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Catalysts
Special Issues
Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose and Lignin
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Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose and Lignin

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomass Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 13435

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Li Shuai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
Interests: catalyst development, transient kinetics, rapid spectroscopy, and biomass conversion
Dr. Navneet Kumar Gupta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor, Center for Sustainable Technologies, IISc Bangalore, Gulmohar Marg, Mathikere, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India
Interests: catalyst development; transient kinetics; rapid spectroscopy; identification and characterization of transiently formed reactive intermediates; small molecule activation; halogen chemistry; organic synthesis and biomass conversions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lignocellulosic biomass has been considered as an ideal feedstock to replace diminishing fossil fuels for the production of carbon-based fuels, chemical, and materials. In the last two decades, many new catalysts and catalytic processes have been developed, but issues such as high process complexity, low selectivity, low catalyst stability, and recyclability limit their large-scale applicability. Therefore, we are still in search of efficient and robust catalysts and catalytic processes that can lead to economic and sustainable conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. In particular, a catalyst or catalytic system that could effectively convert a mixture of feedstocks in inexpensive solvents would be attractive. Such a catalyst or catalytic system would lower the cost of feedstock fractionation and purification as well as solvent recovery.

This Special Issue reports the main recent advances in the catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. Full papers, short communications, and reviews related to the catalytic conversion of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin to fuels, chemicals and materials are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Li Shuai
Dr. Navneet Kumar Gupta
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Catalyst Development
  • Reaction Engineering
  • Sustainable Chemistry
  • Lignocellulosic Biomass Valorization
  • Spectroscopy
  • DFT Calculations
  • Mechanistic Study

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 6648 KiB  
Article
Enzymatic Pretreatment Improved the In Vitro Ruminal Degradability of Oil Palm Fronds
by Mohammad Azri Azmi, Ahmad Fariz Nicholas, Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi, Mohd Huzairi Mohd Zainudin, Mohd Termizi Yusof, Zunita Zakaria, Noordin Mohamed Mustapha, Mohd Zamri Saad, Nor Dini Rusli and Hasliza Abu Hassim
Catalysts 2022, 12(5), 461; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/catal12050461 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1708
Abstract
This study aims to increase the in vitro ruminal degradability of oil palm fronds (OPFs) through enzymatic pretreatment. The isolated fungi were selected based on their lignocellulosic degrading enzyme activities. Eleven fungi were successfully isolated, and their enzyme activities were evaluated. Three fungi, [...] Read more.
This study aims to increase the in vitro ruminal degradability of oil palm fronds (OPFs) through enzymatic pretreatment. The isolated fungi were selected based on their lignocellulosic degrading enzyme activities. Eleven fungi were successfully isolated, and their enzyme activities were evaluated. Three fungi, F1, F2 and F4 were selected, and they were identified as Trichoderma harzianum MK027305, Trichoderma harzianum MK027306 and Fusarium solani MK027309, respectively. The highest total gas and methane production was produced when OPFs were pretreated with an enzyme extract from 15 and 30 days of solid-state fermentation of T. harzianum MK027305 and T. harzianum MK027306, respectively. Meanwhile, OPFs pretreated with an enzyme extract from F. solani MK027309 after 45 days of solid-state fermentation produced the highest amount of volatile fatty acids. The pretreatment using the enzymes extracted from 45 days of solid-state fermentation of F. solani MK027309 increases the apparent rumen degradable carbohydrate (ARDC) by 35.29% compared to unpretreated OPF. This study showed that pretreatment of the OPFs using selected fungi’s enzymes increases the volatile fatty acid production and in vitro ruminal degradability of OPF, hence improving livestock production via increased utilization of agricultural by-products with minimal impact on the production cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose and Lignin)
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Review

