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Microalgae Biorefinery for Bioproducts
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Microalgae Biorefinery for Bioproducts

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 11083

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sanjeet Mehariya

E-Mail Website
Leading Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
Interests: microalgae; carotenoids; bioenergy; biopolymers; microbial metabolism; environmental microbiology
Dr. Parthiba Karthikeyan Obulisamy

E-Mail Website
Leading Guest Editor
College of Technology, University of Houston, 4730 Calhoun Road #304Houston, TX 77204-4020 Houston, Texas, USA
Interests: bioenergy; lignocellulose; biowaste; bioproducts; microalgae; wastewater
Prof. Dr. Pradeep Verma

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
Interests: biomass valorization; biorefinery; proteomics; value-added products; enzymology; biobased; green technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microalgae are a group of diverse organisms which have several applications in diverse sectors. Several microalgae species are considered promising for the bioremediation of metals, pollutants, fixing nitrogen, and biomitigation of CO2, while microalgal biomass has been recognized as a potential source for the recovery of various bioproducts, such as industrial sugars and natural compounds. However, microalgal biomass contains numerous bioactive molecules, including pigments, sterols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as anticancer, antiobesity, and antidiabetic properties. Therefore, the demand for microalgae-derived bioactive compounds has increased due to the development of new pharmaceuticals and as components of cosmeceuticals, nutraceuticals, and other health-related products.

The key focus of this Special Issue is to present recent advancement and development findings in the field of “Microalgae Biorefinery for Bioproducts”. This Special Issue includes the application of microalgae cultivation for bioremediation of metals, pollutants, fixing nitrogen, biomitigation of CO2, and bioproduct recovery. In addition, the potential application of microalgae-derived biomass in different sectors for human health benefits. This Special Issue could be an opportunity to present new microalgal biorefinery for different applications. Therefore, we encourage the submission of research articles, case-studies, and review articles focused on microalgae for environmental and human health biotechnological applications.

Dr. Sanjeet Mehariya
Dr. Parthiba Karthikeyan Obulisamy
Prof. Pradeep Verma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microalgae
  • carotenoids
  • fatty acids
  • nutraceutical
  • antioxidants
  • wastewater treatment
  • CO2 mitigation
  • algal biorefinery
  • bioproducts

