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Applied Sciences
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Oral Microbial Communities and Oral Health: Volume II
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Oral Microbial Communities and Oral Health: Volume II

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 12544

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yoshiaki Nomura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
International Photocatalyst Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Interests: oral microbiome; human health; aging; noncommunicable disease; healthy microbiome; core microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The oral microbiome has a significant impact on human health. Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics provide us with valuable information on the role of oral health for heath and diseases. The research field has propagated from infectious diseases to non-communicable disease. The oral microbiome changes throughout the life stage, having an effect on dental diseases. Thus, we need to identify the pathogenic oral microbiome not only for oral disease but also for systemic diseases. The pathogenic oral microbiome can represent a risk for mortality for older people. In addition, we need to identify not only the pathogenic oral microbiome but also the healthy microbiome and core oral microbiome. There are many tasks that must be resolved. However, information on the human oral microbiome is not enough. If you are currently engaged in state-of the-art research that involves any aspect of the oral microbiome, you are invited to contribute to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Yoshiaki Nomura
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral microbiome
  • human health
  • aging
  • noncommunicable disease
  • healthy microbiome
  • core microbiome

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 161 KiB  
Editorial
Oral Microbiome and Oral Health: Current Stage and Future Prospective
by Yoshiaki Nomura, Yuko Inai, Ayako Okada, Yuko Yamamoto, Kaoru Sogabe and Nobuhiro Hanada
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(20), 11372; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app132011372 - 17 Oct 2023
Viewed by 569
Abstract
Evidence concerning the oral microbiome has been exponentially increasing [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbial Communities and Oral Health: Volume II)

