Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
3.7
4.7
Journals
Biomedicines
Special Issues
Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy
share announcement

Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 59271

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yongdoo Choi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Technology Convergence, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
Interests: nanomedicine; molecular imaging; photodynamic therapy; image-guided surgery; radiation therapy; immune therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical imaging and therapy agents have shown great potential for noninvasive, real-time, and precise detection and treatment of various diseases. For example, near-infrared fluorescent agents used in fluorescence image-guided surgery help surgeons to detect the location and boundary of diseased tissues in real time. Photoacoustic imaging agents were recently developed for in vivo imaging of tissues or target sites in deeper positions of the body. Targeted or activatable photodynamic/photothermal agents enable selective and rapid destruction of target cells with minimized side effects. This Special Issue aims to provide an up-to-date collection of original research and review papers on the development of novel nanomedicines for optical imaging and/or phototherapy of cancers and other diseases. The nanomedicines addressed in manuscripts can be in the form of carrier-free nanodrugs, polymeric conjugates, polymeric nanogels, or inorganic nanoparticles.

Dr. Yongdoo Choi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • polymeric conjugate
  • fluorescence imaging
  • photoacoustic imaging
  • photodynamic therapy
  • photothermal therapy
  • light-triggered
  • stimulus-responsive

Published Papers (13 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 2773 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Nanoparticle Penetration in the Tumor Spheroid Using Two-Photon Microscopy
by Feby Wijaya Pratiwi, Chien-Chung Peng, Si-Han Wu, Chiung Wen Kuo, Chung-Yuan Mou, Yi-Chung Tung and Peilin Chen
Biomedicines 2021, 9(1), 10; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9010010 - 24 Dec 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3472
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as a prominent nanomedicine platform, especially for tumor-related nanocarrier systems. However, there is increasing concern about the ability of nanoparticles (NPs) to penetrate solid tumors, resulting in compromised antitumor efficacy. Because the physicochemical properties of NPs play [...] Read more.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as a prominent nanomedicine platform, especially for tumor-related nanocarrier systems. However, there is increasing concern about the ability of nanoparticles (NPs) to penetrate solid tumors, resulting in compromised antitumor efficacy. Because the physicochemical properties of NPs play a significant role in their penetration and accumulation in solid tumors, it is essential to systematically study their relationship in a model system. Here, we report a multihierarchical assessment of the accumulation and penetration of fluorescence-labeled MSNs with nine different physicochemical properties in tumor spheroids using two-photon microscopy. Our results indicated that individual physicochemical parameters separately could not define the MSNs’ ability to accumulate in a deeper tumor region; their features are entangled. We observed that the MSNs’ stability determined their success in reaching the hypoxia region. Moreover, the change in the MSNs’ penetration behavior postprotein crowning was associated with both the original properties of NPs and proteins on their surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3634 KiB  
Article
Photosensitizer-Trapped Gold Nanocluster for Dual Light-Responsive Phototherapy
by Junho Byun, Dongyoon Kim, Jaehyun Choi, Gayong Shim and Yu-Kyoung Oh
Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines8110521 - 20 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2396
Abstract
Photoresponsive nanomaterials have recently received great attention in the field of cancer therapy. Here, we report a photosensitizer-trapped gold nanocluster that can facilitate dual light-responsive cancer therapy. We utilized methylene blue (MB) as a model photosensitizer, gold nanocluster as a model photothermal agent, [...] Read more.
Photoresponsive nanomaterials have recently received great attention in the field of cancer therapy. Here, we report a photosensitizer-trapped gold nanocluster that can facilitate dual light-responsive cancer therapy. We utilized methylene blue (MB) as a model photosensitizer, gold nanocluster as a model photothermal agent, and a polymerized DNA as the backbone of the nanocluster. We synthesized MB-intercalated gold DNA nanocluster (GMDN) via reduction and clustering of gold ions on a template consisting of MB-intercalated long DNA. Upon GMDN treatment, cancer cells revealed clear cellular uptake of MB and gold clusters; following dual light irradiation (660 nm/808 nm), the cells showed reactive oxygen species generation and increased temperature. Significantly higher cancer cell death was observed in cells treated with GMDN and dual irradiation compared with non-irradiated or single light-irradiated cells. Mice systemically injected with GMDN showed enhanced tumor accumulation compared to that of free MB and exhibited increased temperature upon near infrared irradiation of the tumor site. Tumor growth was almost completely inhibited in GMDN-treated tumor-bearing mice after dual light irradiation, and the survival rate of this group was 100% over more than 60 days. These findings suggest that GMDN could potentially function as an effective phototherapeutic for the treatment of cancer disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 6204 KiB  
Article
Alendronate/cRGD-Decorated Ultrafine Hyaluronate Dot Targeting Bone Metastasis
by Eunsol Lee, Jaeduk Park, Yu Seok Youn, Kyung Taek Oh, Dongin Kim and Eun Seong Lee
Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 492; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines8110492 - 11 Nov 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2941
Abstract
In this study, we report the hyaluronate dot (dHA) with multiligand targeting ability and a photosensitizing antitumor model drug for treating metastatic bone tumors. Here, the dHA was chemically conjugated with alendronate (ALN, as a specific ligand to bone), cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD, [...] Read more.
