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Advanced Research in Myopia and Other Visual Disorders

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 15390

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina

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Guest Editor

Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
Interests: myopia; sport vision; optometry; visual health; refractive errors; contact lenses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Miguel Angel Sánchez-Tena

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Guest Editor

Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
Interests: myopia; sport vision; contact lenses; work-related eye injuries; refractive errors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Clara Martinez-Perez

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Guest Editor

ISEC LISBOA—Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências,1750-179 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: myopia; binocular vision; epidemiology; eye disorders; refractive errors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Early detection and intervention of eye and visual disorders is especially important in childhood, given the rapid development of the visual system. It is well known that visual disorders (amblyopia, strabismus, binocular vision disorders or refractive errors) not detected in time or not corrected, can cause significant loss of vision, problems in daily activities, headache or ocular discomfort. These symptoms are mainly accentuated in near vision activities, which can negatively impact their reading efficiency and performance of school activities.

Refractive errors are the main cause of visual disorder in childhood. The increase in the prevalence of myopia during school age is a matter of great concern. It is considered the most common refractive error between 6 and 12 years of age and can cause irreversible visual impairment.

In this special issue, we invite original articles or reviews focused on the following, but not limited, potential topics:

Prevalence studies of myopia or other visual disorders
Risk and prevention factors of myopia or other visual disorders
Treatment and control methods of myopia or other visual disorders
Methods for detecting and measuring the risk of developing myopia or other visual disorders
Visual function and quality of life
Ocular pathologies in childhood.

Dr. Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina
Dr. Miguel Angel Sánchez-Tena
Dr. Clara Martinez-Perez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

refractive errors
visual disorders
epidemiology
myopia
children
interventions
prevention
risk factors
ocular pathologies

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 314 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Myopia and Other Visual Disorders in Children

by Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina, Clara Martinez-Perez and Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 8912; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19158912 - 22 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1601

Abstract

Ocular pathologies can lead to permanent vision loss and pose an important public health problem [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Myopia and Other Visual Disorders)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

13 pages, 1317 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Peripheral Refraction of Two Myopia Control Contact Lens Models in a Young Myopic Population

by Maria Concepción Marcellán, Francisco J. Ávila, Jorge Ares and Laura Remón

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1258; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph20021258 - 10 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2673

Abstract

Peripheral refraction can lead to the development of myopia. The aim of this study was to compare relative peripheral refraction (RPR) in the same cohort of uncorrected (WCL) and corrected eyes with two different soft contact lenses (CL) designed for myopia control, and to analyze RPR depending on the patient’s refraction. A total of 228 myopic eyes (114 healthy adult subjects) (−0.25 D to −10.00 D) were included. Open-field autorefraction was used to measure on- and off- axis refractions when uncorrected and corrected with the two CLs (dual focus (DF) and extended depth of focus (EDOF)). The RPR was measured every 10° out to 30° in a temporal-nasal orientation and analyzed as a component of the power vector (M). The average RPR for all subjects was hyperopic when WCL and when corrected with EDOF CL design, but changed to a myopic RPR when corrected with DF design. Significant differences were found between RPR curves with both CLs in all the eccentricities (Bonferroni correction p < 0.008, except 10°N). An incremental relationship between relative peripheral refraction at 30 degrees and myopia level was found. It is concluded that the two CLs work differently at the periphery in order to achieve myopia control. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Myopia and Other Visual Disorders)

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8 pages, 855 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early Detection of Refractive Errors by Photorefraction at School Age

by Marta Alvarez, Clara Benedi-Garcia, Pablo Concepcion-Grande, Paulina Dotor, Amelia Gonzalez, Eva Chamorro and Jose Miguel Cleva

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15880; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192315880 - 29 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1912

Abstract

Early detection and treatment of refractive defects during school age are essential to avoid irreversible future vision loss and potential school problems. Previously, vision screening of preschool children used methods based on subjective visual acuity; however, technologies such as photorefraction have promoted the detection of refractive errors quickly and easily. In this study, 1347 children from 10 schools in Madrid aged 4 to 12 years participated in a program of early detection of visual problems, which consisted of visual screening composed of anamnesis and photorefraction with a PlusOptix A12R. The prevalence of refractive errors was analyzed in terms of spherical equivalent, cylinder and its orientation, and potential cases of development of high myopia or amblyopia. Hyperopia predominates in the early years, but the number of myopic subjects is higher than that of hyperopic subjects from the age of ten onwards. At all ages, the predominant orientation of astigmatism was with-the-rule. On average, 80% of the myopic subjects were uncorrected. Potential high myopia increased with age, from 4 to 21% of the measured population. Potential amblyopia cases decreased across age groups, from 19 to 13.7%. There is a need to raise awareness of the importance of vision screening at school age to address vision problems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Myopia and Other Visual Disorders)

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18 pages, 1327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Myopia and Depression among Middle School Students in China—Is There a Mediating Role for Wearing Eyeglasses?

by Juerong Huang, Hongjing Dang, Yan Cai, Juan Liu and Qihui Chen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13031; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph192013031 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2428

