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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Communication and Informatics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 35314

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Santiago Tejedor Calvo

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Guest Editor

Department of Journalism and Communication Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: journalism; the application of AI to journalism; fake news; big data
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Laura Cervi

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Guest Editor

Department of Journalism and Communication Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: populism; political discourse; political communication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Covid-19 has directly affected the global economy. Tourism has been one of the sectors most affected by the stage of confinement that the novel coronavirus has inaugurated. The World Tourism Council has estimated a global loss of 75 million jobs and $2.1 trillion in revenue. Furthermore, the sector may experience a 25% reduction in its business. In this context, the need arises to seek new projects, initiatives, and proposals for the tourism sector that enhance aspects related to health and respect for the environment. This Special Issue aims to reflect on the impact of Covid-19 in the tourism field and on the transformations that this crisis will generate in the world of travel, the culture of travelers, and projects related to the tourism sector.

Dr. Santiago Tejedor Calvo
Dr. Laura Cervi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

tourism
pollution
sustainability
coronavirus
trip
health communication networks
slow journalism

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2189 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Temporal–Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors of Coordinated Development of the Population, Resources, Economy and Environment (PREE) System: Evidence from 31 Provinces in China

by Junjie Cao, Yao Zhang, Taoyuan Wei and Hui Sun

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13049; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph182413049 - 10 Dec 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2366

Abstract

Facing the increasingly severe friction among the domains of population, resources, economy and environment (PREE) in a system, theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of a PREE system can be obtained by exploring the coordinated development of a PREE system during its temporal–spatial evolution process. Based on the PREE data of 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019, this study uses a spatial measurement method to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the PREE systems of China’s provinces. The results show that the overall coordination level of China’s provincial PREE systems fluctuated but improved from moderate imbalance to moderate coordination. However, the differences in the regional coordination level first decreased and then increased. The distribution characteristics of the system coordination level changed from “high in the east and low in the west” to “high in the west and low in the east”, resulting in the “inversion” phenomenon of the system coordination level. The spatial correlation of the coordination level of the PREE system among provinces and cities gradually increased. The coordination level of the PREE system in the eastern, central and western regions was noticeably different, accompanied by different degrees of polarization and showing different dynamic evolution trends. In the analysis of influencing factors, it was found that seven factors, such as per capita GDP, the proportion of environmental pollution control investment to GDP and per capita energy production, promoted the coordinated development of China’s PREE system to varying degrees. The coordinated and stable development of China’s PREE system should be adjusted and optimized from the perspectives of different regions, scales and systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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20 pages, 4584 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Drivers of Visitor Loyalty in the Context of Outdoor Adventure Parks: The Case of Arsenal Park in Romania

by Ovidiu-Ioan Moisescu, Oana-Adriana Gică and Mihaela-Corina Dorobanțu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10033; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph181910033 - 24 Sep 2021

Viewed by 2345

Abstract

Outdoor adventure parks are highly important for contemporary society, having positive social, economic, and environmental impacts. Nevertheless, to fulfill their positive role in society, and to be economically sustainable, such parks need to nurture visitor loyalty. Drawing on previous fundamental research results that ascertain that customer satisfaction has a positive influence on customer loyalty, the objective of the current research is to explore the specific elements of outdoor adventure park visitors’ satisfaction, within an applied research framework, in order to emphasize those attributes that have a significant impact on visitors’ loyalty. For that, an online survey was conducted among the visitors of Arsenal Park, Romania, one of the largest adventure parks in south-eastern Europe. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our results show that visitors’ satisfaction with respect to the safety and equipment involved in amusement services, the ambience of the park’s food and beverage facilities, and the quality of the food are the most important satisfaction constituents for enhancing visitor loyalty in the context of outdoor adventure parks. By formatively specifying the exogeneous variables of our model (in contrast with the omnipresent reflective measurements used in previous studies), and by employing the importance–performance map analysis (IPMA), we clearly emphasize those particular aspects that are under the control of outdoor adventure parks’ managers, which significantly impact their visitors’ loyalty, as well as the way in which managers can clearly identify those attributes that need improvements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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28 pages, 3934 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Regime of Rural Ecotourism Stakeholders in Poverty-Stricken Areas of China: Implications for Rural Revitalization

by Keke Sun, Zeyu Xing, Xia Cao and Weijia Li

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(18), 9690; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18189690 - 14 Sep 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2594