In this study, we report the hyaluronate dot (dHA) with multiligand targeting ability and a photosensitizing antitumor model drug for treating metastatic bone tumors. Here, the dHA was chemically conjugated with alendronate (ALN, as a specific ligand to bone), cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD, as a specific ligand to tumor integrin αvβ3), and photosensitizing chlorin e6 (Ce6, for photodynamic tumor therapy), denoted as (ALN/cRGD)@dHA-Ce6. These dots thus prepared (≈10 nm in diameter) enabled extensive cellular interactions such as hyaluronate (HA)-mediated CD44 receptor binding, ALN-mediated bone targeting, and cRGD-mediated tumor integrin αvβ3 binding, thus improving their tumor targeting efficiency, especially for metastasized MDA-MB-231 tumors. As a result, these dots improved the tumor targeting efficiency and tumor cell permeability in a metastatic in vivo tumor model. Indeed, we demonstrated that (ALN/cRGD)@dHA-Ce6 considerably increased photodynamic tumor ablation, the extent of which is superior to that of the tumor ablation of dot systems with single or double ligands. These results indicate that dHA with multiligand can provide an effective treatment strategy for metastatic bone tumors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 3431 KiB  
Article
Indocyanine Green and Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin Complex for Enhanced Photothermal Cancer Therapy
by Gayoung Jo, Bo Young Lee, Eun Jeong Kim, Min Ho Park and Hoon Hyun
Biomedicines 2020, 8(11), 476; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines8110476 - 05 Nov 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3533
Abstract
A feasible and biocompatible supramolecular complex self-assembled from indocyanine green (ICG) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) was developed for targeted cancer imaging, which enhanced fluorescence-guided photothermal cancer therapy. This study confirmed that the formation of an inclusion complex of the heterocyclic ICG moiety and Mβ-CD [...] Read more.
A feasible and biocompatible supramolecular complex self-assembled from indocyanine green (ICG) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) was developed for targeted cancer imaging, which enhanced fluorescence-guided photothermal cancer therapy. This study confirmed that the formation of an inclusion complex of the heterocyclic ICG moiety and Mβ-CD inner cavity could result in improved tumor targetability compared with free ICG. The ICG-CD complex could be used as a bifunctional phototherapeutic agent for targeted cancer phototherapy due to the high tumor targetability of the Mβ-CD moiety and effective photothermal performance of the near-infrared (NIR) ICG moiety. Upon NIR laser irradiation, the photothermal effect exerted by the ICG-CD complex significantly enhanced the temperature at the tumor site by 56.2 °C within 5 min. Targeting HT-29 tumors using the ICG-CD complex resulted in an apparent reduction in tumor volumes over the 9 days after photothermal treatment. Moreover, no tumor recurrence or body weight loss were observed after administering a single dose of ICG-CD complex with NIR laser irradiation. Therefore, the administration of the biocompatible ICG-CD complex in combination with NIR laser treatment can be safely explored as a potential strategy for future clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 6273 KiB  
Article
T1-Positive Mn2+-Doped Multi-Stimuli Responsive poly(L-DOPA) Nanoparticles for Photothermal and Photodynamic Combination Cancer Therapy
by Sumin Kang, Rengarajan Baskaran, Busra Ozlu, Enkhzaya Davaa, Jung Joo Kim, Bong Sup Shim and Su-Geun Yang
Biomedicines 2020, 8(10), 417; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines8100417 - 14 Oct 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3739
Abstract
In this study, we designed near-infrared (NIR)-responsive Mn2+-doped melanin-like poly(L-DOPA) nanoparticles (MNPs), which act as multifunctional nano-platforms for cancer therapy. MNPs, exhibited favorable π-π stacking, drug loading, dual stimuli (NIR and glutathione) responsive drug release, photothermal and photodynamic therapeutic activities, and [...] Read more.
