, Hakimeh Zali and Sander Bekeschus
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(10), 4527; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11104527 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3050
Abstract
Despite global research and continuous improvement in therapy, cancer remains a challenging disease globally, substantiating the need for new treatment avenues. Medical gas plasma technology has emerged as a promising approach in oncology in the last years. Several investigations have provided evidence of [...] Read more.
Despite global research and continuous improvement in therapy, cancer remains a challenging disease globally, substantiating the need for new treatment avenues. Medical gas plasma technology has emerged as a promising approach in oncology in the last years. Several investigations have provided evidence of an antitumor action in vitro and in vivo, including our recent work on plasma-mediated reduction of breast cancer in mice. However, studies of gas plasma exposure on patient-derived tumors with their distinct microenvironment (TME) are scarce. To this end, we here investigated patient-derived breast cancer tissue after gas plasma-treated ex vivo. The tissues were disjoint to pieces smaller than 100 µm, embedded in collagen, and incubated for several days. The viability of the breast cancer tissue clusters and their outgrowth into their gel microenvironment declined with plasma treatment. This was associated with caspase 3-dependent apoptotic cell death, paralleled by an increased expression of the anti-metastatic adhesion molecule epithelial (E)-cadherin. Multiplex chemokine/cytokine analysis revealed a marked decline in the release of the interleukins 6 and 8 (IL-6, IL-8) and monocyte-chemoattractant-protein 1 (MCP) known to promote a cancer-promoting milieu in the TME. In summary, we provide here, for the first time, evidence of a beneficial activity of gas plasma exposure on human patient-derived breast cancer tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Plasma Technology in Biology and Medicine)
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Review

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16 pages, 748 KiB  
Review
Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Wound Healing and Cancer Treatment
by Lars Boeckmann, Mirijam Schäfer, Thoralf Bernhardt, Marie Luise Semmler, Ole Jung, Gregor Ojak, Tobias Fischer, Kirsten Peters, Barbara Nebe, Brigitte Müller-Hilke, Christian Seebauer, Sander Bekeschus and Steffen Emmert
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(19), 6898; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10196898 - 01 Oct 2020
Cited by 49 | Viewed by 9073
Abstract
Plasma medicine is gaining increasing attention and is moving from basic research into clinical practice. While areas of application are diverse, much research has been conducted assessing the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) in wound healing and cancer treatment—two applications with [...] Read more.
Plasma medicine is gaining increasing attention and is moving from basic research into clinical practice. While areas of application are diverse, much research has been conducted assessing the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) in wound healing and cancer treatment—two applications with entirely different goals. In wound healing, a tissue-stimulating effect is intended, whereas cancer therapy aims at killing malignant cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest clinical and some preclinical research on the efficacy of CAP in wound healing and cancer therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the current understanding of molecular signaling mechanisms triggered by CAP that grant CAP its antiseptic and tissue regenerating or anti-proliferative and cell death-inducing properties. For the efficacy of CAP in wound healing, already substantial evidence from clinical studies is available, while evidence for therapeutic effects of CAP in oncology is mainly from in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Efforts to elucidate the mode of action of CAP suggest that different components, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, electromagnetic fields, and reactive species, may act synergistically, with reactive species being regarded as the major effector by modulating complex and concentration-dependent redox signaling pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Plasma Technology in Biology and Medicine)
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13 pages, 979 KiB  
Review
Oxidatively Modified Proteins: Cause and Control of Diseases
by Ramona Clemen and Sander Bekeschus
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6419; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app10186419 - 15 Sep 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2079
Abstract
Proteins succumb to numerous post-translational modifications (PTMs). These relate to enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions taking place in either the intracellular or extracellular compartment. While intracellular oxidative changes are mainly due to redox stress, extracellular PTMs may be induced in an inflammatory micro milieu [...] Read more.
Proteins succumb to numerous post-translational modifications (PTMs). These relate to enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions taking place in either the intracellular or extracellular compartment. While intracellular oxidative changes are mainly due to redox stress, extracellular PTMs may be induced in an inflammatory micro milieu that is rich in reactive species. The increasing recognition of oxidative modifications as a causing agent or side-effect of pathophysiological states and diseases puts oxidative PTMS (oxPTMs) into the spotlight of inflammation research. Pathological hyper-modification of proteins can lead to accumulation, aggregation, cell stress, altered antigenic peptides, and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-like recognition by host immunity. Such processes are linked to cardiovascular disease and autoinflammation. At the same time, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms governing inflammatory responses to oxPTMs may capitalize on new therapeutic routes for enhancing adaptive immune responses as needed, for instance, in oncology. We here summarize some of the latest developments of oxPTMs in disease diagnosis and therapy. Potential target proteins and upcoming technologies, such as gas plasmas, are outlined for future research that may aid in identifying the molecular basis of immunogenic vs. tolerogenic oxPTMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gas Plasma Technology in Biology and Medicine)
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