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Quasi-Continuous Metasurfaces for High-Performance Functional Electromagnetic Wave Devices
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Quasi-Continuous Metasurfaces for High-Performance Functional Electromagnetic Wave Devices

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical and Photonic Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 17003

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mingbo Pu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
Interests: metasurface; subwavelength optics; flat optics; catenary optics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metasurfaces are promising building blocks for functional materials and devices. However, traditional discrete designs often suffer from low efficiency and narrow bandwidth. Recently, quasi-continuous metasurfaces have been constructed with basic shapes such as arcs, trapezoids, and catenaries. Superior performances including higher efficiency and broader bandwidth have been reported. In addition, free-form quasi-continuous metasurfaces have attracted increasing attention, because they could exploit more degrees of freedom to optimize the metasurfaces.

In this Special Issue, the developing trends of quasi-continuous metasurfaces are highlighted. It would be a showcase of the diverse applications of quasi-continuous metasurfaces in both the optical and microwave regime, including but not limited to beam deflectors, flat lenses, wavefront modulators, perfect absorbers, antennas, etc.

It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Mingbo Pu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Geometric phase
  • Propagation phase
  • Quasi-continuous metasurface
  • Trapezoidal metasurface
  • Catenary optics
  • Flat optics
  • Diffractive optics
  • Topology optimization
  • Perfect absorber
  • Antenna

