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Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies
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Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical and Photonic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 31054

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alexander S. Machikhin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Acousto-Optic Spectroscopy, Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117342 Moscow, Russia
Interests: acousto-optics; spectral imaging; image processing; digital holography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Vitold Pozhar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoty of Acousto-Optic Spectroscopy, Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Insrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117342 Moscow, Russia
Interests: acousto-optics; spectroscopy; spectral imaging; acousto-optical materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome. Acousto-optic technologies have increasingly attracted attention of scientists and engineers. Acousto-optic interactions have become the flexible basis of compact and robust devices for the analysis of the intensity, spectrum, polarization, and other properties of light. In this Special Issue, modern trends of acousto-optical spectral technologies, including the fundamentals and optimization of existing techniques, are highlighted and discussed.

This Special Issue will deal with research including but not restricted to the following:

  • Acousto-optic materials and structures for UV, visible, IR, and THz ranges;
  • Theoretical and experimental studies of light diffraction by ultrasonic waves;
  • Acousto-optic and photoacoustic spectroscopy;
  • Spectral imaging and tomography;
  • Multispectral and hyperspectral acousto-optic imagers;
  • Acousto-optic image and signal processing;
  • Acousto-optic interference techniques;
  • Novel applications in remote sensing, biomedicine, and industry.

This Special Issue also provides a forum for reports on technical developments that allow the spectral analysis of various objects. The goal of this Issue is to give readers an overview of the hot topics and the state of the art regarding the applications of acousto-optic spectroscopy techniques.

Dr. Alexander S. Machikhin
Prof. Vitold Pozhar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Acousto-optics
  • Acousto-optical materials
  • Bragg diffraction
  • Acousto-optic spectroscopy
  • Spectral imaging
  • Acousto-optic devices
  • Acousto-optic image processing
  • Microscopy and tomography

Published Papers (17 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 5564 KiB  
Article
Color Reproduction by Multi-Wavelength Bragg Diffraction of White Light
by Alexander Machikhin, Alina Beliaeva, Galina Romanova and Egor Ershov
Materials 2023, 16(12), 4382; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16124382 - 14 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 970
Abstract
Accurate color reproduction is highly important in multiple industrial, biomedical and scientific applications. Versatile and tunable light sources with high color-rendering quality are very much in demand. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of multi-wavelength Bragg diffraction of light for this task. [...] Read more.
Accurate color reproduction is highly important in multiple industrial, biomedical and scientific applications. Versatile and tunable light sources with high color-rendering quality are very much in demand. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of multi-wavelength Bragg diffraction of light for this task. Tuning the frequencies and amplitudes of bulk acoustic waves in the birefringent crystal demonstrates high precision in setting the number, wavelengths and intensities of the monochromatic components necessary to reproduce a specific color assigned according to its coordinates in the CIE XYZ 1931 space. We assembled a setup based on multi-bandpass acousto-optic (AO) filtration of white light and verified the reproduced color balance in multiple experiments. The proposed approach delivers almost full coverage of the CIE XYZ 1931 space and facilitates building compact color reproduction systems (CRSs) for various purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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15 pages, 8132 KiB  
Article
Polarization-Multiplexed High-Throughput AOTF-Based Spectral Imaging System
by Hao Zhang, Huijie Zhao, Qi Guo, Dong Xu and Wenjie Teng
Materials 2023, 16(12), 4243; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16124243 - 08 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1137
Abstract
Spectral imaging detection using acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs) faces a significant challenge of low throughput due to the traditional design that only receives a single polarization light. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel polarization multiplexing design and eliminate the need for [...] Read more.
Spectral imaging detection using acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs) faces a significant challenge of low throughput due to the traditional design that only receives a single polarization light. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel polarization multiplexing design and eliminate the need for crossed polarizers in the system. Our design allows for simultaneous collection of ±1 order light from the AOTF device, resulting in a more than two-fold increase in system throughput. Our analysis and experimental results validate the effectiveness of our design in improving system throughput and enhancing the imaging signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by approximately 8 dB. In addition, AOTF devices used in polarization multiplexing applications require optimized crystal geometry parameter design that does not follow the parallel tangent principle. This paper proposes an optimization strategy for arbitrary AOTF devices which can achieve similar spectral effects. The implications of this work are significant for target detection applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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15 pages, 4124 KiB  
Article
Calibration of Acousto-Optic Interaction Geometry Based on the Analysis of AOTF Angular Performance
by Hao Zhang, Huijie Zhao, Qi Guo and Yan Xuan
Materials 2023, 16(10), 3708; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16103708 - 13 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1059
Abstract
Acousto-optic interaction geometry determines the spectral and spatial response of an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). The precise calibration of the acousto-optic interaction geometry of the device is a necessary process before designing and optimizing optical systems. In this paper, we develop a novel [...] Read more.
