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What Is Self-Organization?

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Complexity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 8003

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Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
Interests: computational neuroscience; self-organized robots; information theory; complex and cognitive systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. E. Bustillo 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
Interests: nonequilibrium statistical physics; collective dynamics and self-organization in complex systems; mathematical modeling of biological and socioeconomical systems

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Guest Editor
Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
Interests: self-organizing systems; complexity; information; artificial life; philosophy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Many of us have used the notion of “self-organization” in our studies. What is it precisely, though? A constituent element could be, e.g., the emergence of non-trivial properties from comparatively simple rules. What would simple, non-trivial or complex emergence mean in this context? 

In this Special Issue, we invite viewpoints, perspectives, and applied considerations on questions regarding the notions of self-organization and complexity. Examples include: 

Routes: In how many different ways can self-organization manifest itself? Would it be meaningful, or even possible, to attempt a classification? 

Detection: Can we detect it automatically—either the process or the outcome? Or do we need a human observer to classify a system as “self-organizing”? This issue may be related to the construction of quantifiers, e.g., in terms of functions on phase space, such as entropy measures. 

Complexity: Is a system self-organizing only when the resulting dynamical state is “complex”? What does “complex” mean exact;ly? Are there many types of complexity, or just a single one? E.g., it has never been settled whether complexity should be intensive or extensive, if any. 

Domains: Where do we find self-organizing processes? Are the properties of self-organizing systems domain-specific or universal? In which class of systems does self-organization show up most clearly? 

Prof. Dr. Claudius Gros
Dr. Damián H. Zanette
Dr. Carlos Gershenson
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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12 pages, 557 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic Efficiency of Interactions in Self-Organizing Systems
by Ramil Nigmatullin and Mikhail Prokopenko
Entropy 2021, 23(6), 757; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/e23060757 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3069
Abstract
The emergence of global order in complex systems with locally interacting components is most striking at criticality, where small changes in control parameters result in a sudden global reorganization. We study the thermodynamic efficiency of interactions in self-organizing systems, which quantifies the change [...] Read more.
The emergence of global order in complex systems with locally interacting components is most striking at criticality, where small changes in control parameters result in a sudden global reorganization. We study the thermodynamic efficiency of interactions in self-organizing systems, which quantifies the change in the system’s order per unit of work carried out on (or extracted from) the system. We analytically derive the thermodynamic efficiency of interactions for the case of quasi-static variations of control parameters in the exactly solvable Curie–Weiss (fully connected) Ising model, and demonstrate that this quantity diverges at the critical point of a second-order phase transition. This divergence is shown for quasi-static perturbations in both control parameters—the external field and the coupling strength. Our analysis formalizes an intuitive understanding of thermodynamic efficiency across diverse self-organizing dynamics in physical, biological, and social domains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue What Is Self-Organization?)
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16 pages, 2736 KiB  
Hypothesis
On the Nature of Functional Differentiation: The Role of Self-Organization with Constraints
by Ichiro Tsuda, Hiroshi Watanabe, Hiromichi Tsukada and Yutaka Yamaguti
Entropy 2022, 24(2), 240; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/e24020240 - 04 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3179
Abstract
The focus of this article is the self-organization of neural systems under constraints. In 2016, we proposed a theory for self-organization with constraints to clarify the neural mechanism of functional differentiation. As a typical application of the theory, we developed evolutionary reservoir computers [...] Read more.
The focus of this article is the self-organization of neural systems under constraints. In 2016, we proposed a theory for self-organization with constraints to clarify the neural mechanism of functional differentiation. As a typical application of the theory, we developed evolutionary reservoir computers that exhibit functional differentiation of neurons. Regarding the self-organized structure of neural systems, Warren McCulloch described the neural networks of the brain as being “heterarchical”, rather than hierarchical, in structure. Unlike the fixed boundary conditions in conventional self-organization theory, where stationary phenomena are the target for study, the neural networks of the brain change their functional structure via synaptic learning and neural differentiation to exhibit specific functions, thereby adapting to nonstationary environmental changes. Thus, the neural network structure is altered dynamically among possible network structures. We refer to such changes as a dynamic heterarchy. Through the dynamic changes of the network structure under constraints, such as physical, chemical, and informational factors, which act on the whole system, neural systems realize functional differentiation or functional parcellation. Based on the computation results of our model for functional differentiation, we propose hypotheses on the neuronal mechanism of functional differentiation. Finally, using the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Sprecher superposition theorem, which can be realized by a layered deep neural network, we propose a possible scenario of functional (including cell) differentiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue What Is Self-Organization?)
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