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Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry

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A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Tissues and Organs".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 October 2023) | Viewed by 26460

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Dr. Li Xiao

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Guest Editor

Department of Physiology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: dentistry; regenerative medicine; stem cells; tissue engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the past two decades, regenerative dentistry has challenged modern dentistry to intensify dental research and clinical treatments. Stem cells from oral tissue (e.g., dental pulp, jaw bone, periodontal ligament, and lamina propria of oral mucosa, oral epithelium, salivary glands, and the developing tooth organ) have shown potential for the regeneration of various tissues and organs. Through stem cell banking, oral stem cells can be cryogenically preserved for future use in regenerative and personalized medicine. Meanwhile, newly developed dental materials and reagents have been used for orofacial tissue repair in experimental research and clinical practice.

This Special Issue welcomes manuscripts (including original research articles, reviews, and others) providing insight on aspects relevant to applications of oral stem cells; regenerative medicine; orofacial tissue repair; bioengineering of tooth, periodontal tissue and salivary glands; oral stem cell banking; and dental materials for tissue regeneration. We are interested in a wide range of works, including experimental and preclinical studies.

We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Li Xiao
Guest Editor

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Keywords

oral stem cells
oral tissue regeneration
bioengineering
dental materials
stem cell banking

Published Papers (13 papers)

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22 pages, 20295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Light Photofunctionalization to Induce Human Oral Fibroblast Transmigration on Zirconia

by Toshikatsu Suzumura, Takanori Matsuura, Keiji Komatsu, Yoshihiko Sugita, Hatsuhiko Maeda and Takahiro Ogawa

Cells 2023, 12(21), 2542; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells12212542 - 29 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2271

Abstract

Soft tissue adhesion and sealing around dental and maxillofacial implants, related prosthetic components, and crowns are a clinical imperative to prevent adverse outcomes of periodontitis and periimplantitis. Zirconia is often used to fabricate implant components and crowns. Here, we hypothesized that UV treatment of zirconia would induce unique behaviors in fibroblasts that favor the establishment of a soft tissue seal. Human oral fibroblasts were cultured on zirconia specimens to confluency before placing a second zirconia specimen (either untreated or treated with one minute of 172 nm vacuum UV (VUV) light) next to the first specimen separated by a gap of 150 µm. After seven days of culture, fibroblasts only transmigrated onto VUV-treated zirconia, forming a 2.36 mm volume zone and 5.30 mm leading edge. Cells migrating on VUV-treated zirconia were enlarged, with robust formation of multidirectional cytoplastic projections, even on day seven. Fibroblasts were also cultured on horizontally placed and 45° and 60° tilted zirconia specimens, with the latter configurations compromising initial attachment and proliferation. However, VUV treatment of zirconia mitigated the negative impact of tilting, with higher tilt angles increasing the difference in cellular behavior between control and VUV-treated specimens. Fibroblast size, perimeter, and diameter on day seven were greater than on day one exclusively on VUV-treated zirconia. VUV treatment reduced surface elemental carbon and induced superhydrophilicity, confirming the removal of the hydrocarbon pellicle. Similar effects of VUV treatment were observed on glazed zirconia specimens with silica surfaces. One-minute VUV photofunctionalization of zirconia and silica therefore promotes human oral fibroblast attachment and proliferation, especially under challenging culture conditions, and induces specimen-to-specimen transmigration and sustainable photofunctionalization for at least seven days. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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11 pages, 1166 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lipids of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Reduce the Inflammatory Response in Mesenchymal Cells and Macrophages

by Zahra Kargarpour, Layla Panahipour, Michael Mildner, Richard J. Miron and Reinhard Gruber

Cells 2023, 12(4), 634; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells12040634 - 16 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1560

