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Applied Sciences
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New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology
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New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2020) | Viewed by 27699

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Cheolhee Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Joining R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 156, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
Interests: welding processes; arc physics; laser welding; friction stir welding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Laser welding is a precision welding process that enables high process speed and low distortion due to low heat input into the base materials. It has been applied to various industries (e.g., automotive, electronics, etc.). Thin sheets with steel were the main application of laser welding in early stages. With the advances of power sources and optic technologies, new laser welding applications have been continuously introduced. Multi-kW fiber and disk lasers have been successfully applied to the welding of thickness plate and nonferrous alloys due to its deep penetration and high absorptivity. More recently, use of hard-to-weld material combinations has been continuously increasing in the industrial applications, and innovative laser welding technologies are emerging to meet the material requirements. For instance, laser modulation technologies are one of the hottest topics in the laser industry and academy to replace ultrasonic welding in the manufacturing of secondary battery cells.

This Special Issue invites original review and contributed articles on recent advances in the development of innovative laser welding technologies based on new laser power sources, laser optics, systems, and monitoring technologies.

Kind regards

Dr. Cheolhee Kim
Guest editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • laser welding
  • power sources
  • laser optics
  • monitoring systems
  • modulation
  • hard-to-weld materials

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 179 KiB  
Editorial
New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology
by Kyung-Eun Min, Jae-Won Jang and Cheolhee Kim
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1840; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app13031840 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1303
Abstract
With the advances in power sources and optic technologies, high-power laser welding has been utilized in many applications such as automotive, battery manufacturing, and electronic industries [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