Abstract

The rural ecotourism system can be defined as a complex association of stakeholders. This system of rural ecotourism in relatively poor areas of China can influence rural revitalization strategies. The purpose of this study is to plan a rural ecotourism system among the tourism enterprises, local residents and government by using an evolutionary game theory. Based on the theoretical analysis, an evolution game model for the three stakeholders is developed and the evolution process of strategies is described by replicator dynamic equations. Then, a simulation method and case was used to analyze the stability of interactions among the stakeholders and determine an equilibrium solution in the finite rationality case. Finally, specific control strategies were proposed to suppress instability and an ideal evolutionarily stable strategy was obtained. This provides a theoretical basis for achieving a win-win situation among the three parties. The results of this study suggest appropriate roles for stakeholders in the rural ecotourism project that provide management implications for rural tourism activities, local economy and rural revitalization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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22 pages, 2718 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Disparity and Influencing Factors of Coupling Coordination Development of Economy–Environment–Tourism–Traffic: A Case Study in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River Urban Agglomerations

by Qian Chen, Yuzhe Bi and Jiangfeng Li

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(15), 7947; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18157947 - 27 Jul 2021

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 2728

Abstract

In the process of rapid development of economic globalization and regional integration, the importance of urban agglomeration has become increasingly prominent. It is not only the main carrier for countries and regions to participate in international competition, but also the main place to promote regional coordination and sustainable development. Coordinated economic, environmental, tourism and traffic development is very necessary for sustainable regional development. However, the existing literature lacks research on coupling coordination of the Economy–Environment–Tourism–Traffic (EETT) system in urban agglomeration. In this study, in order to fill this gap, we establish the index system from four dimensions of economy, environment, tourism and traffic, and select the influencing factors from the natural and human perspectives to exam the spatio-temporal changes and influencing factors in the coupling coordination of the EETT system using an integrated method in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River Urban Agglomerations (MRYRUA), China. The results indicate that the coupling coordination degree of the EETT system transitioned from the uncoordinated period to the coordinated period, while it showed an increasing trend on the whole from 1995 to 2017. The spatial agglomeration effect has been positive since 2010, while “High–High” and “Low–High” agglomeration regions were transferred from the east to the south. Land used for urban construction as a percentage of the urban area and vegetation index has a great impact on the coupling coordination degree. These results provide important guidance for the formulation of integration and coordinated development policy in the MRYRUA, and then increase China’s international competitiveness by improving the contribution of urban agglomerations to GDP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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20 pages, 1480 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Under the COVID-19 Environment, Will Tourism Decision Making, Environmental Risks, and Epidemic Prevention Attitudes Affect the People’s Firm Belief in Participating in Leisure Tourism Activities?

by Kuan-Chieh Tseng, Hsiao-Hsien Lin, Jan-Wei Lin, I-Shen Chen and Chin-Hsien Hsu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7539; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18147539 - 16 Jul 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3245

Abstract

The study was conducted to understand the travel intentions of Dajia Matsu pilgrimage participants through tourism decision making, environmental risk perception, epidemic prevention attitude, and physical and mental health assessment. A questionnaire survey was used to collect 230 questionnaires in the field during the 2021 pilgrimage, and structural analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 20.0 statistical programs. The results showed that environmental risk and physical and mental health awareness were not significantly associated with the travel intention of Dajia Matsu pilgrimage participants (p > 0.05), while travel decision and attitude toward epidemic prevention were significantly associated with travel intention (p < 0.05). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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14 pages, 1227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoting Rural Tourism in Inner Mongolia: Attributes, Satisfaction, and Behaviors among Sustainable Tourists

by Chen Che, Bonhak Koo, Jiatong Wang, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz and Heesup Han

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(7), 3788; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18073788 - 05 Apr 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4252

Abstract

With the growth of rural tourism in China, this study aims to determine the destination attributes, tourism satisfaction, and intention of revisiting Inner Mongolia. This study also investigated the mean comparison of tourist satisfaction and revisit intention across domestic tourists’ demographic characteristics. Structural analysis revealed that destination attributes have a positive influence on satisfaction and revisit intention. In addition, the result of the mean difference test showed that satisfaction is significantly different between male and female tourists, and revisit intention significantly varies across the season. Our findings have an excellent directive significance to bring forward rural tourism in Inner Mongolia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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20 pages, 524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Development of Religious Tourism and the Sustainable Development of Rural Environment and Health

by Hsiao-Hsien Lin, Ying Ling, Jao-Chuan Lin and Zhou-Fu Liang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(5), 2731; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18052731 - 08 Mar 2021