Acousto-optic interaction geometry determines the spectral and spatial response of an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). The precise calibration of the acousto-optic interaction geometry of the device is a necessary process before designing and optimizing optical systems. In this paper, we develop a novel calibration method based on the polar angular performance of an AOTF. A commercial AOTF device with unknown geometry parameters was experimentally calibrated. The experimental results show high precision, in some cases falling within 0.01°. In addition, we analyzed the parameter sensitivity and Monte Carlo tolerance of the calibration method. The results of the parameter sensitivity analysis show that the principal refractive index has a large influence on the calibration results, while other factors have little influence. The results of the Monte Carlo tolerance analysis show that the probability of the results falling 0.1° using this method is greater than 99.7%. This work provides an accurate and easy-to-perform method for AOTF crystal calibration and can contribute to the characteristic analysis of AOTFs and the optical design of spectral imaging systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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15 pages, 6146 KiB  
Article
The Calibration Methods of Geometric Parameters of Crystal for Mid-Infrared Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter-Based Imaging Systems Design
by Kai Yu, Qi Guo, Huijie Zhao and Chi Cheng
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2341; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16062341 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1412
Abstract
AOTF calibration is a complex topic that has various aspects. As far as geometric calibration is concerned, it includes not only processing errors and fixing errors in the optical system, but also the error of geometric parameters of crystal (GPC). GPC is the [...] Read more.
AOTF calibration is a complex topic that has various aspects. As far as geometric calibration is concerned, it includes not only processing errors and fixing errors in the optical system, but also the error of geometric parameters of crystal (GPC). GPC is the preset input in the optical design and optimization of Zemax, which determines the key parameters, including the spatial resolution, the field of view, and aberration. In particular, the compensation of aberration during the optical design requires accurate values of GPC. However, it is currently considered ideal. Therefore, two calibration methods based on the principle of parallel tangent are proposed: (1) the minimum-central wavelength method; (2) the minimum-frequency method. The deviation of the parallel tangent incident angle calibrated by the two methods is 0.03°. As a result, the tuning curve calculated in theory with the calibrated geometric parameters of AOTF is consistent with the tuning curve measured in practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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12 pages, 2392 KiB  
Article
Optical Characterization of Thin Films by Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy Using an Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter
by Ildus Sh. Khasanov, Boris A. Knyazev, Sergey A. Lobastov, Alexander V. Anisimov, Pavel A. Nikitin and Oleg E. Kameshkov
Materials 2023, 16(5), 1820; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16051820 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1556
Abstract
The paper presents the application of the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy to measure the optical thickness of thin dielectric coatings. The technique presented uses combined angular and spectral interrogation modes to obtain the reflection coefficient under the [...] Read more.
The paper presents the application of the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy to measure the optical thickness of thin dielectric coatings. The technique presented uses combined angular and spectral interrogation modes to obtain the reflection coefficient under the condition of SPR. Surface electromagnetic waves were excited in the Kretschmann geometry, with the AOTF serving as a monochromator and polarizer of light from a white broadband radiation source. The experiments highlighted the high sensitivity of the method and the lower amount of noise in the resonance curves compared with the laser light source. This optical technique can be implemented for nondestructive testing in the production of thin films in not only the visible, but also the infrared and terahertz ranges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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11 pages, 3918 KiB  
Article
Acousto–Optic Modulation and Deflection of Terahertz Radiation
by Pavel Alekseevich Nikitin, Vasily Valerievich Gerasimov and Ildus Shevketovich Khasanov
Materials 2022, 15(24), 8836; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15248836 - 10 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1231
Abstract
It is known that one of the ways to increase the energy efficiency of acousto–optic devices is to use ultrasound beams with a higher power density. It has been established experimentally that the use of a partially electroded ultrasonic transducer significantlyincreases the energy [...] Read more.
It is known that one of the ways to increase the energy efficiency of acousto–optic devices is to use ultrasound beams with a higher power density. It has been established experimentally that the use of a partially electroded ultrasonic transducer significantlyincreases the energy efficiency of the acousto–optic modulator of terahertz radiation. In addition, the operation of an acousto–optic deflector of terahertz radiation with the use of a sectioned ultrasound transducer was theoretically investigated. It showed that a deflector of this kind enables one to achieve higher angular resolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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13 pages, 2859 KiB  
Article
Polarization of Acoustic Waves in Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystals Based on Fused Silica
by Mikhail V. Marunin and Nataliya V. Polikarpova
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8315; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15238315 - 23 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1808
Abstract
The two-dimensional square-lattice phononic crystal is one of the recently proposed acoustic metamaterials. Strong anisotropic propagation of elastic waves makes the material promising for various potential applications in acoustics and acousto-optics. This paper presents a study of the propagation of elastic waves in [...] Read more.
