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Healthy Lifestyles: Focus on Nutrition and Exercise Interventions

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2021) | Viewed by 21804

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. John W. Apolzan

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Guest Editor

Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
Interests: nutrition; metabolism; obesity; mHealth; physical activity; environment; behavioral science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is a global health concern. We need to better understand the contribution of energy intake and energy expenditure to its etiology. In this Special Issue, the contributions of intake and expenditure through diet and exercise interventions will be examined. This Special Issue seeks research papers (original research, reviews, and meta-analysis) on various aspects of nutritional and exercise interventions to help to prevent disease and to promote public health. Further, in addition to body weight and cardiometabolic health outcomes, other physiological and psychological endpoints are welcomed (e.g., nutrient status, physical function, affect).

The submission of all types of manuscripts from rigorous randomized clinical trials to pragmatic community-based designs is encouraged. Thus, controlled or free-living diet and exercise interventions are acceptable. It is understood submissions will often utilize multidisciplinary and collaborative research. Original research papers as well as systematic reviews and meta-analysis are welcomed.

Dr. John W. Apolzan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Diet
Physical activity
Resistance training
Lifestyle intervention
mHealth
Body weight
Cardiometabolic health
Physical functioning
Mood/affect

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 542 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Danish SoL Project: Effects of a Multi-Component Community-Based Health Promotion Intervention on Prevention of Overweight among 3–8-Year-Old Children

by Tine Buch-Andersen, Frank Eriksson, Paul Bloch, Charlotte Glümer, Bent Egberg Mikkelsen and Ulla Toft

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8419; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18168419 - 09 Aug 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1686

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a multi-component community-based health promotion intervention on body mass index (BMI) z-scores and waist circumference (WC) in three- to eight-year-old children. A quasi-experimental design was adopted to evaluate the effects of the SoL intervention involving three intervention and three control communities. The 19-month intervention was based on the supersetting approach and was designed to promote healthier eating and physical activity among children and their families. BMI z-scores and WC were measured at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, 238 (54%) and 214 (51%) of all eligible children were measured from intervention and control, respectively. The change over time in the BMI z-scores of children from the intervention group was significantly different from that of the control group (p = 0.001). BMI z-scores increased over time in the intervention group in contrast to the control group, whose BMI z-scores decreased (difference in change between groups 0.19 z-scores 95% CI 0.08, 0.30). No significant differences were observed for WC. The results showed no favourable effects of the intervention of Project SoL on BMI z-scores and WC in children. Further studies based on a larger sample size and a longer intervention duration are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyles: Focus on Nutrition and Exercise Interventions)

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19 pages, 2737 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trends and Inequalities in Overall and Abdominal Obesity by Sociodemographic Factors in Korean Adults, 1998–2018

by Ha-Jin Jang and Hannah Oh

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(8), 4162; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18084162 - 14 Apr 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2464

Abstract

Few studies have comprehensively examined the nationwide trends in overall and abdominal obesity prevalence and related sociodemographic inequalities in Korea. In the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2018, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of overall (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm men, ≥85 cm women) in each sociodemographic subgroup of Korean adults (aged 19–79 years). For each survey year, weighted logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between obesity prevalence and sociodemographic factors. During the study period, the prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity increased in men (24.8% to 42.4%; 20.1% to 32.1%; respectively) but only a small change was observed in women (26.5% to 26.0%; 22.7% to 20.9%; respectively). Obesity prevalence increased in all sociodemographic groups of men but varied across groups in women. In women, income (4th vs. 1st quartiles in 2016–2018: OR (95% CI) = 0.66 (0.56–0.78) overall obesity; 0.60 (0.51–0.71) abdominal obesity) and education (college or higher vs. high school or less: 0.62 (0.54–0.72) overall obesity; 0.58 (0.50–0.68) abdominal obesity) were inversely associated with obesity prevalence, and the gaps became more pronounced since 2007. Our data suggest that the inequalities in obesity prevalence by sex and by socioeconomic status have become more apparent over time in Korea. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyles: Focus on Nutrition and Exercise Interventions)

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10 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes Following Weight Loss in Premenopausal Women with Obesity: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

by John W. Apolzan, Robbie A. Beyl, Corby K. Martin, Frank L. Greenway and Ursula White

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(15), 5302; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17155302 - 23 Jul 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2496

Abstract

Alcohol (i.e., ethanol) is consumed regularly by much of the adult population; yet, the health effects associated with its use are not well-characterized. Clinical interventions to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on metabolic outcomes, including adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors, are limited and have yielded conflicting data. In addition, no study has reported the effects of routine alcohol intake during weight loss in a controlled feeding trial. We present the first randomized controlled pilot trial to investigate the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on metabolic outcomes during weight loss in women with obesity. Both groups consumed 30% energy restricted diets and were randomized to either an ethanol-free control (CTL) group or a group (EtOH) that consumed 35 g ethanol daily for eight weeks. Our findings demonstrate that, despite similar weight loss, the decrease in mean arterial pressure was attenuated in the EtOH group, relative to the CTL group (p = 0.02). In addition, decreases in other outcomes, including visceral adipose tissue (p = 0.23), circulating lipids (triglycerides (p = 0.11) and cholesterol (p = 0.11)), and uric acid (p = 0.07) tended to be attenuated with alcohol consumption. These pilot data provide potential evidence that moderate alcohol consumption may mitigate the beneficial effects of weight loss and support the need for larger Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to better investigate the metabolic effects of moderate alcohol intake in humans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyles: Focus on Nutrition and Exercise Interventions)

