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JMMP
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Frontiers in Digital Manufacturing
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Frontiers in Digital Manufacturing

A special issue of Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (ISSN 2504-4494).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 22349

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Siavash H. Khajavi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Interests: operations management; digital twins; additive manufacturing; digitalization
Dr. Mika Salmi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
Interests: additive manufacturing (AM); 3D printing; design for additive manufacturing; processing materials with AM; medical applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of manufacturing has been evolving rapidly in light of new technologies and through digitalization. Direct digital manufacturing (DDM) methods and digital twins are examples of emerging technologies with potentially significant impacts on the future of production. Additive manufacturing, a DDM method, started as a means for prototyping, and with improvements in the material availability and process quality, its applications have exponentially expanded in final part production in different industries. Additionally, digital twins enable practitioners to enhance product design and improve their manufacturing process. In this Special Issue of JMMP, we publish state-of-the-art studies focusing on the development, improvement, and management of material, processes and practices designed or adapted for use in digital manufacturing.

We are interested in contributions that focus on topics such as:

  • New processes or practices in the field of additive manufacturing;
  • Implementation of digital twins for manufacturing;
  • Case studies related to the digital transformation of manufacturing processes;
  • Life cycle assessment and cost analysis in digital manufacturing,
  • Implications of digital manufacturing on supply chain management.

Dr. Siavash H. Khajavi
Dr. Mika Salmi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 2773 KiB  
Article
Additive Manufacturing of Slow-Moving Automotive Spare Parts: A Supply Chain Cost Assessment
by Levin Ahlsell, Didar Jalal, Siavash H. Khajavi, Patrik Jonsson and Jan Holmström
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2023, 7(1), 8; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmmp7010008 - 28 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3007
Abstract
This study develops a cost model for the additive manufacturing (AM)-produced spare parts supply chain in the automotive industry. Moreover, we evaluate the economic feasibility of AM for slow-moving automotive spare parts by comparing the costs of the traditional manufacturing (TM) spare parts [...] Read more.
This study develops a cost model for the additive manufacturing (AM)-produced spare parts supply chain in the automotive industry. Moreover, we evaluate the economic feasibility of AM for slow-moving automotive spare parts by comparing the costs of the traditional manufacturing (TM) spare parts supply chain (SPSC) with centralized, outsourced AM SPSC. Data from a multiple case study of an OEM in the automotive industry regarding SPSC is utilized. The supply chain costs of 14 individual spare parts were analyzed, and the total SPSC cost for the AM and TM, were compared. Three of the fourteen parts showed potential for cost-savings, if they were produced with AM instead of TM. In this context, AM polymer parts showed greater potential than metal to replace TM as the more economical option of manufacturing from a total supply chain cost perspective. This study shows that the AM competitiveness to TM, from a financial perspective, increases for spare parts with low demand, high minimum order quantity, and high TM production price. The SPSC cost model included: cost of production, transport, warehousing, and service costs. This study contributes to the emerging field of part identification for AM and the existing literature regarding cost modeling in SPSCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Digital Manufacturing)
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16 pages, 5630 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Manufacturing of Aluminium Parts Combining Additive and Conventional Technologies—Mechanical and Thermal Properties
by Eva C. Silva, Josué A. Candiango, Sérgio J. Rodrigues, Álvaro M. Sampaio and António J. Pontes
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2022, 6(2), 40; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmmp6020040 - 23 Mar 2022
Viewed by 3327
Abstract
Metal additive-manufacturing technologies enable the production of complex geometries. However, high manufacturing costs hinder these technologies being employed in some industries. In this sense, a hybrid strategy is presented in this paper, to achieve the best of additive and subtractive technologies, offering economic [...] Read more.
Metal additive-manufacturing technologies enable the production of complex geometries. However, high manufacturing costs hinder these technologies being employed in some industries. In this sense, a hybrid strategy is presented in this paper, to achieve the best of additive and subtractive technologies, offering economic advantages. AlSi10Mg aluminium powder was deposited on AW-6082 pre-machined substrates and mechanical and thermal properties of these specimens were evaluated considering the application of a stress relief heat treatment. The results were especially good in the compressive mechanical properties and in the thermal properties: compressive properties were improved by up to 27%, and the specific heat capacity and coefficient of thermal expansion were reduced by up to 38%, compared to additively manufactured AlSi10Mg. Therefore, hybrid manufacturing can be a profitable solution (i) in thermal management applications, (ii) when compressive loads are presented, or (iii) to repair damaged parts, providing a circular economy, as presented in a case study of this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Digital Manufacturing)
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10 pages, 5010 KiB  
Communication
Build Surface Roughness and Internal Oxide Concentration for Laser Powder Bed Fusion of IN718
by Lonnie A. Smith and Petrus Christiaan Pistorius
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2022, 6(1), 25; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmmp6010025 - 16 Feb 2022
Viewed by 2062
Abstract
Oxidation of hot spatter during laser powder bed fusion results in the deposition of oxides on the build surface. In the case of IN718—as studied in this work—the oxide is alumina. While some of this surface oxide may be incorporated in the build, [...] Read more.
Oxidation of hot spatter during laser powder bed fusion results in the deposition of oxides on the build surface. In the case of IN718—as studied in this work—the oxide is alumina. While some of this surface oxide may be incorporated in the build, an oxygen mass balance indicates some oxygen removal during the building process. This work tested an expected effect of the roughness of the build surface on the concentration of micron-sized oxide inclusions that are incorporated in test coupons during building. The roughness of the build surface responded to changes in hatch spacing, in line with a simple geometric model of the overlap between adjacent beads. Samples with deeper grooves retained more oxide, resulting in a much larger concentration of oxide inclusions within the samples. The conclusion is that parts with lower inclusion concentrations can be produced by decreasing the hatch spacing, at the cost of a lower build rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Digital Manufacturing)
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Review