The two-dimensional square-lattice phononic crystal is one of the recently proposed acoustic metamaterials. Strong anisotropic propagation of elastic waves makes the material promising for various potential applications in acoustics and acousto-optics. This paper presents a study of the propagation of elastic waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals based on fused silica. The band structures of a phononic crystal are obtained by solving the wave equation in its variational form by the finite element method. The main phononic crystal acoustic characteristics that are of practical interest in acousto-optics are calculated based on the analysis of the dispersion relations. It is shown that the choice of the phononic crystal geometry makes it possible to control the distributions of both the inverse phase velocities and the energy walk-off angles of acoustic modes. The calculations of the acoustic modes’ polarization are in a particular focus. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions, there are exactly three acoustic modes propagating in a phononic crystal, the averaged polarization vectors of which are mutually orthogonal for any directions of the acoustic wave’s propagation. It is argued that the acoustic properties of phononic crystals meet the requirements of acousto-optics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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12 pages, 3522 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Acousto-Optic Figure of Merit in KGW and KYW Crystals
by Konstantin B. Yushkov, Natalya F. Naumenko and Vladimir Ya. Molchanov
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8183; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15228183 - 17 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1371
Abstract
Monoclinic potassium rare-earth crystals are known as efficient materials for solid-state lasers and acousto-optic modulators. A number of specific configurations for acousto-optic devices based on those crystals have recently been proposed, but the acousto-optic effect of those crystals has only been analyzed fragmentarily [...] Read more.
Monoclinic potassium rare-earth crystals are known as efficient materials for solid-state lasers and acousto-optic modulators. A number of specific configurations for acousto-optic devices based on those crystals have recently been proposed, but the acousto-optic effect of those crystals has only been analyzed fragmentarily for some interaction directions. In this work, we numerically searched for the global maxima of an acousto-optic figure of merit for isotropic diffraction in KGd(WO4)2 and KY(WO4)2 crystals. It was demonstrated that the global maxima of the acousto-optic figure of merit in those crystals occur in the slow optical mode propagating along the crystal’s twofold symmetry axis and in the acoustic wave propagating orthogonally, both for quasi-longitudinal and quasi-shear acoustic modes. The proposed calculation method can be readily used for the optimization of the acousto-optic interaction geometry in crystals with arbitrary symmetry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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13 pages, 3566 KiB  
Article
Analysis on the Influence of Incident Light Angle on the Spatial Aberrations of Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter Imaging
by Kai Yu and Huijie Zhao
Materials 2022, 15(13), 4464; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15134464 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1303
Abstract
Acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) does not conform to the pinhole model due to the acousto-optic interaction. A calculation method of AOTF aberrations under the condition of incident light with a large arbitrary angle is proposed to solve the problem of coordinate mapping between [...] Read more.
Acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) does not conform to the pinhole model due to the acousto-optic interaction. A calculation method of AOTF aberrations under the condition of incident light with a large arbitrary angle is proposed to solve the problem of coordinate mapping between object space and image space of the AOTF system without refractive index approximation. This approach can provide accurate pointing information of the interested targets for the tracking and searching system based on AOTF. In addition, the effect of cut angle values of the paratellurite crystal on aberrations was analyzed to optimize the design of AOTF cutting according to different application requirements. Finally, distribution characteristics and quantitative calculation results of AOTF aberrations were verified by experiments with different targets, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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12 pages, 1898 KiB  
Article
Research and Application Validation of a Feature Wavelength Selection Method Based on Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF) and Automatic Machine Learning (AutoML)
by Zhongpeng Ji, Zhiping He, Yuhua Gui, Jinning Li, Yongjian Tan, Bing Wu, Rui Xu and Jianyu Wang
Materials 2022, 15(8), 2826; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15082826 - 12 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1798
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy has been widely applied in various fields such as food analysis and agricultural testing. However, the conventional method of scanning the full spectrum of the sample and then invoking the model to analyze and predict results has a large amount of [...] Read more.
