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Cells
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Proteins in Autophagic Machinery
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Proteins in Autophagic Machinery

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Autophagy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 17124

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ricardo Escalante

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Biomedical Research Institute (IIB), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: autophagy; Dictyostelium; membrane trafficking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autophagosomes are double-membrane organelles whose formation and degradation are exquisitely controlled by a variety of cellular clues. The biogenesis of these organelles is a fascinating phenomenon that requires the orchestration of many different cellular processes including signaling, lipid trafficking, and membrane remodeling. The autophagic machinery is the set of proteins that execute and regulate this complex process to allow a correct induction, formation and degradation of autophagosomes. Although many components of this machinery are already known, we are still far from fully understanding the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins regulate the life cycle of autophagosomes. Moreover, the huge complexity of this process anticipates the implication of many other unknown players. This Special Issue is devoted to the study of the functions of the known proteins that regulate autophagosome formation as well as the new ones that are still waiting to be discovered.

Dr. Ricardo Escalante
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • autophagosome
  • autophagy
  • proteins
  • membrane trafficking
  • signaling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 179 KiB  
Editorial
Proteins in Autophagic Machinery
by Ricardo Escalante
Cells 2021, 10(8), 1987; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells10081987 - 05 Aug 2021
Viewed by 1233
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved self-degradation process that is activated under a wide variety of stresses and physiological conditions [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteins in Autophagic Machinery)

Review

Jump to: Editorial

16 pages, 1573 KiB  
Review
BECLIN1: Protein Structure, Function and Regulation
by Sharon Tran, W. Douglas Fairlie and Erinna F. Lee
Cells 2021, 10(6), 1522; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells10061522 - 17 Jun 2021
Cited by 63 | Viewed by 5072
Abstract
BECLIN1 is a well-established regulator of autophagy, a process essential for mammalian survival. It functions in conjunction with other proteins to form Class III Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) complexes to generate phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), lipids essential for not only autophagy but other membrane trafficking [...] Read more.
BECLIN1 is a well-established regulator of autophagy, a process essential for mammalian survival. It functions in conjunction with other proteins to form Class III Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) complexes to generate phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), lipids essential for not only autophagy but other membrane trafficking processes. Over the years, studies have elucidated the structural, biophysical, and biochemical properties of BECLIN1, which have shed light on how this protein functions to allosterically regulate these critical processes of autophagy and membrane trafficking. Here, we review these findings and how BECLIN1’s diverse protein interactome regulates it, as well as its impact on organismal physiology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteins in Autophagic Machinery)
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19 pages, 3078 KiB  
Review
The Autophagy Machinery in Human-Parasitic Protists; Diverse Functions for Universally Conserved Proteins
by Hirokazu Sakamoto, Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui and Sébastien Besteiro
Cells 2021, 10(5), 1258; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells10051258 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4324
Abstract
Autophagy is a eukaryotic cellular machinery that is able to degrade large intracellular components, including organelles, and plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis. Target materials are enclosed by a double membrane vesicle called autophagosome, whose formation is coordinated by autophagy-related proteins (ATGs). [...] Read more.
Autophagy is a eukaryotic cellular machinery that is able to degrade large intracellular components, including organelles, and plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis. Target materials are enclosed by a double membrane vesicle called autophagosome, whose formation is coordinated by autophagy-related proteins (ATGs). Studies of yeast and Metazoa have identified approximately 40 ATGs. Genome projects for unicellular eukaryotes revealed that some ATGs are conserved in all eukaryotic supergroups but others have arisen or were lost during evolution in some specific lineages. In spite of an apparent reduction in the ATG molecular machinery found in parasitic protists, it has become clear that ATGs play an important role in stage differentiation or organelle maintenance, sometimes with an original function that is unrelated to canonical degradative autophagy. In this review, we aim to briefly summarize the current state of knowledge in parasitic protists, in the light of the latest important findings from more canonical model organisms. Determining the roles of ATGs and the diversity of their functions in various lineages is an important challenge for understanding the evolutionary background of autophagy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteins in Autophagic Machinery)
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17 pages, 2112 KiB  
Review
Role of Selective Autophagy in Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility
by Chunyu Lv, Xiaoli Wang, Ying Guo and Shuiqiao Yuan
Cells 2020, 9(11), 2523; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cells9112523 - 23 Nov 2020
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5815
Abstract
Autophagy is a “self-eating” process that engulfs cellular contents for their subsequent digestion in lysosomes to engage the metabolic need in response to starvation or environmental insults. According to the contents of degradation, autophagy can be divided into bulk autophagy (non-selective autophagy) and [...] Read more.
Autophagy is a “self-eating” process that engulfs cellular contents for their subsequent digestion in lysosomes to engage the metabolic need in response to starvation or environmental insults. According to the contents of degradation, autophagy can be divided into bulk autophagy (non-selective autophagy) and selective autophagy. Bulk autophagy degrades non-specific cytoplasmic materials in response to nutrient starvation while selective autophagy targets specific cargoes, such as damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and intracellular pathogens. Selective autophagy has been documented to relate to the reproductive processes, especially for the spermatogenesis, fertilization, and biosynthesis of testosterone. Although selective autophagy is vital in the field of reproduction, its role and the underlying mechanism have remained unclear. In this review, we focus on selective autophagy to discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism and role of selective autophagy on spermatogenesis and male fertility in mammals. Understanding the role of selective autophagy during spermatogenesis will promote the recognition of genetic regulation in male infertility, and shed light on therapies of infertile patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteins in Autophagic Machinery)
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