Abstract

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has a potent anti-inflammatory activity but the components mediating this effect remain unknown. Blood lipids have anti-inflammatory properties. The question arises whether this is also true for the lipid fraction of PRF. To answer this question, lipid fractions of solid and liquid PRF were tested for their potential to lower the inflammatory response of ST2 bone marrow stromal cells and primary bone marrow macrophages exposed to IL1β and TNFα, and LPS, respectively. Cytokine production and the underlying signalling pathway were analysed by RT-PCR, immunoassays, and Western blotting. We report here that lipids from solid and liquid PRF substantially lowered cytokine-induced expression of IL6, CCL2 and CCL5 in ST2 cells. Moreover, the inflammatory response induced by Pam3CSK4, the agonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR) TLR2, was partially reduced by the lipid extracts in ST2 cells. The PRF lipids further reduced the LPS-induced expression of IL1β, IL6 and CCL5 in macrophages at the transcriptional level. This was confirmed by showing the ability of PRF lipids to diminish IL6 at the protein level in ST2 cells and macrophages. Likewise, PRF lipid extracts reduced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and moderately decreased the phosphorylation of NFκB-p65 in ST2 cells. These findings suggest that the lipid fraction is at least partially responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of PRF in vitro. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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18 pages, 6588 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultraviolet Light Treatment of Titanium Microfiber Scaffolds Enhances Osteoblast Recruitment and Osteoconductivity in a Vertical Bone Augmentation Model: 3D UV Photofunctionalization

by Hiroaki Kitajima, Makoto Hirota, Keiji Komatsu, Hitoshi Isono, Takanori Matsuura, Kenji Mitsudo and Takahiro Ogawa

Cells 2023, 12(1), 19; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells12010019 - 21 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1366

Abstract

Vertical bone augmentation to create host bone prior to implant placement is one of the most challenging regenerative procedures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capacity of a UV-photofunctionalized titanium microfiber scaffold to recruit osteoblasts, generate intra-scaffold bone, and integrate with host bone in a vertical augmentation model with unidirectional, limited blood supply. Scaffolds were fabricated by molding and sintering grade 1 commercially pure titanium microfibers (20 μm diameter) and treated with UVC light (200–280 nm wavelength) emitted from a low-pressure mercury lamp for 20 min immediately before experiments. The scaffolds had an even and dense fiber network with 87% porosity and 20–50 mm inter-fiber distance. Surface carbon reduced from 30% on untreated scaffold to 10% after UV treatment, which corresponded to hydro-repellent to superhydrophilic conversion. Vertical infiltration testing revealed that UV-treated scaffolds absorbed 4-, 14-, and 15-times more blood, water, and glycerol than untreated scaffolds, respectively. In vitro, four-times more osteoblasts attached to UV-treated scaffolds than untreated scaffolds three hours after seeding. On day 2, there were 70% more osteoblasts on UV-treated scaffolds. Fluorescent microscopy visualized confluent osteoblasts on UV-treated microfibers two days after seeding but sparse and separated cells on untreated microfibers. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin gene expression were significantly greater in osteoblasts grown on UV-treated microfiber scaffolds. In an in vivo model of vertical augmentation on rat femoral cortical bone, the interfacial strength between innate cortical bone and UV-treated microfiber scaffold after two weeks of healing was double that observed between bone and untreated scaffold. Morphological and chemical analysis confirmed seamless integration of the innate cortical and regenerated bone within microfiber networks for UV-treated scaffolds. These results indicate synergy between titanium microfiber scaffolds and UV photofunctionalization to provide a novel and effective strategy for vertical bone augmentation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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18 pages, 3409 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Ultrastructural Characterization of Human Gingival Fibroblasts in 3D Culture

by Sandra Liliana Alfonso García, Laura Marcela Mira Uribe, Susana Castaño López, Monica Tatiana Parada-Sanchez and David Arboleda-Toro

Cells 2022, 11(22), 3647; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11223647 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1759