Near-infrared spectroscopy has been widely applied in various fields such as food analysis and agricultural testing. However, the conventional method of scanning the full spectrum of the sample and then invoking the model to analyze and predict results has a large amount of collected data, redundant information, slow acquisition speed, and high model complexity. This paper proposes a feature wavelength selection approach based on acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) spectroscopy and automatic machine learning (AutoML). Based on the programmable selection of sub nm center wavelengths achieved by the AOTF, it is capable of rapid acquisition of combinations of feature wavelengths of samples selected using AutoML algorithms, enabling the rapid output of target substance detection results in the field. The experimental setup was designed and application validation experiments were carried out to verify that the method could significantly reduce the number of NIR sampling points, increase the sampling speed, and improve the accuracy and predictability of NIR data models while simplifying the modelling process and broadening the application scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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11 pages, 2867 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Acoustic Waves in Acousto-Optical Devices by Ultrasonic Imaging
by Sergey A. Titov, Alexander S. Machikhin and Vitold Ed. Pozhar
Materials 2022, 15(5), 1792; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15051792 - 27 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1701
Abstract
The structure of the acoustic field defines the key parameters of acousto-optical (AO) devices. To confirm their compliance with the expected values in the presence of multiple real factors, AO crystalline cells require accurate experimental investigation of the acoustic field after being totally [...] Read more.
The structure of the acoustic field defines the key parameters of acousto-optical (AO) devices. To confirm their compliance with the expected values in the presence of multiple real factors, AO crystalline cells require accurate experimental investigation of the acoustic field after being totally assembled. For this purpose, we propose to detect and quantify all the acoustic waves propagating in AO cells using an impulse acoustic microscopy technique. To validate this approach, we have analyzed both theoretically and experimentally the modes, amplitudes, propagation trajectories, and other features of the ultrasonic waves generated inside an AO modulator made of fused quartz. Good correspondence between theoretical and experimental data confirms the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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10 pages, 1913 KiB  
Article
Optimal Design of an Ultrasound Transducer for Efficient Acousto-Optic Modulation of Terahertz Radiation
by Pavel Alekseevich Nikitin and Vasily Valerievich Gerasimov
Materials 2022, 15(3), 1203; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15031203 - 05 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1496
Abstract
Acousto-optic (AO) interaction in the terahertz range was investigated with the use of monolithic ultrasound transducers of various widths. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) liquefied at a temperature of about 23 °C and a pressure of 25 bar was used as a medium [...] Read more.
Acousto-optic (AO) interaction in the terahertz range was investigated with the use of monolithic ultrasound transducers of various widths. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) liquefied at a temperature of about 23 °C and a pressure of 25 bar was used as a medium for AO interaction. The angular and frequency bandwidths of effective AO interaction, as well as the diffraction efficiency per 1 W of the driving electric power, were determined. For the first time, a correct comparison of the AO diffraction efficiency in SF6 with the use of ultrasound transducers with different widths was carried out. In the experiments performed, the highest energy efficiency of the AO modulator was achieved with a transducer with a width of 12 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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12 pages, 4111 KiB  
Article
Optically Transparent and Highly Conductive Electrodes for Acousto-Optical Devices
by Alexey Osipkov, Mstislav Makeev, Elizaveta Konopleva, Natalia Kudrina, Leonid Gorobinskiy, Pavel Mikhalev, Dmitriy Ryzhenko and Gleb Yurkov
Materials 2021, 14(23), 7178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14237178 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2176
Abstract
The study was devoted to the creation of transparent electrodes based on highly conductive mesh structures. The analysis and reasonable choice of technological approaches to the production of such materials with a high Q factor (the ratio of transparency and electrical conductivity) were [...] Read more.
The study was devoted to the creation of transparent electrodes based on highly conductive mesh structures. The analysis and reasonable choice of technological approaches to the production of such materials with a high Q factor (the ratio of transparency and electrical conductivity) were carried out. The developed manufacturing technology consists of the formation of grooves in a transparent substrate by photolithography methods, followed by reactive ion plasma etching and their metallization by chemical deposition using the silver mirror reaction. Experimental samples of a transparent electrode fabricated using this technology have a sheet resistance of about 0.1 Ω/sq with a light transmittance in the visible wavelength range of more than 60%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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11 pages, 6695 KiB  
Article
Temperature Effects in an Acousto-Optic Modulator of Terahertz Radiation Based on Liquefied SF6 Gas
by Pavel A. Nikitin, Vasily V. Gerasimov and Ildus S. Khasanov
Materials 2021, 14(19), 5519; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14195519 - 23 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1926
Abstract
The acousto-optic (AO) diffraction of terahertz (THz) radiation in liquefied sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was investigated in various temperature regimes. It was found that with the increase in the temperature from +10 to +23 °C, the efficiency of the AO diffraction [...] Read more.