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 7017 KiB  
Article
Intercoupling of Cascaded Metasurfaces for Broadband Spectral Scalability
by Shaolin Zhou, Liang Liu, Qinling Deng, Shaowei Liao, Quan Xue and Mansun Chan
Materials 2023, 16(5), 2013; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma16052013 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1738
Abstract
Electromagnetic metasurfaces have been intensively used as ultra-compact and easy-to-integrate platforms for versatile wave manipulations from optical to terahertz (THz) and millimeter wave (MMW) ranges. In this paper, the less investigated effects of the interlayer coupling of multiple metasurfaces cascaded in parallel are [...] Read more.
Electromagnetic metasurfaces have been intensively used as ultra-compact and easy-to-integrate platforms for versatile wave manipulations from optical to terahertz (THz) and millimeter wave (MMW) ranges. In this paper, the less investigated effects of the interlayer coupling of multiple metasurfaces cascaded in parallel are intensively exploited and leveraged for scalable broadband spectral regulations. The hybridized resonant modes of cascaded metasurfaces with interlayer couplings are well interpreted and simply modeled by the transmission line lumped equivalent circuits, which are used in return to guide the design of the tunable spectral response. In particular, the interlayer gaps and other parameters of double or triple metasurfaces are deliberately leveraged to tune the inter-couplings for as-required spectral properties, i.e., the bandwidth scaling and central frequency shift. As a proof of concept, the scalable broadband transmissive spectra are demonstrated in the millimeter wave (MMW) range by cascading multilayers of metasurfaces sandwiched together in parallel with low-loss dielectrics (Rogers 3003). Finally, both the numerical and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our cascaded model of multiple metasurfaces for broadband spectral tuning from a narrow band centered at 50 GHz to a broadened range of 40~55 GHz with ideal side steepness, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quasi-Continuous Metasurfaces for High-Performance Functional Electromagnetic Wave Devices)
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12 pages, 6051 KiB  
Article
Generation of A Space-Variant Vector Beam with Catenary-Shaped Polarization States
by Junjie Wang, Mingbo Pu, Jinjin Jin, Fei Zhang, Ling Liu, Weijie Kong, Xiong Li, Yinghui Guo and Xiangang Luo
Materials 2022, 15(8), 2940; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma15082940 - 18 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2283
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of a space-variant vector beam with catenary-shaped polarization states based on the polarization interferometry. With a spatial light modulator and a common path interferometric configuration, two orthogonally circularly polarized beams with different phase modulation overlap each other, yielding the [...] Read more.
We demonstrate the generation of a space-variant vector beam with catenary-shaped polarization states based on the polarization interferometry. With a spatial light modulator and a common path interferometric configuration, two orthogonally circularly polarized beams with different phase modulation overlap each other, yielding the vector beams. In addition, the polarization states of this vector beam are scalable to the arbitrary spatial distribution because of its great flexibility and universal applicability. It is expected that this vector beam may have many potential and intriguing applications in the micro/nano material processing, liquid crystal elements fabrication and optical micro-manipulation, and so on. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quasi-Continuous Metasurfaces for High-Performance Functional Electromagnetic Wave Devices)
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9 pages, 2794 KiB  
Article
Reconfigurable Continuous Meta-Grating for Broadband Polarization Conversion and Perfect Absorption
by Yijia Huang, Tianxiao Xiao, Zhengwei Xie, Jie Zheng, Yarong Su, Weidong Chen, Ke Liu, Mingjun Tang and Ling Li
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2212; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14092212 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2293
Abstract
As promising building blocks for functional materials and devices, metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in recent years due to their unique electromagnetic (EM) properties, as well as subwavelength footprints. However, current designs based on discrete unit cells often suffer from low working efficiencies, [...] Read more.
As promising building blocks for functional materials and devices, metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in recent years due to their unique electromagnetic (EM) properties, as well as subwavelength footprints. However, current designs based on discrete unit cells often suffer from low working efficiencies, narrow operation bandwidths, and fixed EM functionalities. Here, by employing the superior performance of a continuous metasurface, combined with the reconfigurable properties of a phase change material (PCM), a dual-functional meta-grating is proposed in the infrared region, which can achieve a broadband polarization conversion of over 90% when the PCM is in an amorphous state, and a perfect EM absorption larger than 91% when the PCM changes to a crystalline state. Moreover, by arranging the meta-grating to form a quasi-continuous metasurface, subsequent simulations indicated that the designed device exhibited an ultralow specular reflectivity below 10% and a tunable thermal emissivity from 14.5% to 91%. It is believed that the proposed devices with reconfigurable EM responses have great potential in the field of emissivity control and infrared camouflage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quasi-Continuous Metasurfaces for High-Performance Functional Electromagnetic Wave Devices)
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10 pages, 2784 KiB  
Article
Reflective Quasi-Continuous Metasurface with Continuous Phase Control for Light Focusing
by Long Chen, Zhenglong Shao, Jia Liu and Dongliang Tang
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2147; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14092147 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1911
Abstract
Benefitting from the arbitrary and flexible light modulation, metasurface has attracted extensive attention and been demonstrated in different applications. However, most reported metasurface-based devices were normally composed of discrete micro or nano structures, therefore the discretization precision limited the performance of the device, [...] Read more.
Benefitting from the arbitrary and flexible light modulation, metasurface has attracted extensive attention and been demonstrated in different applications. However, most reported metasurface-based devices were normally composed of discrete micro or nano structures, therefore the discretization precision limited the performance of the device, including the focusing efficiency, stray light suppression, and broadband performance. In this work, an all-metallic reflective metasurface consisting of numerous quasi-continuous nanostructures is proposed to realize high-efficiency and broadband focusing. The constructed quasi-continuous metasurface (QCMS) is then verified numerically through electromagnetic simulation, and the numerical results show a higher focusing efficiency and a better stray light suppression effect, compared to a binary-phase-based metalens. Through the same design strategy, a QCMS with the ability to overcome the diffraction limit can also be constructed, and a focal spot with the size of 0.8 times the diffraction limit can be achieved. We expect that this quasi-continuous structure could be utilized to construct other high-performance devices that require continuous phase controls, such as the beam deflector, orbital angle momentum generator, and self-accelerating beam generator. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quasi-Continuous Metasurfaces for High-Performance Functional Electromagnetic Wave Devices)
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9 pages, 2227 KiB  
Article
Quasi-Continuous Metasurface Beam Splitters Enabled by Vector Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm
by Jinzhe Li, Fei Zhang, Mingbo Pu, Yinghui Guo, Xiong Li, Xiaoliang Ma, Changtao Wang and Xiangang Luo
Materials 2021, 14(4), 1022; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14041022 - 21 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2544
Abstract
Quasi-continuous metasurfaces are widely used in various optical systems and their subwavelength structures invalidate traditional design methods based on scalar diffraction theory. Here, a novel vector iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) is proposed to realize the fast design of quasi-continuous metasurface beam splitters [...] Read more.
Quasi-continuous metasurfaces are widely used in various optical systems and their subwavelength structures invalidate traditional design methods based on scalar diffraction theory. Here, a novel vector iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) is proposed to realize the fast design of quasi-continuous metasurface beam splitters with subwavelength structures. Compared with traditional optimization algorithms that either require extensive numerical simulations or lack accuracy, this method has the advantages of accuracy and low computational cost. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, several beam splitters with custom-tailored diffraction patterns and a 7 × 7 beam splitter are numerically demonstrated, among which the maximal diffraction angle reaches 70° and the best uniformity error reaches 0.0195, showing good consistency with the target energy distribution and these results suggest that the proposed vector IFTA may find wide applications in three-dimensional imaging, lidar techniques, machine vision, and so forth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quasi-Continuous Metasurfaces for High-Performance Functional Electromagnetic Wave Devices)
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9 pages, 5604 KiB  
Article
Broadband Spin-Dependent Directional Coupler via Single Optimized Metallic Catenary Antenna
by Cong Chen, Jiajia Mi, Panpan Chen, Xiang Du, Jianxin Xi, Li Liang and Jianping Shi
Materials 2021, 14(2), 326; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14020326 - 10 Jan 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1796
Abstract
With the rapid development of on-chip optics, integrated optical devices with better performance are desirable. Waveguide couplers are the typical integrated optical devices, allowing for the fast transmission and conversion of optical signals in a broad working band. However, traditional waveguide couplers are [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of on-chip optics, integrated optical devices with better performance are desirable. Waveguide couplers are the typical integrated optical devices, allowing for the fast transmission and conversion of optical signals in a broad working band. However, traditional waveguide couplers are limited by the narrow operation band to couple the spatial light into the chip and the fixed unidirectional transmission of light flow. Furthermore, most of the couplers only realize unidirectional transmission under the illumination of the linear polarized light. In this work, a broadband polarization directional coupler based on a metallic catenary antenna integrated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide has been designed and demonstrated under the illumination of the circularly polarized light. By applying the genetic algorithm to optimize the multiple widths of the metallic catenary antenna, the numerical simulation results show that the extinction ratio of the coupler can be maintained larger than 18 dB in a wide operation band of 300 nm (from 1400 to 1700 nm). Moreover, the coupler can couple the spatial beam into the plane and transmit in the opposite direction by modulating the rotation direction of the incident light. The broadband polarization directional coupler might have great potential in integrated optoelectronic devices and on-chip optical devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quasi-Continuous Metasurfaces for High-Performance Functional Electromagnetic Wave Devices)
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Review