Abstract

Compared with non-myopic students, myopic students face more barriers to learning (e.g., inability to see the blackboard clearly) and socializing (e.g., being victims of teasing, social exclusion and violence), which may lead to increased stress, anxiety and frustration. The high prevalence of myopia and depression among school-age children naturally raises a question of great policy relevance: are myopic students more vulnerable to mental health problems such as depression? This paper sheds some light on this question by analyzing data from the China Education Panel Survey, a large-scale survey of China’s middle school students. Our analysis first quantifies the association between myopia and sample students’ depression status (measured by the widely adopted CES-D scale) adjusted for potential confounding factors. We then explore whether the myopia–depression relationship is mediated by wearing eyeglasses, a cost-effective means of vision correction. Based on data on 19,299 middle school students, our analysis reveals that myopic students scored 0.12 standard deviations higher on the CES-D scale than their non-myopic counterparts. The adverse effect of myopia is more severe for relatively disadvantaged students: older students (who are more likely to suffer from both myopia and depression), lower-performing students and students from poorer families. Further medication analysis shows that wearing eyeglasses suppresses the myopia–depression relationship but cannot completely offset the adverse effect of myopia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Myopia and Other Visual Disorders)

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9 pages, 1562 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is Ocular Accommodation Influenced by Dynamic Ambient Illumination and Pupil Size?

by Hanyang Yu, Wentao Li, Ziping Chen, Mengzhen Chen, Junwen Zeng, Xijiang Lin and Feng Zhao

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10490; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191710490 - 23 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1554

Abstract

Purpose: We investigated ocular accommodative responses and pupil diameters under different light intensities in order to explore whether changes in light intensity aid effective accommodation function training. Methods:A total of 29 emmetropic and myopic subjects (age range: 12–18 years) viewed a target in dynamic ambient light (luminance: 5, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 lux) and static ambient light (luminance: 1000 lux) at a 40 cm distance with refractive correction. Accommodation and pupil diameter were recorded using an open-field infrared autorefractor and an ultrasound biological microscope, respectively. Results: The changes in the amplitude of accommodative response and pupil diameter under dynamic lighting were 1.01 ± 0.53 D and 2.80 ± 0.75 mm, respectively, whereas in static lighting, those values were 0.43 ± 0.24 D and 0.77 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. The amplitude of accommodation and pupil diameter change in dynamic lighting (t = 6.097, p < 0.001) was significantly larger than that under static lighting (t = 16.115, p < 0.001).The effects of light level on both accommodation and pupil diameter were significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Accommodation was positively correlated with light intensity. The difference was about 1.0 D in the range of 0–3000 lux, which may lay the foundation for accommodative training through light intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Myopia and Other Visual Disorders)

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11 pages, 502 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Media Impact of Myopia Research

by Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina, Cesar Villa-Collar, Clara Martinez-Perez, María Ibeth Peñaloza Barbosa and Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7270; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19127270 - 14 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2245

Abstract

Background: Myopia has become a public health issue worldwide. The fast increase in myopia prevalence in the last years has been accompanied by an increase in information through social and conventional media. This has led to the fight not only against a pandemic but also against the infodemic. The excess of information has made it increasingly difficult for health professionals to identify high-quality articles. Alternative Metrics are useful tools to identify publications that provoke attention to society. This research aims to study the impact that research on myopia has had on social media. Methods: Almetric Explorer was used to make a search using “myopia” as a keyword. The 100 outputs with the highest attention were analyzed and correlated with the number of cites on Web of Science using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: The top 100 Altmetric Attention Score were published in 47 journals and had a mean value of Altmetric Attention Score of 437.61 ± 718.33. The outputs were mostly discussed on Twitter, with a mean of 296.36 ± 1585.58 tweets and retweets, and a mean of 185.18 ± 211.57 readers in Mendeley. There was a low correlation between Altmetric Attention Score and Web of Science Cites for the top-100 outputs. Conclusions: although myopia is a research topic with a high interest in society, most cited articles are not those with the most impact on social media. Myopia researchers should make more effort in promoting their goals, and social media is a useful tool to share them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Myopia and Other Visual Disorders)

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9 pages, 623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Variability of Accommodative Microfluctuations in Myopic and Emmetropic Juveniles during Sustained near Work

by Hanyang Yu, Junwen Zeng, Zhouyue Li, Yin Hu, Dongmei Cui, Wenchen Zhao, Feng Zhao and Xiao Yang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7066; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19127066 - 9 Jun 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1823

Abstract

Near work has been considered to be a potential risk factor for the onset of myopia, but with inadequate evidence. Chinese adolescents use digital devices for near work, such as study and entertainment purposes, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigated the influence of prolonged periods of near work on accommodative response, accommodative microfluctuations (AMFs), and pupil diameter between juvenile subjects of myopia and emmetropia. Sixty juveniles (30 myopes and 30 emmetropes) were recruited for the study. Participants were instructed to play a video game on a tablet PC at a distance of 33.3 cm for 40 min. Accommodative response and pupil diameter were measured with an open-field infrared refractometer in High-speed mode. Parameters of the subjects were measured once every 10 min, and analyzed by one-way repeated measure ANOVA for variation tendency. There were no significant differences between emmetropia and myopia groups with respect to age and sex (p > 0.05). The low-frequency component (LFC) of myopia gradually increased with time, reached a peak at 30 min, and then declined (p = 0.043). The high-frequency component (HFC) of myopia also reached a peak at 30 min (p = 0.036). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the LFC (p = 0.171) or HFC (p = 0.278) of the emmetropia group at each time point. There was no significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of the accommodative response and pupil diameter both in emmetropic and myopic juveniles. Compared with juvenile emmetropes, myopes exhibit an unstable tendency in their accommodation system for prolonged near work at a certain time point. Accommodative microfluctuations may be a sensitive, objective indicator of fatigue under sustained near work in juvenile myopes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Myopia and Other Visual Disorders)

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