In this study, we designed near-infrared (NIR)-responsive Mn2+-doped melanin-like poly(L-DOPA) nanoparticles (MNPs), which act as multifunctional nano-platforms for cancer therapy. MNPs, exhibited favorable π-π stacking, drug loading, dual stimuli (NIR and glutathione) responsive drug release, photothermal and photodynamic therapeutic activities, and T1-positive contrast for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). First, MNPs were fabricated via KMnO4 oxidation, where the embedded Mn2+ acted as a T1-weighted contrast agent. MNPs were then modified using a photosensitizer, Pheophorbide A, via a reducible disulfide linker for glutathione-responsive intracellular release, and then loaded with doxorubicin through π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding. The therapeutic potential of MNPs was further explored via targeted design. MNPs were conjugated with folic acid (FA) and loaded with SN38, thereby demonstrating their ability to bind to different anti-cancer drugs and their potential as a versatile platform, integrating targeted cancer therapy and MRI-guided photothermal and chemotherapeutic therapy. The multimodal therapeutic functions of MNPs were investigated in terms of T1-MR contrast phantom study, photothermal and photodynamic activity, stimuli-responsive drug release, enhanced cellular uptake, and in vivo tumor ablation studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Research

15 pages, 2628 KiB  
Review
Advances in Nanomaterial-Mediated Photothermal Cancer Therapies: Toward Clinical Applications
by Hwa Seung Han and Ki Young Choi
Biomedicines 2021, 9(3), 305; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9030305 - 16 Mar 2021
Cited by 188 | Viewed by 8917
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted extensive research attention as a noninvasive and selective treatment strategy for numerous cancers. PTT functions via photothermal effects induced by converting light energy into heat on near-infrared laser irradiation. Despite the great advances in PTT for cancer treatment, [...] Read more.
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted extensive research attention as a noninvasive and selective treatment strategy for numerous cancers. PTT functions via photothermal effects induced by converting light energy into heat on near-infrared laser irradiation. Despite the great advances in PTT for cancer treatment, the photothermal therapeutics using laser devise only or non-specific small molecule PTT agents has been limited because of its low photothermal conversion efficiency, concerns about the biosafety of the photothermal agents, their low tumor accumulation, and a heat resistance of specific types of cancer. Using nanomaterials as PTT agents themselves, or for delivery of PTT agents, offers improved therapeutic outcomes with fewer side effects through enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency, accumulation of the PTT agent in the tumor tissue, and, by extension, through combination with other therapies. Herein, we review PTT’s current clinical progress and present the future outlooks for clinical applications. To better understand clinical PTT applications, we describe nanomaterial-mediated photothermal effects and their mechanism of action in the tumor microenvironment. This review also summarizes recent studies of PTT alone or in combination with other therapies. Overall, innovative and strategically designed PTT platforms are promising next-generation noninvasive cancer treatments to move closer toward clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2880 KiB  
Review
Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends
by Chun-Yan Shih, Pei-Ting Wang, Wu-Chou Su, Hsisheng Teng and Wei-Lun Huang
Biomedicines 2021, 9(2), 137; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9020137 - 01 Feb 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3181
Abstract
Since the first clinical cancer treatment in 1978, photodynamic therapy (PDT) technologies have been largely improved and approved for clinical usage in various cancers. Due to the oxygen-dependent nature, the application of PDT is still limited by hypoxia in tumor tissues. Thus, the [...] Read more.
Since the first clinical cancer treatment in 1978, photodynamic therapy (PDT) technologies have been largely improved and approved for clinical usage in various cancers. Due to the oxygen-dependent nature, the application of PDT is still limited by hypoxia in tumor tissues. Thus, the development of effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT is one of the most important area in PDT field. Recently, emerging nanotechnology has benefitted progress in many areas, including PDT. In this review, after briefly introducing the mechanisms of PDT and hypoxia, as well as basic knowledge about nanomedicines, we will discuss the state of the art of nanomedicine-based approaches for assisting PDT for treating hypoxic tumors, mainly based on oxygen replenishing strategies and the oxygen dependency diminishing strategies. Among these strategies, we will emphasize emerging trends about the use of nanoscale metal–organic framework (nMOF) materials and the combination of PDT with immunotherapy. We further discuss future perspectives and challenges associated with these trends in both the aspects of mechanism and clinical translation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 1930 KiB  
Review
Non-Oncologic Applications of Nanomedicine-Based Phototherapy
by Su Woong Yoo, Gyungseok Oh, Jin Chul Ahn and Euiheon Chung
Biomedicines 2021, 9(2), 113; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9020113 - 25 Jan 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5291
Abstract
Phototherapy is widely applied to various human diseases. Nanomedicine-based phototherapy can be classified into photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). Activated photosensitizer kills the target cells by generating radicals or reactive oxygen species in PDT while generating heat in PTT. Both PDT [...] Read more.