Abstract

Cell spheroids are applied in various fields of research, such as the fabrication of three-dimensional artificial tissues in vitro, disease modeling, stem cell research, regenerative therapy, and biotechnology. A preclinical 3D culture model of primary human gingival fibroblasts free of external factors and/or chemical inducers is presented herein. The ultrastructure of the spheroids was characterized to establish a cellular model for the study of periodontal tissue regeneration. The liquid overlay technique was used with agarose to generate spheroids. Fibroblasts in 2D culture and cell spheroids were characterized by immunofluorescence, and cell spheroids were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, backscattered electrons, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ostegenic related genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Gingival fibroblasts formed spheroids spontaneously and showed amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticle deposits on their surface. The results suggest that human gingival fibroblasts have an intrinsic potential to generate a mineralized niche in 3D culture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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18 pages, 2932 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Potential Application of Human Gingival Fibroblast-Conditioned Media in Pulp Regeneration: An In Vitro Study

by Huong Thu Vu, Ji-Young Yoon, Jae-Hee Park, Hae-Hyoung Lee, Khandmaa Dashnyam, Hae-Won Kim, Jung-Hwan Lee, Ji-Sun Shin and Jong-Bin Kim

Cells 2022, 11(21), 3398; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11213398 - 27 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2078

Abstract

Regenerative endodontic treatment based on tissue engineering has recently gained interest in contemporary restorative dentistry. However, low survival rates and poor potential differentiation of stem cells could undermine the success rate of pulp regenerative therapy. Human gingival fibroblast-conditioned medium (hGF-CM) has been considered a potential therapy for tissue regeneration due to its stability in maintaining multiple factors essential for tissue regeneration compared to live cell transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the potency of hGF-CM on stem cells from human dental pulp (DPSC) in pulp regeneration. A series of experiments confirmed that hGF-CM contributes to a significant increase in proliferation, migration capability, and cell viability of DPSC after H₂O₂ exposure. Moreover, it has been proved to facilitate the odontogenic differentiation of DPSC via qRT-PCR, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), and ARS (Alizarin Red S) staining. It has been discovered that such highly upregulated odontogenesis is related to certain types of ECM proteins (collagen and laminin) from hGF-CM via proteomics. In addition, it is found that the ERK pathway is a key mechanism via inhibition assay based on RNA-seq result. These findings demonstrate that hGF-CM could be beneficial biomolecules for pulp regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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13 pages, 1446 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Human Deciduous Dental Pulp-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium on the Metabolism of HUVECs, Osteoblasts, and BMSCs

by Ryo Kunimatsu, Tomoka Hiraki, Kodai Rikitake, Kengo Nakajima, Nurul Aisyah Rizky Putranti, Takaharu Abe, Kazuyo Ando, Ayaka Nakatani, Shuzo Sakata and Kotaro Tanimoto

Cells 2022, 11(20), 3222; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11203222 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1535

Abstract

In this study, we assessed the effects of human deciduous dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium (SHED-CM) on the properties of various cell types. The effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in SHED-CM on the luminal architecture, proliferative ability, and angiogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were determined. We also investigated the effects of SHED-CM on the proliferation of human-bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and mouse calvarial osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) as well as the expression of ALP, OCN, and RUNX2. The protein levels of ALP were examined using Western blot analysis. VEGF blockade in SHED-CM suppressed the proliferative ability and angiogenic potential of HUVECs, indicating that VEGF in SHED-CM contributes to angiogenesis. The culturing of hBMSCs and MC3T3-E1 cells with SHED-CM accelerated cell growth and enhanced mRNA expression of bone differentiation markers. The addition of SHED-CM enhanced ALP protein expression in hBMSCs and MT3T3-E1 cells compared with that of the 0% FBS group. Furthermore, SHED-CM promoted the metabolism of HUVECs, MC3T3-E1 cells, and hBMSCs. These findings indicate the potential benefits of SHED-CM in bone tissue regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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15 pages, 6294 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Provisional Matrix Formation at Implant Surfaces—The Bridging Role of Calcium Ions

by Eduardo Anitua and Ricardo Tejero

Cells 2022, 11(19), 3048; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11193048 - 29 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1333