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26 pages, 7781 KiB  
Review
Phase Change Metasurfaces by Continuous or Quasi-Continuous Atoms for Active Optoelectronic Integration
by Zhihua Fan, Qinling Deng, Xiaoyu Ma and Shaolin Zhou
Materials 2021, 14(5), 1272; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ma14051272 - 7 Mar 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3487
Abstract
In recent decades, metasurfaces have emerged as an exotic and appealing group of nanophotonic devices for versatile wave regulation with deep subwavelength thickness facilitating compact integration. However, the ability to dynamically control the wave–matter interaction with external stimulus is highly desirable especially in [...] Read more.
In recent decades, metasurfaces have emerged as an exotic and appealing group of nanophotonic devices for versatile wave regulation with deep subwavelength thickness facilitating compact integration. However, the ability to dynamically control the wave–matter interaction with external stimulus is highly desirable especially in such scenarios as integrated photonics and optoelectronics, since their performance in amplitude and phase control settle down once manufactured. Currently, available routes to construct active photonic devices include micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), semiconductors, liquid crystal, and phase change materials (PCMs)-integrated hybrid devices, etc. For the sake of compact integration and good compatibility with the mainstream complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process for nanofabrication and device integration, the PCMs-based scheme stands out as a viable and promising candidate. Therefore, this review focuses on recent progresses on phase change metasurfaces with dynamic wave control (amplitude and phase or wavefront), and especially outlines those with continuous or quasi-continuous atoms in favor of optoelectronic integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quasi-Continuous Metasurfaces for High-Performance Functional Electromagnetic Wave Devices)
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