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Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity and Thyroid Disorders

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 20395

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zbigniew Adamczewski

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Guest Editor

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 91-425 Lodz, Poland
Interests: endocrine disorders and metabolic diseases; thyroid diseases; thyroid ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy; thyroid neoplasms

Dr. Magdalena Stasiak

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Guest Editor

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
Interests: endocrine disorders; thyroid diseases; endocrine and metabolic diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Globally, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and thyroid disorders are three of the most prevalent endocrinological and metabolic clinical problems, reaching epidemic proportions.

Regardless of whether they occur separately or coexist and comprise an unfavorable set of clinical disorders, they pose a threat to progress in human population health and life expectancy, which have been progressing for the last century.

This Special Issue aims to publish significant findings in the field of clinical studies on type 2 diabetes, obesity, and thyroid disorders.

The complexity of the processes underlying these disorders, further aggravated by the complicated correlation between them, is why we would not like to narrow our scope and aims.

These clinical problems cover a broad range of research fields, from genetic and molecular research through to clinical research and clinical care, as well as some of the most crucial public health issues. We also invite researchers to publish reviews based on their own professional experience and published literature. We especially encourage submissions of papers presenting new findings that substantially widen the current knowledge and can be directly introduced into clinical practice.

Thus, this Special Issue will readily welcome every outstanding contribution in the field of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and thyroid disorders.

Best regards,

Dr. Zbigniew Adamczewski
Dr. Magdalena Stasiak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

type 2 diabetes
overweight
obesity
metabolic syndrome
thyroid disorders
risk factors
health promotion
quality of life
intervention and innovation
target therapy

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 778 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transient Hyperthyrotropinemia in Outpatient Children with Acute Infections of the Respiratory System

by Katarzyna Adamczewska, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Magdalena Stasiak, Andrzej Lewiński and Renata Stawerska

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(8), 4115; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18084115 - 13 Apr 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1810

Abstract

Background: Diagnostics of thyroid disorders (TD) are frequently based on the measurements of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration only. If TSH is outside the reference range, the diagnostic procedure used in patients with TD isintroduced. Observations indicate that in a considerable number of these patients, TD is not confirmed. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of transient hyperthyrotropinemia in healthy children during acute infections of the respiratory system. Patients and Methods: The study included consecutive children (49 boys and 45 girls), aged 2.2–17.3 years, who visited one General Practitioner (GP) due to respiratory tract infections. The tests: complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), TSH and FT4 were run on the next day after the visit at the physician’s (initial visit) and ≥2 weeks after recovery. Results: Among these children, elevated TSH values were found in about 10% of patients, and they went back to normal values after recovery. A prospective analysis showed a reduction of TSH values in approx. 65% of all groups and TSH at the follow-up visit was significantly lower. Conclusions: Transient hyperthyrotropinemia was observed in about 10% of children with acute respiratory tract infection. This preliminary finding remains unexplained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity and Thyroid Disorders)

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Review

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12 pages, 2267 KiB

Open AccessReview

Ketogenic Diet Benefits to Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails

by Chong Zhou, Meng Wang, Jiling Liang, Guomin He and Ning Chen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10429; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph191610429 - 22 Aug 2022

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 11459

Abstract

A ketogenic diet, characterized by low calories with high levels of fat, adequate levels of protein, and low levels of carbohydrates, has beneficial effects on body weight control in overweight patients. In the present study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the role of a ketogenic diet in body weight control and glycemic management in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In summary, we systematically reviewed articles from the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases and obtained eight randomized controlled trials for meta-analysis. The results show that a ketogenic diet had significantly beneficial effects on the loss of body weight (SMD, −5.63, p = 0.008), the reduction of waist circumference (SMD, −2.32, p = 0.04), lowering glycated hemoglobin (SMD, −0.38, p = 0.0008) and triglycerides (SMD, −0.36, p = 0.0001), and increasing high-density lipoproteins (SMD, 0.28, p = 0.003). Overall, these results suggest that a ketogenic diet may be an effective dietary intervention for body weight and glycemic control, as well as improved lipid profiles in overweight patients with T2DM. Hence, a ketogenic diet can be recommended for the therapeutic intervention of overweight patients with T2DM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity and Thyroid Disorders)

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24 pages, 2441 KiB

Open AccessReview

Obesity and Thyroid Axis

by Krzysztof Walczak and Lucyna Sieminska

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(18), 9434; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18189434 - 07 Sep 2021

Cited by 48 | Viewed by 6370

Abstract

Development of obesity is primarily the result of imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Thyroid hormones influence energy expenditure by regulating cellular respiration and thermogenesis and by determining resting metabolic rate. Triiodothyronine influences lipid turnover in adipocytes and impacts appetite regulation through the central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus. Thyroid-stimulating hormone may also influence thermogenesis, suppress appetite and regulate lipid storage through lipolysis and lipogenesis control. Subclinical hypothyroidism may induce changes in basal metabolic rate with subsequent increase in BMI, but obesity can also affect thyroid function via several mechanisms such as lipotoxicity and changes in adipokines and inflammatory cytokine secretion. The present study investigated the complex and mutual relationships between the thyroid axis and adiposity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity and Thyroid Disorders)

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