Chromatin Regulation in Brain Homeostasis and Disease

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Nuclei: Function, Transport and Receptors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 2060

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
2. Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
Interests: chromatin; autism spectrum disorders; learning and memory

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The structure and 3D organisation of chromatin within the nucleus are important determinants of cellular identity and function. The factors that regulate chromatin structure vary in their activity and include enzymes that covalently and reversibly modify DNA and histone proteins, directly remodel local chromatin structure by nucleosome translocation or eviction, pioneer transcription factors, factors that recruit and tether chromatin domains to specific subnuclear compartments, and large protein complexes that constrain 3D chromatin organisation in the nucleus. We are just beginning to understand the functions of some of these chromatin regulators in the development, maintenance and function of different brain regions, with their myriad of specialised cell types. Significant advances in human genetics over the last decade have led to the identification of mutations in the genes that encode chromatin regulators in brain diseases. No doubt, many more remain to be identified. These advances have left us with a wealth of disease associations, but little understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie these conditions. We invite contributions to this Special Issue from all areas related to this burgeoning field that provide novel insights into the importance of chromatin regulation in brain development and homeostasis and dysregulated mechanisms responsible for disease.

Prof. Albert Basson
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 1308 KiB  
Article
Sexually Dimorphic Alterations in the Transcriptome and Behavior with Loss of Histone Demethylase KDM5C
by Katherine M. Bonefas, Christina N. Vallianatos, Brynne Raines, Natalie C. Tronson and Shigeki Iwase
Cells 2023, 12(4), 637; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells12040637 - 16 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1540
Abstract
Chromatin dysregulation has emerged as a major hallmark of neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The prevalence of ID and ASD is higher in males compared to females, with unknown mechanisms. Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic, Claes-Jensen [...] Read more.
Chromatin dysregulation has emerged as a major hallmark of neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The prevalence of ID and ASD is higher in males compared to females, with unknown mechanisms. Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic, Claes-Jensen type (MRXSCJ), is caused by loss-of-function mutations of lysine demethylase 5C (KDM5C), a histone H3K4 demethylase gene. KDM5C escapes X-inactivation, thereby presenting at a higher level in females. Initially, MRXSCJ was exclusively reported in males, while it is increasingly evident that females with heterozygous KDM5C mutations can show cognitive deficits. The mouse model of MRXSCJ, male Kdm5c-hemizygous knockout animals, recapitulates key features of human male patients. However, the behavioral and molecular traits of Kdm5c-heterozygous female mice remain incompletely characterized. Here, we report that gene expression and behavioral abnormalities are readily detectable in Kdm5c-heterozygous female mice, demonstrating the requirement for a higher KDM5C dose in females. Furthermore, we found both shared and sex-specific consequences of a reduced KDM5C dose in social behavior, gene expression, and genetic interaction with the counteracting enzyme KMT2A. These observations provide an essential insight into the sex-biased manifestation of neurodevelopmental disorders and sex chromosome evolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromatin Regulation in Brain Homeostasis and Disease)
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