Abstract

The success of dental implants lies in their strong and lasting integration into the patient’s receiving bone. The first biological interactions at the implant surface determine the subsequent evolution of the integration process. In this study we set our objective to analyze the mechanistic interaction of the early regenerative matrix at implant surfaces modified with calcium ions (Ca) as compared to standard implant surfaces (NoCa). We put the surfaces in a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) to monitor the frequency shift (f) and the viscoelastic properties of the adsorbed biofilms and used Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to visualize the resulting interfaces. Upon the addition of human blood plasma, Ca surfaces formed an adsorbed three-dimensional film attached to the surface (∆f = −40 Hz), while with NoCa, the biofilm formed but was not attached to the surface (∆f = 0 Hz). After 20 min in blood, two representative commercial implants with Ca and NoCa surfaces showed also distinct interfaces: Ca implants formed a visible clot attached to the implant which was composed mainly of platelets (Surface Coverage: 40 ± 20%) and some red blood cells (SC: 9 ± 3%) entrapped within a fibrin network (SC: 93 ± 5%). The NoCa implants were largely populated by red blood cells (SC: 67 ± 12%) with scarce fibrin remnants (SC: 3 ± 2%), and the implants showed no clot on their surfaces macroscopically. The pre-clinical and clinical results discussed in this work encourage the modification of titanium implant surfaces with calcium ions to improve the bone regenerative process. Taken together, these results add more information about the roles of Ca ions in bridging the formation of the provisional matrix at implant surfaces and their effects on implant osseointegration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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18 pages, 3975 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modulation of Inflammatory Responses by a Non-Invasive Physical Plasma Jet during Gingival Wound Healing

by Benedikt Eggers, Matthias Bernhard Stope, Jana Marciniak, Alexander Mustea, James Deschner, Marjan Nokhbehsaim and Franz-Josef Kramer

Cells 2022, 11(17), 2740; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11172740 - 2 Sep 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1710

Abstract

Gingival wound healing plays an important role in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases. In some cases, however, wound healing is delayed by various endogenous or exogenous factors. In recent years, non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP), a highly reactive gas, has become the focus of research, because of its anti-inflammatory and wound healing-promoting efficacy. So far, since NIPP application has been poorly elucidated in dentistry, the aim of this study was to further investigate the effect of NIPP on various molecules associated with inflammation and wound healing in gingival cells. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) were treated with NIPP at different application times. Cell viability and cell morphology were assessed using DAPI/phalloidin staining. Cyclooxygenase (COX)2; tumour necrosis factor (TNF); CC Motif Chemokine Ligand (CCL)2; and interleukin (IL)1B, IL6 and IL8 were analysed at the mRNA and protein level by a real-time PCR and ELISA. NIPP did not cause any damage to the cells. Furthermore, NIPP led to a downregulation of proinflammatory molecules. Our study shows that NIPP application does not damage the gingival tissue and that the promotion of wound healing is also due to an anti-inflammatory component. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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14 pages, 3769 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Immunorthodontics: PD-L1, a Novel Immunomodulator in Cementoblasts, Is Regulated by HIF-1α under Hypoxia

by Jiawen Yong, Sabine Gröger, Julia von Bremen, Joerg Meyle and Sabine Ruf

Cells 2022, 11(15), 2350; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11152350 - 30 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2387