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18 pages, 2377 KiB  
Review
Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing of Magnesium Alloys for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: From Chemistry to Clinic
by Mohammad Ghasemian Fard, Fariborz Sharifianjazi, Sanam Sadat Kazemi, Hosein Rostamani and Masoud Soroush Bathaei
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2022, 6(6), 158; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmmp6060158 - 10 Dec 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3081
Abstract
Metallic biomedical implants are made from materials such as stainless steel, titanium, magnesium, and cobalt-based alloys. As a degradable biometal, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are becoming more popular for applications in bone tissue engineering. Mg-based alloys have been found to be biocompatible, [...] Read more.
Metallic biomedical implants are made from materials such as stainless steel, titanium, magnesium, and cobalt-based alloys. As a degradable biometal, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are becoming more popular for applications in bone tissue engineering. Mg-based alloys have been found to be biocompatible, bioabsorbable, and bioactive, allowing them to be used as orthopedic implants with a low Young’s modulus. Computer-aided design can be used to design scaffolds with intricate porous structures based on patient-specific anatomical data. These models can be materialized rapidly and with reasonably acceptable dimensional accuracy by additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. It is known that lasers are the most widely investigated energy source for AM’ed Mg, as they offer some distinct advantages over other forms of energy. Recent studies have focused on developing biodegradable Mg scaffolds by using laser-based AM techniques. In this paper, we aim to review the recent progress of laser-based AM for Mg alloys and survey challenges in the research and future development of AM’ed Mg scaffolds for clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Digital Manufacturing)
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25 pages, 6744 KiB  
Review
A Review of Automotive Spare-Part Reconstruction Based on Additive Manufacturing
by Enrico Dalpadulo, Andrea Petruccioli, Francesco Gherardini and Francesco Leali
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2022, 6(6), 133; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmmp6060133 - 29 Oct 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4872
Abstract
In the Industry 4.0 scenario, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies play a fundamental role in the automotive field, even in more traditional sectors such as the restoration of vintage cars. Car manufacturers and restorers benefit from a digital production workflow to reproduce spare parts [...] Read more.
In the Industry 4.0 scenario, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies play a fundamental role in the automotive field, even in more traditional sectors such as the restoration of vintage cars. Car manufacturers and restorers benefit from a digital production workflow to reproduce spare parts that are no longer available on the market, starting with original components, even if they are damaged. This review focuses on this market niche that, due to its growing importance in terms of applications and related industries, can be a significant demonstrator of future trends in the automotive supply chain. Through selected case studies and industrial applications, this study analyses the implications of AM from multiple perspectives. Firstly, various types of AM processes are used, although some are predominant due to their cost-effectiveness and, therefore, their better accessibility and wide diffusion. In some applications, AM is used as an intermediate process to develop production equipment (so-called rapid tooling), with further implications in the digitalisation of conventional primary technologies and the entire production process. Secondly, the additive process allows for on-demand, one-off, or small-batch production. Finally, the ever-growing variety of spare parts introduces new problems and challenges, generating constant opportunities to improve the finish and performance of parts, as well as the types of processes and materials, sometimes directly involving AM solution providers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Digital Manufacturing)
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22 pages, 2255 KiB  
Review
Additive Manufacturing: An Opportunity for the Fabrication of Near-Net-Shape NiTi Implants
by Mir Saman Safavi, Aydin Bordbar-Khiabani, Jafar Khalil-Allafi, Masoud Mozafari and Livia Visai
J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2022, 6(3), 65; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmmp6030065 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4018
Abstract
Nickel–titanium (NiTi) is a shape-memory alloy, a type of material whose name is derived from its ability to recover its original shape upon heating to a certain temperature. NiTi falls under the umbrella of metallic materials, offering high superelasticity, acceptable corrosion resistance, a [...] Read more.
Nickel–titanium (NiTi) is a shape-memory alloy, a type of material whose name is derived from its ability to recover its original shape upon heating to a certain temperature. NiTi falls under the umbrella of metallic materials, offering high superelasticity, acceptable corrosion resistance, a relatively low elastic modulus, and desirable biocompatibility. There are several challenges regarding the processing and machinability of NiTi, originating from its high ductility and reactivity. Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, is a promising candidate for solving problems in the fabrication of near-net-shape NiTi biomaterials with controlled porosity. Powder-bed fusion and directed energy deposition are AM approaches employed to produce synthetic NiTi implants. A short summary of the principles and the pros and cons of these approaches is provided. The influence of the operating parameters, which can change the microstructural features, including the porosity content and orientation of the crystals, on the mechanical properties is addressed. Surface-modification techniques are recommended for suppressing the Ni ion leaching from the surface of AM-fabricated NiTi, which is a technical challenge faced by the long-term in vivo application of NiTi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Digital Manufacturing)
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