15 pages, 791 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Endurance Training vs. Circuit Resistance Training: Effects on Lipid Profile and Anthropometric/Body Composition Status in Healthy Young Adult Women

by Gentiana Beqa Ahmeti, Kemal Idrizovic, Abdulla Elezi, Natasa Zenic and Ljerka Ostojic

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(4), 1222; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17041222 - 14 Feb 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7283

Abstract

Background: Endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) are known to be effective in improving anthropometric/body composition and lipid panel indicators, but there is an evident lack of studies on differential effects of these two forms of physical exercise (PE). This study aimed to evaluate the differential effects of 8-week ET and RT among young adult women. Methods: Participants were women (n = 57; age: 23 ± 3 years; initial body height: 165 ± 6 cm; body mass: 66.79 ± 7.23 kg; BMI: 24.37 ± 2.57 kg/m²) divided into the ET group (n = 20), RT group (n = 19), and non-exercising control group (n = 18). All participants were tested for cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), including total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, glucose, and anthropometric/body composition (body mass, body mass index, skinfold measures, body fat %) at the beginning and at the end of the study. Over the 8 weeks, the ET group trained three times/week on a treadmill while the RT group participated in equal number of circuit weight training sessions. Both types of training were planned according to participants’ pre-study fitness status. Results: A two-factor analysis of variance for repeated measurements (“group” × “measurement”) revealed significant main effects for “measurement” in CRF. The “group × measurement” interaction was significant for CRF. The post-hoc analysis indicated significant improvements in CRF for RT and ET. No significant differential effects between RT and ET were evidenced. Conclusions: The results of this study evidence improvements of CRF in young adult women as a result of 8-week ET and RT. The lack of differential training-effects may be attributed to the fact that all participants underwent pre-study screening of their fitness status, which resulted in application of accurate training loads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyles: Focus on Nutrition and Exercise Interventions)

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8 pages, 1380 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Virtual Reality Gaming Elevates Heart Rate but Not Energy Expenditure Compared to Conventional Exercise in Adult Males

by Théo Perrin, Charles Faure, Kévin Nay, Giammaria Cattozzo, Anthony Sorel, Richard Kulpa and Hugo A. Kerhervé

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(22), 4406; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16224406 - 11 Nov 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3441

Abstract

Virtual reality using head-mounted displays (HMD) could provide enhanced physical load during active gaming (AG) compared to traditional displays. We aimed to compare the physical load elicited by conventional exercise and AG with an HMD. We measured energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR) in nine healthy men (age: 27 ± 5 years) performing three testing components in a randomised order: walking at 6 km/h (W6), AG, and AG with an additional constraint (AG^W; wrist-worn weights). Although we found that HR was not significantly different between W6 and the two modes of AG, actual energy expenditure was consistently lower in AG and AG^W compared to W6. We observed that playing AG with wrist-worn weights could be used as a means of increasing energy expenditure only at maximum game level, but ineffective otherwise. Our findings indicate that AG in an HMD may not provide a sufficient stimulus to meet recommended physical activity levels despite increased psychophysiological load. The differential outcomes of measures of HR and EE indicates that HR should not be used as an indicator of EE in AG. Yet, adding a simple constraint (wrist-worn weights) proved to be a simple and effective measure to increase EE during AG. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyles: Focus on Nutrition and Exercise Interventions)

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10 pages, 297 KiB

Open AccessProtocol

A Systematic Review Protocol of the Barriers to Both Physical Activity and Obesity Counselling in the Secondary Care Setting as Reported by Healthcare Providers

by Jaishri Sooknarine-Rajpatty, Austin B. Auyeung and Frank Doyle

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(4), 1195; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17041195 - 13 Feb 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3094

Abstract

Physical activity and obesity counselling have both been gaining increasing interest in preventive health and treatment. However, most healthcare professionals do not provide advice on these topics nearly as often as they should. There are many reasons for this. Common barriers for the provision of brief advice on physical activity and obesity in both primary and secondary care are lack of time, motivation and knowledge. Systematic reviews have been published on the barriers of physical activity and obesity counselling in the primary care setting, but there is no published work on the barriers present in secondary care. This systematic review aims to assess all published data that discuss the barriers of physical activity and obesity counselling as noted by healthcare providers in secondary care. Four databases will be searched using the same search strategy, and the findings will be compiled using the COM-B model to explore the frequency of a reported barrier. This systematic review will be beneficial not only to practicing healthcare providers, but also the educational and managerial staff of secondary care facilities, as it may highlight the need for further training to fill gaps in the provision of preventive healthcare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyles: Focus on Nutrition and Exercise Interventions)

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