Abstract

Recent studies have revealed that hypoxia alters the PD-L1 expression in periodontal cells. HIF-1α is a key regulator for PD-L1. As hypoxia presents a hallmark of an orthodontically induced microenvironment, hypoxic stimulation of PD-L1 expression may play vital roles in immunorthodontics and orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). This study aims to investigate the hypoxic regulation of PD-L1 in cementoblasts, and its interaction with hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression. The cementoblast (OCCM-30) cells (M. Somerman, NIH, NIDCR, Bethesda, Maryland) were cultured in the presence and absence of cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl₂). Protein expression of PD-L1 and HIF-1α as well as their gene expression were evaluated by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. Immunofluorescence was applied to visualize the localization of the proteins within cells. The HIF-1α inhibitor (HY-111387, MedChemExpress) was added, and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid targeting HIF-1α was transferred for further investigation by flow cytometry analysis. Under hypoxic conditions, cementoblasts undergo an up-regulation of PD-L1 expression at protein and mRNA levels. Silencing of HIF-1α using CRISPR/Cas9 indicated a major positive correlation with HIF-1α in regulating PD-L1 expression. Taken together, these findings show the influence of hypoxia on PD-L1 expression is modulated in a HIF-1α dependent manner. The HIF-1α/PD-L1 pathway may play a role in the immune response of cementoblasts. Thus, combined HIF-1α/PD-L1 inhibition could be of possible therapeutic relevance for OIIRR prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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17 pages, 2698 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Cell Delivery System Exploiting Synergy between Fresh Titanium and Fibronectin

by Makoto Hirota, Norio Hori, Yoshihiko Sugita, Takayuki Ikeda, Wonhee Park, Juri Saruta and Takahiro Ogawa

Cells 2022, 11(14), 2158; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11142158 - 10 Jul 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2153

Abstract

Delivering and retaining cells in areas of interest is an ongoing challenge in tissue engineering. Here we introduce a novel approach to fabricate osteoblast-loaded titanium suitable for cell delivery for bone integration, regeneration, and engineering. We hypothesized that titanium age influences the efficiency of protein adsorption and cell loading onto titanium surfaces. Fresh (newly machined) and 1-month-old (aged) commercial grade 4 titanium disks were prepared. Fresh titanium surfaces were hydrophilic, whereas aged surfaces were hydrophobic. Twice the amount of type 1 collagen and fibronectin adsorbed to fresh titanium surfaces than aged titanium surfaces after a short incubation period of three hours, and 2.5-times more fibronectin than collagen adsorbed regardless of titanium age. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were incubated on protein-adsorbed titanium surfaces for three hours, and osteoblast loading was most efficient on fresh titanium adsorbed with fibronectin. The number of osteoblasts loaded using this synergy between fresh titanium and fibronectin was nine times greater than that on aged titanium with no protein adsorption. The loaded cells were confirmed to be firmly attached and functional. The number of loaded cells was strongly correlated with the amount of protein adsorbed regardless of the protein type, with fibronectin simply more efficiently adsorbed on titanium surfaces than collagen. The role of surface hydrophilicity of fresh titanium surfaces in increasing protein adsorption or cell loading was unclear. The hydrophilicity of protein-adsorbed titanium increased with the amount of protein but was not the primary determinant of cell loading. In conclusion, the osteoblast loading efficiency was dependent on the age of the titanium and the amount of protein adsorption. In addition, the efficiency of protein adsorption was specific to the protein, with fibronectin being much more efficient than collagen. This is a novel strategy to effectively deliver osteoblasts ex vivo and in vivo using titanium as a vehicle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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12 pages, 2165 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro and Ex Vivo Kinetic Release Profile of Growth Factors and Cytokines from Leucocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Preparations

by Xuzhu Wang, Melissa R. Fok, George Pelekos, Lijian Jin and Maurizio S. Tonetti

Cells 2022, 11(13), 2089; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11132089 - 30 Jun 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2362