Research

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13 pages, 1555 KiB  
Article
Oral Cavity Beta-Defensin Levels Are Regulated Differently during Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
by Mutlu Keskin, Emma Suomi, İlknur Harmankaya, Didem Karaçetin, Timo Sorsa and Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2056; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13042056 - 05 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Background: Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are small cationic peptides of the epithelium with broad antimicrobial and immune response-regulatory activities. hBDs are also related to oncogenesis, and their secretion profiles are affected by radiotherapy treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the oral cavity hBD [...] Read more.
Background: Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are small cationic peptides of the epithelium with broad antimicrobial and immune response-regulatory activities. hBDs are also related to oncogenesis, and their secretion profiles are affected by radiotherapy treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the oral cavity hBD 1-3 levels in head and neck cancer patients and its relation to radiotherapy treatment. Methods: Sixteen head and neck cancer patients (all with a history of smoking) were included in this study. Periodontal parameters were measured before radiotherapy, and medical information was collected from registries. Oral rinses of the patients were collected before radiotherapy; on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th weeks of radiotherapy; and the 1st month following the end of radiotherapy. hBD 1–3 levels were measured using ELISA. Results: Oral hBD-1 levels increased during radiotherapy at week 6 (p = 0.019). hBD-1 levels returned to pretreatment levels after the end of radiotherapy. No significant change was detected for hBD-2 or hBD-3 levels during or after radiotherapy. Conclusions: The constant expression of hBD-1, which is distinct from the infection and inflammation-dependent expression profiles of hBD-2 and hBD-3, may explain why this peptide is the only one affected by radiotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbial Communities and Oral Health: Volume II)
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10 pages, 1065 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus mutans
by Aleksandra Pisarska, Renata Wolinowska, Joanna Rudnicka and Ewa Iwanicka-Grzegorek
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4579; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12094579 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1940
Abstract
Dental caries is an infectious disease which remains a significant health problem all over the world. The purpose of the study was to characterise a collection of 60 clinical isolates of S. mutans from adults’ and children’s dental plaque (natural biofilm). The paper [...] Read more.
Dental caries is an infectious disease which remains a significant health problem all over the world. The purpose of the study was to characterise a collection of 60 clinical isolates of S. mutans from adults’ and children’s dental plaque (natural biofilm). The paper describes the process of isolation, identification, analysis of biofilm formation and collection testing for the presence of 13 two-component systems (TCS) identified earlier in reference strain ATCC 700610 (UA159). In the case of S. mutans strains, plaque formation is specifically influenced by binary systems. All isolated strains of S. mutans form biofilm at high levels and possess a set of 26 genes forming TSC binary systems, which have an important role in plaque formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbial Communities and Oral Health: Volume II)
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11 pages, 2135 KiB  
Article
Incidence of Postoperative Pneumonia and Oral Microbiome for Patients with Cancer Operation
by Yoshiaki Nomura, Yuko Inai, Yudai Shimpo, Ayako Okada, Yuko Yamamoto, Kaoru Sogabe, Naohisa Wada and Nobuhiro Hanada
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 2920; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062920 - 12 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2101
Abstract
Postoperative pneumonia is a serious problem for patients and medical staff. In Japan, many hospitals introduced perioperative oral care management for the efficient use of medical resources. However, a high percentage of postoperative pneumonia still developed. Therefore, there is a need to identify [...] Read more.
Postoperative pneumonia is a serious problem for patients and medical staff. In Japan, many hospitals introduced perioperative oral care management for the efficient use of medical resources. However, a high percentage of postoperative pneumonia still developed. Therefore, there is a need to identify the specific respiratory pathogens to predict the incidence of pneumonia The purpose of this study was to find out the candidate of bacterial species for the postoperative pneumonia. This study applied case-control study design for the patients who had a cancer operation with or without postoperative pneumonia. A total of 10 patients undergoing a cancer operation under general anesthesia participated in this study. The day before a cancer operation, preoperative oral care management was applied. Using the next generation sequence, oral microbiome of these patients was analyzed at the time of their first visit, the day before and after a cancer operation. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum group can be a high risk at first visit. Atopobium parvulum and Enterococcus faecalis before a cancer operation can be a high risk. Poor oral hygiene increased the risk of incidence of postoperative pneumonia. Increased periodontal pathogens can be a high risk of the incidence of postoperative pneumonia. In addition, increased intestinal bacteria after oral care management can also be a high risk for the incidence of postoperative pneumonia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbial Communities and Oral Health: Volume II)
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20 pages, 5297 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dextranase and Dextranase-and-Nisin-Containing Mouthwashes on Oral Microbial Community of Healthy Adults—A Pilot Study
by Chaiyavat Chaiyasut, Sasithorn Sirilun, Nucharee Juntarachot, Piyachat Tongpong, Worada Ouparee, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Sartjin Peerajan, Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha, Pinidphon Prombutara, Piriya Klankeo, Muruganantham Bharathi and Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1650; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12031650 - 04 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1960
Abstract
This study analyzed the alteration of oral microbial composition in healthy subjects after using dextranase-containing mouthwash (DMW; Mouthwash formulation I) and dextranase-and-nisin-containing mouthwash (DNMW; Mouthwash formulation II). Eighteen participants were recruited and were randomly allocated to two groups: G1 (DMW user; n = [...] Read more.
This study analyzed the alteration of oral microbial composition in healthy subjects after using dextranase-containing mouthwash (DMW; Mouthwash formulation I) and dextranase-and-nisin-containing mouthwash (DNMW; Mouthwash formulation II). Eighteen participants were recruited and were randomly allocated to two groups: G1 (DMW user; n = 8) and G2 (DNMW user; n = 10). The subjects were instructed to use the provided mouthwash regularly twice a day for 30 days. The bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PBD), and gingival index (GI) were analyzed, and saliva samples were collected before (day 0) and after (day 30) the use of mouthwashes. The saliva metagenomic DNA was extracted and sequenced (next-generation sequencing, Miseq paired-end Illumina 2 × 250 bp platform). The oral microbial community in the pre-and post-treated samples were annotated using QIIME 2™. The results showed the PI and PBD values were significantly reduced in G2 samples. The BOP and GI values of both groups were not significantly altered. The post-treated samples of both groups yielded a reduced amount of microbial DNA. The computed phylogenetic diversity, species richness, and evenness were reduced significantly in the post-treated samples of G2 compared to the post-treated G1 samples. The mouthwash formulations also supported some pathogens’ growth, which indicated that formulations required further improvement. The study needs further experiments to conclude the results. The study suggested that the improved DNMW could be an adjuvant product to improve oral hygiene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbial Communities and Oral Health: Volume II)
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6 pages, 221 KiB  
Article
Titanium Periimplant Tissue Alterations: A Prospective Cohort Plate Retrieval Study
by Horia Opris, Gabriel Armencea, Avram Manea, Ileana Mitre, Mihaela Baciut, Florin Onișor, Florica Imre-Lucaci, Adriana Vulpoi, Sergiu Vacaras, Bran Simion and Cristian Dinu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(14), 6315; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11146315 - 08 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1391
Abstract
Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys have been extensively used in materials to reconstruct the facial skeleton in different forms and sizes. There is yet to be a consensus on removing (or not) the plates and screws after osteosynthesis. Our study tries to [...] Read more.
Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys have been extensively used in materials to reconstruct the facial skeleton in different forms and sizes. There is yet to be a consensus on removing (or not) the plates and screws after osteosynthesis. Our study tries to investigate the adjacent tissues of the titanium plates used in jaw surgery using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Twenty samples of soft tissue surrounding the titanium plates were retrieved 1 year after placement (fracture sites or orthognathic surgery) and were investigated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The study found 1.06 ppm titanium in the adjacent soft tissues. Even if there are no clinical signs of the presence of titanium in the soft tissues, our findings suggest that a plate removal is a feasible option for patients to avoid local complications due to titanium migration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbial Communities and Oral Health: Volume II)