11 pages, 7130 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fiber Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloy with Beam Oscillation
by Xiaobing Pang, Jiahui Dai, Shun Chen and Mingjun Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(23), 5096; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9235096 - 25 Nov 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5322
Abstract
Laser welding with beam oscillation is applied to join aluminum alloy plates in butt configuration. The effects of beam oscillating patterns on the quality of welds are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that beam oscillation can improve the weld formation and microstructure [...] Read more.
Laser welding with beam oscillation is applied to join aluminum alloy plates in butt configuration. The effects of beam oscillating patterns on the quality of welds are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that beam oscillation can improve the weld formation and microstructure of butt joints. The circular oscillating weld has the features of fine grain and uniformly dispersed dendrites in the strengthening phase, and the porosity inhibitory effect of circular oscillation is the most obvious. In addition, beam oscillation has few effects on the tensile strength of welds, but exerts an influence on the elongation of welds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology)
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13 pages, 4435 KiB  
Article
Contamination of Coupling Glass and Performance Evaluation of Protective System in Vacuum Laser Beam Welding
by Yongki Lee, Jason Cheon, Byung-Kwon Min and Cheolhee Kim
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(23), 5082; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9235082 - 25 Nov 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2597
Abstract
Vacuum laser beam welding enables deeper penetration depth and welding stability than atmospheric pressure laser welding. However, contaminated coupling glass caused by welding fumes in the vacuum space reduces laser transmittance, leading to inconsistent penetration depth. Therefore, a well-designed protective system is indispensable. [...] Read more.
Vacuum laser beam welding enables deeper penetration depth and welding stability than atmospheric pressure laser welding. However, contaminated coupling glass caused by welding fumes in the vacuum space reduces laser transmittance, leading to inconsistent penetration depth. Therefore, a well-designed protective system is indispensable. Before designing the protective system, the contamination phenomenon was quantified and represented by a contamination index, based on the coupling glass transmittance. The contamination index and penetration depth behavior were determined to be inversely proportional. A cylindrical protective system with a shielding gas supply was proposed and tested. The shielding gas jet provides pressure-driven contaminant suppression and gas momentum-driven contaminant dispersion. The influence of the shielding gas flow rate and gas nozzle diameter on the performance of the protective system was evaluated. When the shielding gas flow was 2.0 L/min or higher, the pressure-driven contaminant suppression dominated for all nozzle diameters. When the shielding gas flow was 1.0 L/min or lower, gas momentum-driven contaminant dispersion was observed. A correlation between the gas nozzle diameter and the contamination index was determined. It was confirmed that contamination can be controlled by selecting the proper gas flow rate and supply nozzle diameter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology)
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14 pages, 15856 KiB  
Article
A Study on Welding Deformation Prediction for Ship Blocks Using the Equivalent Strain Method Based on Inherent Strain
by Yongtai Kim, Jaewoong Kim and Sungwook Kang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(22), 4906; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9224906 - 15 Nov 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3522
Abstract
The welding process, which accounts for about 60% of the shipbuilding process, inevitably involves weld deformation. Considering this, productivity can be significantly increased if weld deformation can be predicted during the design phase, taking into account the fabrication order. However, the conventional welding [...] Read more.
The welding process, which accounts for about 60% of the shipbuilding process, inevitably involves weld deformation. Considering this, productivity can be significantly increased if weld deformation can be predicted during the design phase, taking into account the fabrication order. However, the conventional welding deformation prediction method using thermo-elasto-plastic analysis requires a long analysis time, and the welding deformation prediction method using equivalent load analysis has a disadvantage in that the welding residual stress cannot be considered. In this study, an inherent strain chart using a solid-spring model with two-dimensional constraints is proposed to predict the equivalent strain. In addition, the welding deformation prediction method proposed in this study, the equivalent strain method (ESM), was compared with the ship block experimental results (EXP), elasto-plastic analysis (EPA) results, and equivalent load analysis (ELM) results. Through this comparison, it was found that the application of the equivalent strain method made it possible to quickly and accurately predict weld deformation in consideration of the residual stress of the curved double-bottom block used in the shipyard. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology)
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12 pages, 8214 KiB  
Article
Influence of Gravity on Molten Pool Behavior and Analysis of Microstructure on Various Welding Positions in Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding
by Jin-Hyeong Park, Sung-Hwan Kim, Hyeong-Soon Moon and Myung-Hyun Kim
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(21), 4626; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9214626 - 31 Oct 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3986
Abstract
This study performed welding on various welding positions in the flat, overhead, and vertical down positions using a pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) process. Despite the same amount of heat input on various welding positions, the welding characteristics varied depending on the [...] Read more.
This study performed welding on various welding positions in the flat, overhead, and vertical down positions using a pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) process. Despite the same amount of heat input on various welding positions, the welding characteristics varied depending on the welding positions. The effect of gravity on the welding process determined the different formation of the weld bead, and the influence of molten pool behavior on various welding positions changed the microstructure in the weld metal. The current and voltage signals were synchronized with a high-speed camera using a data acquisition (DAQ) system. To induce the one pulse one drop (OPOD) process of metal transfer, the shielding gas was used 95% Ar+5% CO2. The microstructure of the weld metal was analyzed in relation to molten pool behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology)
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13 pages, 5244 KiB  
Article
Influence of Surface State in Micro-Welding of Copper by Nd:YAG Laser
by Martin Ruthandi Maina, Yasuhiro Okamoto, Reiki Inoue, Shin-ichi Nakashiba, Akira Okada and Tomokazu Sakagawa
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(12), 2364; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app8122364 - 23 Nov 2018
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5086
Abstract
Laser welding of copper is characterized by low and unstable light absorption around 1000 nm wavelength. Combination of high thermal conductivity and low melting point makes it difficult to obtain good welding quality and leads to low energy utilization. To improve efficiency and [...] Read more.
Laser welding of copper is characterized by low and unstable light absorption around 1000 nm wavelength. Combination of high thermal conductivity and low melting point makes it difficult to obtain good welding quality and leads to low energy utilization. To improve efficiency and welding quality, a technique to enhance process stability using 1064 nm wavelength Nd:YAG laser has been proposed, and absorption rate and molten volume in laser micro-welding were discussed. Since the surface state of specimen affects absorption phenomena, effects of surface shape and surface roughness were investigated. Absorption rate and molten volume were increased by creating appropriate concave holes and by controlled surface roughness. Stable micro-welding process with deep penetration and good surface quality was achieved for transitional processing condition between heat conduction and keyhole welding, by enhanced absorption rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology)
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Review

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14 pages, 2037 KiB  
Review
Overview on the Evolution of Laser Welding of Vascular and Nervous Tissues
by Diogo Francisco Gomes, Ivan Galvão and Maria Amélia Ramos Loja
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(10), 2157; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app9102157 - 27 May 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5192
Abstract
Laser welding presents a core position in the health sector. This process has had an outstanding impact on the surgical procedures from many medical areas, such as on vascular and nervous surgeries. The aim of the present research is to present an overview [...] Read more.
Laser welding presents a core position in the health sector. This process has had an outstanding impact on the surgical procedures from many medical areas, such as on vascular and nervous surgeries. The aim of the present research is to present an overview on the evolution of laser welding of vascular and nervous tissues. These surgeries present many advantages, such as an absence of foreign-body reactions and aneurysms and good tensile strengths. However, despite the sutureless nature of the process, complementary sutures have been applied to support the procedure success. An important concern in vascular and nervous laser welding is the thermal damage. The development of temperature-controlled feedback systems has reduced this concern with a very precise control of the laser parameters. The bonding strength of vascular and nerve laser welds can be enhanced with the application of solder solutions, bonding materials, and laser-activated dyes. Alternative techniques to laser welding, such as photochemical tissue bonding and electrosurgical high-frequency technologies, have also been tested for vascular and nervous repairs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Frontiers of Laser Welding Technology)
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