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Biomedicines
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Recent Insight in Auto-Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases
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Recent Insight in Auto-Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 4875

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marcella Prete

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Unit, University of Bari Medical School “Aldo Moro”, I-70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: autoimmune rheumatologic diseases; molecular mechanisms and treatment approach; applied immunological basic research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Most rheumatic (RDs) and connective-tissue diseases (CTDs) can be placed along a spectrum of disorders, with autoinflammatory diseases (including monogenic systemic autoinflammatory diseases) and autoimmune diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome) representing the two ends of this spectrum. However, although most autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by the activation of innate immunity and inflammasomes and classical autoimmunity typically involves adaptive immune responses, there is some overlap in the features of autoimmunity and autoinflammation in these entities. Indeed, some ‘mixed-pattern’ diseases such as spondyloarthritis and some forms of rheumatoid arthritis can also be delineated.

The pathogenesis of such diseases involves a complex interplay between the immune system and environmental factors (non-infectious or infectious) and critically depends on individual susceptibility to such factors.

Knowledge and understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to these conditions can lead to the development of novel diagnostic strategies and future effective therapies, providing better life expectancies to patients with autoimmune diseases.

The topic of this Special Issue of Biomedicines, entitled “Recent Insights in Auto-Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases” is focused on novelties in the pathogenesis or treatment of these pathological conditions based on the most recent scientific discoveries. In this view, researchers are invited to contribute with original works and reviews.

Dr. Marcella Prete
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 227 KiB  
Article
Increased Prevalence of Headaches and Migraine in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis and Axial Spondyloarthritis: Insights from an Italian Cohort Study
by Annalisa Marino, Damiano Currado, Claudia Altamura, Marta Vomero, Onorina Berardicurti, Erika Corberi, Lyubomyra Kun, Andrea Pilato, Alice Biaggi, Irene Genovali, Pietro Bearzi, Marco Minerba, Antonio Orlando, Francesca Trunfio, Maria Quadrini, Chiara Salvolini, Letizia Pia Di Corcia, Francesca Saracino, Roberto Giacomelli and Luca Navarini
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 371; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines12020371 - 05 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1072
Abstract
Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are inflammatory diseases with shared genetic backgrounds and clinical comorbidities. Headache, a common global health issue, affects over 50% of adults and encompasses various types, including migraine, tension-type, and cluster headaches. Migraine, the most prevalent, [...] Read more.
Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are inflammatory diseases with shared genetic backgrounds and clinical comorbidities. Headache, a common global health issue, affects over 50% of adults and encompasses various types, including migraine, tension-type, and cluster headaches. Migraine, the most prevalent, recurrent, and disabling type, is often associated with other medical conditions such as depression, epilepsy, and psoriasis, but little is known about the relationship between autoimmune disease and the risk of migraine. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2022, enrolling 286 participants, including 216 with PsA, 70 with axSpA, and 87 healthy controls. Results: Headache prevalence was significantly higher in the PsA (39.81%) and axSpA (45.71%) patients compared to the healthy controls. The prevalence of migraine without aura was also significantly higher in both the PsA (18.52%) and axSpA (28.57%) groups compared to the healthy controls. Conclusions: These findings underscore the high burden of headache and migraine in PsA and axSpA participants, highlighting the need for improved management and treatment strategies for these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Insight in Auto-Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases)
11 pages, 727 KiB  
Article
Discriminating between Homogeneous (AC-1) and Dense Fine Speckled (AC-2) Antinuclear Antibody Patterns: Re-Evaluation of Immunofluorescence Imaging
by Han-Hua Yu, Pao-Feng Hsieh, Szu-Wei Huang, Tien-Ming Chan, Pao-Lien Tai, Shih-Ting Yang and Kuang-Hui Yu
Biomedicines 2023, 11(11), 3027; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines11113027 - 11 Nov 2023
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Abstract
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are essential diagnostic markers in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Among the 30 ANA patterns, homogeneous (AC-1) and dense fine speckled (AC-2) should be focused on owing to their somewhat indistinct presentation in immunofluorescence imaging and distinct correlation with clinical conditions. [...] Read more.
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are essential diagnostic markers in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Among the 30 ANA patterns, homogeneous (AC-1) and dense fine speckled (AC-2) should be focused on owing to their somewhat indistinct presentation in immunofluorescence imaging and distinct correlation with clinical conditions. This study aimed to develop a flowchart to guide discrimination between AC-1 and AC-2 patterns and to re-evaluate ANA samples according to this flowchart to verify its detection ability. We re-evaluated immunofluorescence imaging of 62 ANA blood samples simultaneously subjected to solid-phase assays for autoantibodies against dsDNA, nucleosomes, histones, and DFS70. The results showed statistically significant odd ratios (ORs) of detection of anti-DFS70 using AC-2 after re-evaluation of total samples (OR 101.9, 95% CI 11.7–886.4, p-value < 0.001) and subgroup analysis of patients’ samples (OR 53.8, 95% CI 5.9–493.6, p-value < 0.001). The OR of anti-nucleosome/histone/dsDNA detection using AC-1 in re-evaluated data increased to 5.43 (95% CI 1.00–29.61, p-value = 0.05). In the analysis of specific autoantibodies, more than half of the samples with an AC-2 pattern (54.2%) had specific autoantibodies other than anti-DFS70. We conclude that the flowchart for discriminating between AC-1 and AC-2 ANA patterns in this study is a viable practical guide for other laboratories when encountering equivocal ANA results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Insight in Auto-Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases)
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13 pages, 293 KiB  
Article
Uncovering the Role of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection Markers for Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis
by Ana Banko, Andja Cirkovic, Ivica Jeremic, Milica Basaric, Milka Grk, Rada Miskovic, Ivana Lazarevic and Danijela Miljanovic
Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2375; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines11092375 - 24 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has been shown as a potential risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This prospective research aimed to investigate whether EBV infection markers changed during the six-month follow-up period in 133 RA patients (80 newly diagnosed on [...] Read more.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has been shown as a potential risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This prospective research aimed to investigate whether EBV infection markers changed during the six-month follow-up period in 133 RA patients (80 newly diagnosed on methotrexate (MTX)—RA-A, and 53 on biologic therapy—RA-B) and whether it was related to a disease outcome. Reduction of disease activity and inflammation was obtained. A significant decline in seroprevalence and titer for anti-VCA-IgM (p = 0.022 and p = 0.026) and anti-EA(D)-IgM (p = 0.022 and p = 0.006) in RA-A, and in seroprevalence and titer of anti-EA(D)-IgG in the RA-B subgroup (p = 0.021 and p = 0.006) were detected after the follow-up. A lower titer of anti-EBNA1-IgG could be considered a significant marker of RA remission in all RA patients regardless of age and gender (OR = 0.99, 95% CI OR = 0.98–0.99, p = 0.038), and also in RA-B patients separately (OR = 0.988, 95% CI OR = 0.98–0.99, p = 0.041). This study supported the basic hypothesis that the immune response to EBV infection is involved in the RA pathogenesis, at the beginning of the disease or during the RA evolution. Moreover, the potential influence of MTX or TNF-alpha inhibitors on the impairment of the host to control EBV infection was indirectly refuted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Insight in Auto-Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases)
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