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 5069 KiB  
Article
Influence of Carbon Sources on Biomass and Biomolecule Accumulation in Picochlorum sp. Cultured under the Mixotrophic Condition
by Rahul Kumar Goswami, Sanjeet Mehariya, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan and Pradeep Verma
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3674; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19063674 - 19 Mar 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2551
Abstract
The major downfalls of the microalgal biorefinery are low volume of high value product accumulation, low biomass productivity and high cultivation costs. Here, we aimed to improve the biomass productivity of the industrially relevant Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 strain. The growth of Picochlorum [...] Read more.
The major downfalls of the microalgal biorefinery are low volume of high value product accumulation, low biomass productivity and high cultivation costs. Here, we aimed to improve the biomass productivity of the industrially relevant Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 strain. The growth of Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 was investigated under different cultivations conditions, including photoautotrophic (with light), mixotrophic (1% glucose, with light) and heterotrophic (1% glucose, without light). Among them, Picochlorum sp. BDUG100241 showed the highest growth in the mixotrophic condition. Under different (1%) carbon sources’ supplementation, including glucose, sodium acetate, glycerol, citric acid and methanol, Picochlorum sp. BDUG100241 growth was tested. Among them, sodium acetate was found to be most suitable carbon source for Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 growth, biomass (1.67 ± 0.18 g/L) and biomolecule productivity. From the different concentrations of sodium acetate (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 g/L) tested, the maximum biomass production of 2.40 ± 0.20 g/L with the biomass productivity of 95 ± 5.00 mg/L/d was measured from 7.5 g/L in sodium acetate. The highest total lipid (53.50 ± 1.70%) and total carotenoids (0.75 ± 0.01 µg/mL) contents were observed at the concentration of 7.5 g/L and 5.0 g/L of sodium acetate as a carbon source, respectively. In conclusion, the mixotrophic growth condition containing 7.5 g/L of sodium acetate showed the maximum biomass yield and biomolecule accumulation compared to other organic carbon sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae Biorefinery for Bioproducts)
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17 pages, 2461 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Lipid Production by Schizochytrium limacinum Biomass Modified with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate and Grown on Waste Glycerol
by Szymon Talbierz, Marcin Dębowski, Natalia Kujawska, Joanna Kazimierowicz and Marcin Zieliński
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 3108; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19053108 - 06 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2125
Abstract
One of the most promising avenues of biofuel research relates to using waste as a starting feedstock to produce liquid or gaseous energy carriers. The global production of waste glycerol by the refinery industry is rising year after year. The aim of the [...] Read more.
One of the most promising avenues of biofuel research relates to using waste as a starting feedstock to produce liquid or gaseous energy carriers. The global production of waste glycerol by the refinery industry is rising year after year. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) on the growth rates and intracellular lipid accumulation in heterotrophically-cultured Schizochytrium limacinum microalgae, grown on waste glycerol as the carbon source. The strain S. limacinum E20, produced by incubating a reference strain in EMS for 20 min, was found to perform the best in terms of producing biomass (0.054 gDW/dm3·h) and accumulating intracellular bio-oil (0.021 g/dm3·h). The selected parameters proved to be optimal for S. limacinum E20 biomass growth at the following values: temperature 27.3 °C, glycerol level 249.0 g/dm3, oxygen in the culture 26%, and yeast extract concentration 45.0 g/dm3. In turn, the optimal values for lipid production in an S. limacinum E20 culture were: temperature 24.2 °C, glycerol level 223.0 g/dm3, oxygen in the culture 10%, and yeast extract concentration 10.0 g/dm3. As the process conditions are different for biomass growth and for intracellular lipid accumulation, it is recommended to use a two-step culture process, which resulted in a lipid synthesis rate of 0.41 g/dm3·h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae Biorefinery for Bioproducts)
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16 pages, 1524 KiB  
Article
Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Using Living Biomass of the Microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies
by Raquel Seoane, Sergio Santaeufemia, Julio Abalde and Enrique Torres
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2653; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19052653 - 24 Feb 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 1517
Abstract
The efficiency of the living biomass of the microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii in removing methylene blue dye is determined. The kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, and the effects on this process of the pH, contact time, and initial concentration of the dye are studied. Fourier transform [...] Read more.
The efficiency of the living biomass of the microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii in removing methylene blue dye is determined. The kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, and the effects on this process of the pH, contact time, and initial concentration of the dye are studied. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and point of zero charge are used to characterize the biomass and explore the process. The maximum removal capacity derived from the Langmuir isotherm is 212.41 ± 4.55 mg/g after 7 h of contact time at pH 7. The removal process is rapid because kinetic studies revealed that the best fit of the data is with pseudo-third-order kinetics. The removal efficiency is dependent on the pH; as the pH increased, the efficiency is higher. These results show that the living biomass of this microalga is a very efficient biosorbent and therefore very suitable for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae Biorefinery for Bioproducts)
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Review

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15 pages, 1665 KiB  
Review
Microalgae as a Source of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs); Advances and Future Prospects
by Subhisha Raj, Anusree M. Kuniyil, Arathi Sreenikethanam, Poornachandar Gugulothu, Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar and Amit K. Bajhaiya
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12402; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182312402 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3653
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), are secondary metabolites, first reported in 1960 and found to be associated with the light-stimulated sporulation in terrestrial fungi. MAAs are nitrogenous, low molecular weight, water soluble compounds, which are highly stable with cyclohexenone or cycloheximine rings to store [...] Read more.
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), are secondary metabolites, first reported in 1960 and found to be associated with the light-stimulated sporulation in terrestrial fungi. MAAs are nitrogenous, low molecular weight, water soluble compounds, which are highly stable with cyclohexenone or cycloheximine rings to store the free radicals. Microalgae are considered as a good source of different kinds of MAAs, which in turn, has its own applications in various industries due to its UV absorbing, anti-oxidant and therapeutic properties. Microalgae can be easily cultivated and requires a very short generation time, which makes them environment friendly source of biomolecules such as mycosporine-like amino acids. Modifying the cultural conditions along withmanipulation of genes associated with mycosporine-like amino acids biosynthesis can help to enhance MAAs synthesis and, in turn, can make microalgae suitable bio-refinery for large scale MAAs production. This review focuses on properties and therapeutic applications of mycosporine like amino acids derived from microalgae. Further attention is drawn on various culture and genetic engineering approaches to enhance the MAAs production in microalgae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae Biorefinery for Bioproducts)
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