Phototherapy is widely applied to various human diseases. Nanomedicine-based phototherapy can be classified into photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). Activated photosensitizer kills the target cells by generating radicals or reactive oxygen species in PDT while generating heat in PTT. Both PDT and PTT have been employed for treating various diseases, from preclinical to randomized controlled clinical trials. However, there are still hurdles to overcome before entering clinical practice. This review provides an overview of nanomedicine-based phototherapy, especially in non-oncologic diseases. Multiple clinical trials were undertaken to prove the therapeutic efficacy of PDT in dermatologic, ophthalmologic, cardiovascular, and dental diseases. Preclinical studies showed the feasibility of PDT in neurologic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and musculoskeletal diseases. A few clinical studies of PTT were tried in atherosclerosis and dry eye syndrome. Although most studies have shown promising results, there have been limitations in specificity, targeting efficiency, and tissue penetration using phototherapy. Recently, nanomaterials have shown promising results to overcome these limitations. With advanced technology, nanomedicine-based phototherapy holds great potential for broader clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2111 KiB  
Review
Current Limitations and Recent Progress in Nanomedicine for Clinically Available Photodynamic Therapy
by Jooho Park, Yong-Kyu Lee, In-Kyu Park and Seung Rim Hwang
Biomedicines 2021, 9(1), 85; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9010085 - 16 Jan 2021
Cited by 54 | Viewed by 5952
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen, light, and photosensitizers has been receiving great attention, because it has potential for making up for the weakness of the existing therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It has been mainly used to treat cancer, and [...] Read more.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using oxygen, light, and photosensitizers has been receiving great attention, because it has potential for making up for the weakness of the existing therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It has been mainly used to treat cancer, and clinical tests for second-generation photosensitizers with improved physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profiles, or singlet oxygen quantum yield have been conducted. Progress is also being made in cancer theranostics by using fluorescent signals generated by photosensitizers. In order to obtain the effective cytotoxic effects on the target cells and prevent off-target side effects, photosensitizers need to be localized to the target tissue. The use of nanocarriers combined with photosensitizers can enhance accumulation of photosensitizers in the tumor site, owing to preferential extravasation of nanoparticles into the tumor vasculature by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers provide good loading efficiency and sustained release of hydrophobic photosensitizers. In addition, prodrug nanomedicines for PDT can be activated by stimuli in the tumor site. In this review, we introduce current limitations and recent progress in nanomedicine for PDT and discuss the expected future direction of research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4922 KiB  
Review
Recent Trends in Photoacoustic Imaging Techniques for 2D Nanomaterial-Based Phototherapy
by Woo Yeup Jeong, Moon Sung Kang, Haeni Lee, Jong Hun Lee, Jeesu Kim, Dong-Wook Han and Ki Su Kim
Biomedicines 2021, 9(1), 80; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9010080 - 15 Jan 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4048
Abstract
A variety of 2D materials have been developed for therapeutic biomedical studies. Because of their excellent physicochemical properties, 2D materials can be used as carriers for delivering therapeutic agents into a lesion, leading to phototherapy. Various optical imaging techniques have been used for [...] Read more.