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25 pages, 1988 KiB  
Review
Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic and Protein-Containing Biomass: A Comprehensive Review
by Abdul Sattar Jatoi, Ayaz Ali Shah, Jawad Ahmed, Shamimur Rehman, Syed Hasseb Sultan, Abdul Karim Shah, Aamir Raza, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, Zubair Hashmi, Muhammad Azam Usto and Muhammad Murtaza
Catalysts 2022, 12(12), 1621; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/catal12121621 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3479
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical depolymerization technology, also known as hydrous pyrolysis, that transforms wet biomass into biocrude and valuable chemicals at a moderate temperature (usually 200–400 °C) and high pressure (typically 10–25 MPa). In HTL, water acts as a key reactant [...] Read more.
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical depolymerization technology, also known as hydrous pyrolysis, that transforms wet biomass into biocrude and valuable chemicals at a moderate temperature (usually 200–400 °C) and high pressure (typically 10–25 MPa). In HTL, water acts as a key reactant in HTL activities. Several properties of water are substantially altered as the reaction state gets closer to the critical point of water, which can result in quick, uniform, and effective reactions. The current review covers the HTL of various feedstocks, especially lignocellulosic and high protein-containing feeds with their in-depth information of the chemical reaction mechanisms involved in the HTL. Further, this review gives insight and knowledge about the influencing factors such as biomass pretreatment, process mode, process conditions, etc., which could affect the efficiency of the hydrothermal process and biocrude productivity. In addition, the latest trends, and emerging challenges to HTL are discussed with suitable recommendations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose and Lignin)
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15 pages, 2484 KiB  
Review
Chemocatalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol: A Mini-Review
by Zhenggang Gong, Xianqing Lv, Junhui Yang, Xiaolin Luo and Li Shuai
Catalysts 2022, 12(8), 922; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/catal12080922 - 21 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2574
Abstract
Ethanol has been widely used as a clean fuel, solvent, and hydrogen carrier. Currently, ethanol is generally produced through fermentation of starch- and sugarcane-derived sugars (e.g., glucose and sucrose) or ethylene hydration. Its production from abundant and inexpensive lignocellulosic biomass would facilitate the [...] Read more.
Ethanol has been widely used as a clean fuel, solvent, and hydrogen carrier. Currently, ethanol is generally produced through fermentation of starch- and sugarcane-derived sugars (e.g., glucose and sucrose) or ethylene hydration. Its production from abundant and inexpensive lignocellulosic biomass would facilitate the development of green and sustainable society. Biomass-derived carbohydrates and syngas can serve as important feedstocks for ethanol synthesis via biological and chemical pathways. Nevertheless, the biological pathway for producing ethanol through biomass-derived glucose fermentation has the disadvantages of long production period and carbon loss. These issues can be effectively mitigated by chemocatalytic methods, which can readily convert biomass to ethanol in high yields and high atomic efficiency. In this article, we review the recent advances in chemocatalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol, with a focus on analyzing the mechanism of chemocatalytic pathways and discussing the issues related to these methods. We hope this mini-review can provide new insights into the development of direct ethanol synthesis from renewable lignocellulosic biomass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose and Lignin)
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28 pages, 6085 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Carbon-Silica Composites: Preparation, Properties, and Applications
by Tianhao Wu, Quanli Ke, Mei Lu, Pengyun Pan, Ying Zhou, Zhenyu Gu, Guokai Cui and Hanfeng Lu
Catalysts 2022, 12(5), 573; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/catal12050573 - 23 May 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4978
Abstract
The thermal catalytic conversion of biomass is currently a prevalent method for producing activated carbon with superb textural properties and excellent adsorption performance. However, activated carbon suffers severely from its poor thermal stability, which can easily result in spontaneous burning. In contrast, silica [...] Read more.
The thermal catalytic conversion of biomass is currently a prevalent method for producing activated carbon with superb textural properties and excellent adsorption performance. However, activated carbon suffers severely from its poor thermal stability, which can easily result in spontaneous burning. In contrast, silica material is famed for its easy accessibility, high specific surface area, and remarkable thermal stability; however, its broader applications are restricted by its strong hydrophilicity. Based on this, the present review summarizes the recent progress made in carbon-silica composite materials, including the various preparation methods using diverse carbon (including biomass resources) and silica precursors, their corresponding structure–function relationship, and their applications in adsorption, insulation, batteries, and sensors. Through their combination, the drawbacks of the individual materials are circumvented while their original advantages are maintained. Finally, several bottlenecks existing in the field of carbon-silica composites, from synthesis to applications, are discussed in this paper, and possible solutions are given accordingly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose and Lignin)
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