Abstract

L-PRF is an autologous blood-derived biomaterial (ABDB) capable of releasing biologically active agents to promote healing. Little is known about its release profile of growth factors (GFs), cytokines, and MMPs. This study reported the in vitro and ex vivo release kinetics of GFs, cytokines, and MMPs from L-PRF at 6, 24, 72, and 168 h. The in vitro release rates of PDGF, TGF-β1, EGF, FGF-2, VEGF, and MMPs decreased over time with different rates, while those of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 were low at 6 h and then increased rapidly for up to 24 h and subsequently decreased. Of note, the release rates of the GFs followed first-order kinetics both in vitro and ex vivo. Higher rates of release were found ex vivo, suggesting that significant amounts of GFs were produced by the local cells within the wound. In addition, the half-life times of GFs locally produced in the wound, including PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, and VEGF, were significantly extended (p < 0.05). This work demonstrates that L-PRF can sustain the release of GFs and cytokines for up to 7 days, and it shows that the former can activate cells to produce additional mediators and amplify the communication network for optimizing the wound environment, thereby enhancing healing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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13 pages, 6062 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combination of Carbonate Hydroxyapatite and Stem Cells from Human Deciduous Teeth Promotes Bone Regeneration by Enhancing BMP-2, VEGF and CD31 Expression in Immunodeficient Mice

by Nurul Aisyah Rizky Putranti, Ryo Kunimatsu, Kodai Rikitake, Tomoka Hiraki, Kengo Nakajima, Takaharu Abe, Yuji Tsuka, Shuzo Sakata, Ayaka Nakatani, Hiroki Nikawa and Kotaro Tanimoto

Cells 2022, 11(12), 1914; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells11121914 - 13 Jun 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2023

Abstract

The objective of this study was to clarify the efficiency of a combination of stem cells from human deciduous teeth and carbonate apatite in bone regeneration of calvarial defects. Immunodeficient mice (n = 5 for each group/4 groups) with artificial calvarial bone defects (5 mm in diameter) were developed, and stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and carbonate hydroxyapatite (CAP) granules were transplanted with an atelocollagen sponge as a scaffold. A 3D analysis using microcomputed tomography, and 12 weeks after transplantation, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of markers of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cluster of differentiation (CD) 31 were performed. In the 3D analysis, regenerated bone formation was observed in SHEDs and CAP, with the combination of SHEDs and CAP showing significantly greater bone regeneration than that in the other groups. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations showed that combining SHEDs and CAP enhanced the expression of BMP-2, VEGF, and CD31, and promoted bone regeneration. This study demonstrates that the combination of SHEDs and CAP transplantation may be a promising tool for bone regeneration in alveolar defects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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22 pages, 3817 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using Autologous Platelet Concentrates (Platelet-Rich Plasma, Platelet-Rich Fibrin, and Concentrated Growth Factor) Combined with Bone Graft: A Systematic Review

by Giuseppina Malcangi, Assunta Patano, Giulia Palmieri, Chiara Di Pede, Giulia Latini, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Denisa Hazballa, Elisabetta de Ruvo, Grazia Garofoli, Francesco Inchingolo, Gianna Dipalma, Elio Minetti and Angelo Michele Inchingolo

Cells 2023, 12(13), 1797; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells12131797 - 6 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2119

Abstract

Background: The current review aims to provide an overview of the most recent research on the potentials of concentrated growth factors used in the maxillary sinus lift technique. Materials and methods: “PRP”, “PRF”, “L-PRF”, “CGF”, “oral surgery”, “sticky bone”, “sinus lift” were the search terms utilized in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed, with the Boolean operator “AND” and “OR”. Results: Of these 1534 studies, 22 publications were included for this review. Discussion: The autologous growth factors released from platelet concentrates can help to promote bone remodeling and cell proliferation, and the application of platelet concentrates appears to reduce the amount of autologous bone required during regenerative surgery. Many authors agree that growth factors considerably enhance early vascularization in bone grafts and have a significantly positive pro-angiogenic influence in vivo when combined with alloplastic and xenogeneic materials, reducing inflammation and postoperative pain and stimulating the regeneration of injured tissues and accelerating their healing. Conclusions: Even if further studies are still needed, the use of autologous platelet concentrates can improve clinical results where a large elevation of the sinus is needed by improving bone height, thickness and vascularization of surgical sites, and post-operative healing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Regenerative Dentistry)

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