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Fire
Special Issues
Patterns, Drivers, and Multiscale Impacts of Wildland Fires
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Patterns, Drivers, and Multiscale Impacts of Wildland Fires

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255). This special issue belongs to the section "Fire Research at the Science–Policy–Practitioner Interface".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 1476

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Florian Kraxner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Landscape Resilience & Management (CLR), Ecosystems Services and Management (ESM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Interests: integrated assessment model; carbon
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Andrey Krasovskiy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agriculture Forestry and Ecosystem Services Research Group, International Institute for Applied System Analysis—IIASA, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
Interests: land use and forest modeling; dynamic optimization in models for economic growth and R&D investments; dynamic systems; wildfire modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bacciu Valentina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), 07100 Sassari, Italy
Interests: fire emissions; climate change; wildland–urban interface fire risk; mapping; forest management adaptation options; fuel modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global warming combined with inter-annual climate phenomena such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cause increased risks of wildfires hazards worldwide. Recent fire seasons have shown a new scale of widespread wildfires around the globe with special examples in the tropics, wetlands such as the Pantanal, the Mediterranean region, and the boreal forests of Canada, Siberia, and also the Nordic Countries. Dealing with increasing fire frequencies and areas burned, land ecosystems require novel assessment approaches in anticipating fire risks at local and regional scales, as well as better understanding of fire impacts on the ecosystem and their services, including biodiversity. This special issue aims at featuring historical and current patterns of wildfire dynamics, methodologies to identify local and regional fire-related drivers of ignition and fire propagation, impact assessments of burned areas, GHG emissions, and hazard effects. This includes articles using mechanistic fire modeling, remote sensing and ground-truthing, statistical and data analysis, machine learning methods, emissions modeling/GHG assessments, as well as empirical work. Special emphasis is put on the rural-urban interface, human health and other social/-economic aspects, as well as mitigation and adaptation options under fast climate change.

Dr. Florian Kraxner
Dr. Andrey Krasovskiy
Dr. Bacciu Valentina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wildland fire patterns
  • ignition drivers
  • modeling and methodology
  • GHG emissions
  • societal fire impacts
  • hot spot mapping
  • climate change mitigation
  • adaptation to fire risk
  • fire ecology
  • fire risk assessment
  • fire propagation modeling
  • resilience after fire disturbances

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 31867 KiB  
Article
Anticipating Future Risks of Climate-Driven Wildfires in Boreal Forests
by Shelby Corning, Andrey Krasovskiy, Pavel Kiparisov, Johanna San Pedro, Camila Maciel Viana and Florian Kraxner
Fire 2024, 7(4), 144; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fire7040144 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 590
Abstract
Extreme forest fires have historically been a significant concern in Canada, the Russian Federation, the USA, and now pose an increasing threat in boreal Europe. This paper deals with application of the wildFire cLimate impacts and Adaptation Model (FLAM) in boreal forests. FLAM [...] Read more.
Extreme forest fires have historically been a significant concern in Canada, the Russian Federation, the USA, and now pose an increasing threat in boreal Europe. This paper deals with application of the wildFire cLimate impacts and Adaptation Model (FLAM) in boreal forests. FLAM operates on a daily time step and utilizes mechanistic algorithms to quantify the impact of climate, human activities, and fuel availability on wildfire probabilities, frequencies, and burned areas. In our paper, we calibrate the model using historical remote sensing data and explore future projections of burned areas under different climate change scenarios. The study consists of the following steps: (i) analysis of the historical burned areas over 2001–2020; (ii) analysis of temperature and precipitation changes in the future projections as compared to the historical period; (iii) analysis of the future burned areas projected by FLAM and driven by climate change scenarios until the year 2100; (iv) simulation of adaptation options under the worst-case scenario. The modeling results show an increase in burned areas under all Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. Maintaining current temperatures (RCP 2.6) will still result in an increase in burned area (total and forest), but in the worst-case scenario (RCP 8.5), projected burned forest area will more than triple by 2100. Based on FLAM calibration, we identify hotspots for wildland fires in the boreal forest and suggest adaptation options such as increasing suppression efficiency at the hotspots. We model two scenarios of improved reaction times—stopping a fire within 4 days and within 24 h—which could reduce average burned forest areas by 48.6% and 79.2%, respectively, compared to projected burned areas without adaptation from 2021–2099. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patterns, Drivers, and Multiscale Impacts of Wildland Fires)
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19 pages, 9603 KiB  
Article
A Combination of Human Activity and Climate Drives Forest Fire Occurrence in Central Europe: The Case of the Czech Republic
by Roman Berčák, Jaroslav Holuša, Jiří Trombik, Karolina Resnerová and Tomáš Hlásny
Fire 2024, 7(4), 109; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/fire7040109 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 561
Abstract
Central Europe is not a typical wildfire region; however, an increasingly warm and dry climate and model-based projections indicate that the number of forest fires are increasing. This study provides new insights into the drivers of forest fire occurrence in the Czech Republic, [...] Read more.
Central Europe is not a typical wildfire region; however, an increasingly warm and dry climate and model-based projections indicate that the number of forest fires are increasing. This study provides new insights into the drivers of forest fire occurrence in the Czech Republic, during the period 2006 to 2015, by focusing on climate, land cover, and human activity factors. The average annual number of forest fires during the study period was 728, with a median burned area of 0.01 ha. Forest fire incidence showed distinct spring (April) and summer (July to August) peaks, with median burned areas of 0.04 ha and 0.005 ha, respectively. Relationships between the predictors (climate data, forest-related data, socioeconomic data, and landscape-context data) and the number of forest fires in individual municipality districts were analyzed using Generalized Additive Models (GAM) on three time scales (annually, monthly, and during the summer season). The constructed GAMs explained 48.7 and 53.8% of forest fire variability when fire occurrence was analyzed on a monthly scale and during the summer season, respectively. On an annual scale, the models explained 71.4% of the observed forest fire variability. The number of forest fires was related to the number of residents and overnight tourists in the area. The effect of climate was manifested on monthly and summer season scales only, with warmer and drier conditions associated with higher forest fire frequency. A higher proportion of conifers and the length of the wildland–urban interface were also positively associated with forest fire occurrence. Forest fire occurrence was influenced by a combination of climatic, forest-related, and social activity factors. The effect of climate was most pronounced on a monthly scale, corresponding with the presence of two distinct seasonal peaks of forest fire occurrence. The significant effect of factors related to human activity suggests that measures to increase public awareness about fire risk and targeted activity regulation are essential in controlling the risk of fire occurrence in Central Europe. An increasing frequency of fire-conducive weather, forest structure transformations due to excessive tree mortality, and changing patterns of human activity on the landscape require permanent monitoring and assessment of possible shifts in forest fire risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patterns, Drivers, and Multiscale Impacts of Wildland Fires)
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