Cited by 47 | Viewed by 5765

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to explore how to reach a consensus on the development of cultural tourism and the sustainability of the entire rural environment from the perspective of different rights holders. Using Beigang Township in Taiwan as a case study, we first conducted a questionnaire survey and analyzed 600 respondents by statistical verifications method, then used an interview method to compile suggestions from experts and scholars, and finally conducted a field survey to collect actual information. After summarizing, organizing, and analyzing all the data, the study was examined in a multivariate manner. This study concludes that creating parking spaces, providing a comfortable resting place, facilitating the exchange of ideas, and improving the environmental literacy of the public will increase the public attention to issues such as village visibility, people interaction, ancient architecture, culture and totems, public health and transportation, and entrepreneurial development, as well as address the concerns of local residents and some men and people over 31–40 years old. By doing so, we can improve community building and security, enrich cultural resources, build and develop sufficient industries, stabilize prices, obtain a safe and hygienic village environment, increase the desire to revisit, become a recommendation for family travel, and achieve the goal of sustainable development of rural environment and health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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33 pages, 3089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Spatial Structure of the European Union’s Tourism Economy and Its Effects

by Wujie Xie, Haijian Li and Yufang Yin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(4), 1389; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18041389 - 03 Feb 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2998

Abstract

With the implementation of European integration policies such as the single market, the Euro and the Schengen Visa, the EU member states are developing closer economic ties through tourism, and their level of tourism integration is constantly improving. Taking the 28 EU member states as research objects, this paper constructs a tourism economic connection network among them, measures the strength of their tourism economic connections from 1995 to 2018 by using the modified gravity model and social network method, and analyzes the spatial structure characteristics and effects of the EU tourism economy. The results are as follows: (1) The tourism economic ties of EU member states are growing increasingly close, enhancing network stability. (2) Germany, France, Italy, Austria and the United Kingdom are the top five countries in the degree centrality and closeness centrality rankings, meaning that they are located in the center of the network and have great influence, and the network is becoming increasingly concentrated. Germany, Italy, Sweden, Austria and France play an important intermediary role in the network, and the centrality of most member states has increased. (3) The core areas are mainly concentrated in Western Europe, Southern Europe, Mediterranean mainland countries and Central Europe, while the marginal areas are mainly concentrated in Eastern Europe, Northern Europe and Mediterranean island countries; the network connection density of the core area, the network connection density of the marginal area, and the network connection density between the core and marginal area overall show an increasing trend. (4) Improvements in the complete network connectedness and a reduction in graph efficiency can significantly reduce differences in EU tourism economic development levels and improve spatial equity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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17 pages, 968 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Muslim Travelers’ Inconvenient Tourism Experience and Self-Rated Mental Health at a Non-Islamic Country: Exploring Gender and Age Differences

by Heesup Han, Soyeun Lee, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Amr Al-Ansi, Beenish Tariq, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz and Su-hyun Park

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 758; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18020758 - 18 Jan 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3962

Abstract

This research examined international Muslim travelers’ intention formation of a non-Islamic country. Our proposed theoretical framework encompassing inconvenient tourism experience, mental health, hedonic value experience, and satisfaction included a sufficient level of predictive power for intent. These variables played a vital role in increasing intention, whereas an inconvenient tourism experience decreases self-rated mental health and hedonic value. Our result also provided meaningful information that boosting Muslim travelers’ mental health, hedonic experience, and satisfaction is essential for minimizing the effect of the inconvenient tourism experience. In addition, gender and age have been shown to play a moderating role in affecting behavioral intention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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Other

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20 pages, 809 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Is the Travel Bubble under COVID-19 a Feasible Idea or Not?

by Jo-Hung Yu, Hsiao-Hsien Lin, Yu-Chih Lo, Kuan-Chieh Tseng and Chin-Hsien Hsu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 5717; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18115717 - 26 May 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3618

Abstract

The present study aimed to understand Taiwanese people’s willingness to participate in the travel bubble policy. A mixed research method was used to collect 560 questionnaires, and SPSS 22.0 software was used for the statistical validation and Pearson’s performance correlation analysis. Expert opinions were collected and the results were validated using multivariate analysis. Findings: People were aware of the seriousness of the virus and the preventive measures but were not afraid of the threat of infection. They looked forward to traveling to heighten their enthusiasm, relieve stress, and soothe their emotions. However, the infection and death rates have been high, there have been various routes of infection, and it has been difficult to identify the symptoms. The complex backgrounds of people coming in and out of airports, hotels and restaurants may create pressure on the participants of events. In addition, the flawed policies and high prices resulted in a loss of confidence in the policies and a wait-and-see attitude toward tourism activities. Thus, travel decisions (0.634), physical and mental health assessment (0.716), and environmental risk (−0.130) were significantly (p < 0.05) related to travel intentions, and different issues were affected to different degrees, while health beliefs had no significant effect (p > 0.05). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tourism, Sustainability, Health and the Environment)

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