Novel Research on Microbial Communities in the Food Chain

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2023) | Viewed by 4794

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Dublin D04V1W8, Ireland
Interests: study of food-borne pathogens and complex microbial communities using advanced genomic techniques and cutting-edge metagenomic approaches; using high-throughput sequencing to investigate outbreaks of important infectious disease agents; development of novel sequencing and bioinformatics methods to aid the interpretation of genome and metagenome scale data generated in clinical and public health microbiology

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Guest Editor
UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
Interests: use of cutting-edge genomics and metagenomics approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of infectious disease and food-borne pathogens; using novel sequencing technologies and high-definition phenotypic characterisation for revealing molecular mechanisms that control gene expression in bacteria, with particular attention to studying the regulation of determinants and processes related to antimicrobial resistance; real-time genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Ireland
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microorganisms in all the ecosystems, including the ocean, soil, and the human body, live within complex, multispecies communities, forming an intricate network of relations in the form of metabolites and genetic materials. Due to their complexity, it is often extremely difficult to understand how these communities work and characterise their members, which can be often unculturable and for this reason not yet identified. To address these challenges, novel culture-independent techniques can be used in addition to traditional culturing approaches to understand the basic mechanisms that are at play within microbial communities, involved in driving species interactions, and general principles of community formation and their composition. Novel approaches including a variety of different -omics-based methods have increasingly been recently applied to study the composition of microbial communities along multiple food chains from the perspective of genetic diversity, functionality, and succession, including spoilage microflora, foodborne pathogens and also for studying functional microorganisms and the use of microorganisms to produce foods, for example by fermentation. This Special Issue aim to provide an overview of the significance of studying microbial communities in the food chain, discuss the current state of the research in this field, the methods for facilitating the isolation, development and harnessing of new starter strains, adjuncts, probiotics, with accompanying novel flavour, metabolic, and health-promoting functionalities. It also aims to report on the knowledge around conventional culture-based investigations of the microbiology of food chains complemented by cutting edge metagenomic-based methods and bioinformatic analysis to provide even greater insight into the fascinating systems biology and applied microbiology.

Dr. Guerrino Macori
Prof. Séamus Fanning
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • genomics
  • metagenomics
  • microbial communities
  • functional foods
  • foodborne pathogens
  • high-throughput sequencing
  • NGS
  • predictive microbiology
  • virulence factors
  • metatranscriptomics
  • outbreak investigation
  • fermented foods
  • culture-independent approaches

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2285 KiB  
Article
Traditional Grain-Based vs. Commercial Milk Kefirs, How Different Are They?
by Fatemeh Nejati, Charlotte C. Capitain, Jannike Lea Krause, Gi-Ung Kang, René Riedel, Hyun-Dong Chang, Jens Kurreck, Stefan Junne, Philipp Weller and Peter Neubauer
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3838; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app12083838 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2504
Abstract
Traditional kefir, which is claimed for health-promoting properties, is made from natural grain-based kefir, while commercial kefirs are made of defined mixtures of microorganisms. Here, approaches are described how to discriminate commercial and traditional kefirs. These two groups of kefirs were characterized by [...] Read more.
Traditional kefir, which is claimed for health-promoting properties, is made from natural grain-based kefir, while commercial kefirs are made of defined mixtures of microorganisms. Here, approaches are described how to discriminate commercial and traditional kefirs. These two groups of kefirs were characterized by in-depth analysis on the taxonomic and functional level. Cultivation-independent targeted qPCR as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS) proved a completely different microbial composition in traditional and commercial kefirs. While in the traditional kefirs, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was the dominant bacterial species, commercial kefirs were dominated by Lactococcus lactis. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry also revealed drastic differences between commercial and traditional kefirs; the former built a separate cluster together with yogurt samples. Lactose and galactose concentrations in commercial kefirs were considerably higher than in traditional kefirs, which is important regarding their health properties for people who have specific intolerances. In summary, the analyzed commercial kefirs do not resemble the microbial community and metabolite characteristics of traditional grain-based kefir. Thus, they may deliver different functional effects to the consumers, which remain to be examined in future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research on Microbial Communities in the Food Chain)
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9 pages, 3161 KiB  
Article
Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a Ferulic Acid Esterase from Aspergillus aculeatus with Potential Use in Sunflower Seed Processing
by Wenbin Zhang, Jieyu Wang, Yuechen Liu and Juncai Leng
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(10), 4453; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11104453 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1638
Abstract
Hydrolytic activity for chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been recognized as an important side activity of some types of ferulic acid esterases. The purpose of this work was to enhance the efficient expression of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and to explore its application in [...] Read more.
Hydrolytic activity for chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been recognized as an important side activity of some types of ferulic acid esterases. The purpose of this work was to enhance the efficient expression of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and to explore its application in the processing of sunflower seed. Two novel FAEs from Aspergillus aculeatus (AaSD14) were expressed in genetically engineered E. coli BL21 (DE3), and their properties, including temperature, pH, metal ions and substrate specificity, were characterized after purification. Competitive CGA hydrolysis activity was observed in these recombined ferulic acid esterases (reFAEs) with reFAE1 of 246.37 U/g and reFAE2 of 340.95 U/g, which were 56.6 and 78.4 times higher than that of the wild strain (4.35 U/g), respectively. Meanwhile, the fermentation cycle was greatly shortened to 2.0 d. These reFAEs were recognized as type C FAE through substrate specificity assays. Treatment of sunflower seed protein (SSP) using reFAE2 resulted in a remarkable color change, from green to milk-white, confirming the activity of CGA biodegradation. Therefore, it shows certain potential in the processing of sunflower seed and other related foodstuffs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Research on Microbial Communities in the Food Chain)
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