A variety of 2D materials have been developed for therapeutic biomedical studies. Because of their excellent physicochemical properties, 2D materials can be used as carriers for delivering therapeutic agents into a lesion, leading to phototherapy. Various optical imaging techniques have been used for the monitoring of the treatment process. Among these, photoacoustic imaging has unique advantages including relatively deep imaging depth and large field of view with high spatial resolution. In this review article, we summarize the types of photoacoustic imaging systems used for phototherapy monitoring, then we explore contrast-enhanced photoacoustic images using 2D materials. Finally, photoacoustic image-guided phototherapies are discussed. We conclude that 2D material-based phototherapy can be efficiently monitored by photoacoustic imaging techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

24 pages, 2025 KiB  
Review
Development of Non-Porous Silica Nanoparticles towards Cancer Photo-Theranostics
by Chihiro Mochizuki, Junna Nakamura and Michihiro Nakamura
Biomedicines 2021, 9(1), 73; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9010073 - 13 Jan 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4941
Abstract
Nanoparticles have demonstrated several advantages for biomedical applications, including for the development of multifunctional agents as innovative medicine. Silica nanoparticles hold a special position among the various types of functional nanoparticles, due to their unique structural and functional properties. The recent development of [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles have demonstrated several advantages for biomedical applications, including for the development of multifunctional agents as innovative medicine. Silica nanoparticles hold a special position among the various types of functional nanoparticles, due to their unique structural and functional properties. The recent development of silica nanoparticles has led to a new trend in light-based nanomedicines. The application of light provides many advantages for in vivo imaging and therapy of certain diseases, including cancer. Mesoporous and non-porous silica nanoparticles have high potential for light-based nanomedicine. Each silica nanoparticle has a unique structure, which incorporates various functions to utilize optical properties. Such advantages enable silica nanoparticles to perform powerful and advanced optical imaging, from the in vivo level to the nano and micro levels, using not only visible light but also near-infrared light. Furthermore, applications such as photodynamic therapy, in which a lesion site is specifically irradiated with light to treat it, have also been advancing. Silica nanoparticles have shown the potential to play important roles in the integration of light-based diagnostics and therapeutics, termed “photo-theranostics”. Here, we review the recent development and progress of non-porous silica nanoparticles toward cancer “photo-theranostics”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1961 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Photodynamic Therapy for Deep-Seated Tumors with the Aid of Nanomedicine
by Wei-Peng Li, Chia-Jui Yen, Bo-Sheng Wu and Tak-Wah Wong
Biomedicines 2021, 9(1), 69; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9010069 - 12 Jan 2021
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 6554
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) works through photoactivation of a specific photosensitizer (PS) in a tumor in the presence of oxygen. PDT is widely applied in oncology to treat various cancers as it has a minimally invasive procedure and high selectivity, does not interfere with [...] Read more.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) works through photoactivation of a specific photosensitizer (PS) in a tumor in the presence of oxygen. PDT is widely applied in oncology to treat various cancers as it has a minimally invasive procedure and high selectivity, does not interfere with other treatments, and can be repeated as needed. A large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen is generated in a cancer cell during PDT, which destroys the tumor effectively. However, the efficacy of PDT in treating a deep-seated tumor is limited due to three main reasons: Limited light penetration depth, low oxygen concentration in the hypoxic core, and poor PS accumulation inside a tumor. Thus, PDT treatments are only approved for superficial and thin tumors. With the advancement of nanotechnology, PDT to treat deep-seated or thick tumors is becoming a reachable goal. In this review, we provide an update on the strategies for improving PDT with nanomedicine using different sophisticated-design nanoparticles, including two-photon excitation, X-ray activation, targeting tumor cells with surface modification, alteration of tumor cell metabolism pathways, release of therapeutic gases, improvement of tumor hypoxia, and stimulation of host immunity. We focus on the difficult-to-treat pancreatic cancer as a model to demonstrate the influence of advanced nanomedicine in PDT. A bright future of PDT application in the treatment of deep-seated tumors is expected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 8986 KiB  
Review
Photo-Based Nanomedicines Using Polymeric Systems in the Field of Cancer Imaging and Therapy
by Patihul Husni, Yuseon Shin, Jae Chang Kim, Kioh Kang, Eun Seong Lee, Yu Seok Youn, Taofik Rusdiana and Kyung Taek Oh
Biomedicines 2020, 8(12), 618; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines8120618 - 16 Dec 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3300
Abstract
The use of photo-based nanomedicine in imaging and therapy has grown rapidly. The property of light in converting its energy into different forms has been exploited in the fields of optical imaging (OI) and phototherapy (PT) for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The development [...] Read more.
The use of photo-based nanomedicine in imaging and therapy has grown rapidly. The property of light in converting its energy into different forms has been exploited in the fields of optical imaging (OI) and phototherapy (PT) for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The development of nanotechnology offers numerous advantages to overcome the challenges of OI and PT. Accordingly, in this review, we shed light on common photosensitive agents (PSAs) used in OI and PT; these include fluorescent and bioluminescent PSAs for OI or PT agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). We also describe photo-based nanotechnology systems that can be used in photo-based diagnostics and therapies by using various polymeric systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomedicines for Optical Imaging and Phototherapy)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-13
Back to TopTop