The acousto-optic (AO) diffraction of terahertz (THz) radiation in liquefied sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was investigated in various temperature regimes. It was found that with the increase in the temperature from +10 to +23 °C, the efficiency of the AO diffraction became one order higher at the same amplitude of the driving electrical signal. At the same time, the efficiency of the AO diffraction per 1 W of the sound power as well as the angular bandwidth of the efficient AO interaction were temperature independent within the measurement error. Increase of the resonant sound frequency with decreasing temperature and strong narrowing of the sound frequency bandwidth of the efficient AO interaction were detected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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9 pages, 7380 KiB  
Article
Spectral Imaging Experiments with Various Optical Schemes Based on the Same AOTF
by Vladislav Batshev, Alexander Machikhin, Alexey Gorevoy, Grigoriy Martynov, Demid Khokhlov, Sergey Boritko, Vitold Pozhar and Vladimir Lomonov
Materials 2021, 14(11), 2984; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14112984 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2244
Abstract
Spectral image filtration by means of acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs) has multiple applications. For its implementation, a few different optical schemes are in use. They differ in image quality, number of coupling components, dimensions and alignment complexity. To choose the optical system of [...] Read more.
Spectral image filtration by means of acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTFs) has multiple applications. For its implementation, a few different optical schemes are in use. They differ in image quality, number of coupling components, dimensions and alignment complexity. To choose the optical system of AOTF-based spectral imager properly, many factors have to be considered. Though various schemes of acousto-optic (AO) filtration have been tested and discussed, their comparative analysis has not been reported up to now. In this study, we assembled the four most popular schemes (confocal, collimating, tandem and double-path) using the same AO cells and experimentally compared their main features. Depending on the application, each scheme may be the basis of compact cost-effective spectral imaging devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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12 pages, 4041 KiB  
Article
Acousto-Optic Cells with Phased-Array Transducers and Their Application in Systems of Optical Information Processing
by Vladimir Balakshy, Maxim Kupreychik, Sergey Mantsevich and Vladimir Molchanov
Materials 2021, 14(2), 451; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14020451 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2666
Abstract
This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of anisotropic acousto-optic interaction in a spatially periodical acoustic field created by a phased-array transducer with antiphase excitation of adjacent sections. In this case, contrary to the nonsectioned transducer, light diffraction is absent [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of anisotropic acousto-optic interaction in a spatially periodical acoustic field created by a phased-array transducer with antiphase excitation of adjacent sections. In this case, contrary to the nonsectioned transducer, light diffraction is absent when the optical beam falls on the phased-array cell at the Bragg angle. However, the diffraction takes place at some other angles (called “optimal” here), which are situated on the opposite sides to the Bragg angle. Our calculations show that the diffraction efficiency can reach 100% at these optimal angles in spite of a noticeable acousto-optic phase mismatch. This kind of acousto-optic interaction possesses a number of interesting regularities which can be useful for designing acousto-optic devices of a new type. Our experiments were performed with a paratellurite (TeO2) cell in which a shear acoustic mode was excited at a 9∘ angle to the crystal plane (001). The piezoelectric transducer had to nine antiphase sections. The efficiency of electric to acoustic power conversion was 99% at the maximum frequency response, and the ultrasound excitation band extended from 70 to 160 MHz. The experiments have confirmed basic results of the theoretical analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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Review

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11 pages, 2140 KiB  
Review
Applications of AOTF Spectrometers in In Situ Lunar Measurements
by Jinning Li, Yuhua Gui, Rui Xu, Zehong Zhang, Wei Liu, Gang Lv, Meizhu Wang, Chunlai Li and Zhiping He
Materials 2021, 14(13), 3454; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14133454 - 22 Jun 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2352
Abstract
Spectrometers based on acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) have several advantages, such as stable temperature adaptability, no moving parts, and wavelength selection through electrical modulation, compared with the traditional grating and Fourier transform spectrometers. Therefore, AOTF spectrometers can realize stable in situ measurement on [...] Read more.
Spectrometers based on acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) have several advantages, such as stable temperature adaptability, no moving parts, and wavelength selection through electrical modulation, compared with the traditional grating and Fourier transform spectrometers. Therefore, AOTF spectrometers can realize stable in situ measurement on the lunar surface under wide temperature ranges and low light environments. AOTF imaging spectrometers were first employed for in situ measurement of the lunar surface in the Chinese Chang’e project. The visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer and the lunar mineralogical spectrometer have been successfully deployed on board the Chang’e-3/4 and Chang’e-5 missions. In this review, we investigate the performance indicators, structural design, selected AOTF performance parameters, data acquisition of the three lunar in situ spectral instruments used in the Chang’e missions. In addition, we also show the scientific achievement of lunar technology based on in situ spectral data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acousto-Optical Spectral Technologies)
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