Review

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25 pages, 3000 KiB  
Review
Efficacy of Carbamide and Hydrogen Peroxide Tooth Bleaching Techniques in Orthodontic and Restorative Dentistry Patients: A Scoping Review
by Giuseppina Malcangi, Assunta Patano, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Anna Maria Ciocia, Fabio Piras, Giulia Latini, Chiara Di Pede, Giulia Palmieri, Claudia Laudadio, Vito Settanni, Grazia Garofoli, Elisabetta de Ruvo, Silvio Buongiorno, Ioana Roxana Bordea, Edit Xhajanka, Daniela Di Venere, Francesco Inchingolo, Gianna Dipalma and Angelo Michele Inchingolo
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 7089; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13127089 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2245
Abstract
Background: Dental aesthetic procedures aim to rectify flaws in dental elements’ shape, alignment, or overly dark color. One of the most common dental aesthetic procedures is tooth whitening. This study attempts to introduce key aspects of bleaching and describe the different techniques and [...] Read more.
Background: Dental aesthetic procedures aim to rectify flaws in dental elements’ shape, alignment, or overly dark color. One of the most common dental aesthetic procedures is tooth whitening. This study attempts to introduce key aspects of bleaching and describe the different techniques and the mechanism of action of bleaching agents, focusing on the clinical implications in orthodontic and on composite restorations. Methods: The research was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases for articles on our topic published between 2017 and 2023, and we found a total of 1512 studies. In total, 57 papers were considered for the qualitative analysis in the review. Results: This study found that both carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide were clinically effective, although patients’ level of tooth sensitivity seemed to be lessened by the latter. However, the latter appears to be more effective at reducing patient-experienced tooth sensitivity. Conclusion: Carbamide and hydrogen peroxide based whitening techniques were shown to be equally successful at treating tooth discoloration after bracket composite removal, with no discernible differences between them. To increase the effectiveness of whitening on composites, more research is needed. To achieve the desired results and avoid the negative effects of whitening gels on teeth and soft tissue, a patient-specific approach is advised. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Microbial Communities and Oral Health: Volume II)
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