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25th Anniversary of Molecules - Featuring Element 25: Manganese and/or...
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25th Anniversary of Molecules - Featuring Element 25: Manganese and/or Other Metals

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Structure".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 21883

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rudy J. Richardson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Environmental Health Sciences (EHS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: computational molecular modeling with applications to drug discovery; mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases; neurotoxicology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. David C. Lacy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
Interests: inorganic synthesis; first-row transition-metal chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue of the Molecular Structure section of Molecules commemorating the 25th anniversary of the journal will feature papers on element 25: manganese (Mn). Whereas manuscripts are sought that deal with the structural chemistry of Mn, we also invite contributions dealing with other aspects of Mn and/or other metals. Papers may include full-length research articles, short communications, or focused reviews. Subject matter may include, but not be limited by, the topics shown below in the keywords list.

Prof. Dr. Rudy J. Richardson
Dr. David C. Lacy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ­Compounds or complexes containing Mn and/or other metals.
  • Enzymes or other proteins containing Mn and/or other metals.
  • Redox chemistry of Mn and/or other metals and their compounds.
  • Electronic and magnetic properties of materials containing Mn and/or other metals.
  • Spectroscopy of Mn and/or other metals (e.g., NMR, MRI, EPR, NQR, UV/VIS, IR, 2D-IR).
  • Mass spectrometry of Mn and/or other metals.
  • Mn and/or other metals in health and disease.
  • Nutritional aspects of Mn and/or other metals.
  • Mineralogy, geochemistry, or biogeochemistry of Mn and/or other metals.
  • Nanomaterials containing Mn and/or other metals.
  • Organomanganese compounds

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1086 KiB  
Article
Challenges of Measuring Soluble Mn(III) Species in Natural Samples
by Bohee Kim, Usha Farey Lingappa, John Magyar, Danielle Monteverde, Joan Selverstone Valentine, Jaeheung Cho and Woodward Fischer
Molecules 2022, 27(5), 1661; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27051661 - 03 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2302
Abstract
Soluble Mn(III)–L complexes appear to constitute a substantial portion of manganese (Mn) in many environments and serve as critical high-potential species for biogeochemical processes. However, the inherent reactivity and lability of these complexes—the same chemical characteristics that make them uniquely important in biogeochemistry—also [...] Read more.
Soluble Mn(III)–L complexes appear to constitute a substantial portion of manganese (Mn) in many environments and serve as critical high-potential species for biogeochemical processes. However, the inherent reactivity and lability of these complexes—the same chemical characteristics that make them uniquely important in biogeochemistry—also make them incredibly difficult to measure. Here we present experimental results demonstrating the limits of common analytical methods used to quantify these complexes. The leucoberbelin-blue method is extremely useful for detecting many high-valent Mn species, but it is incompatible with the subset of Mn(III) complexes that rapidly decompose under low-pH conditions—a methodological requirement for the assay. The Cd-porphyrin method works well for measuring Mn(II) species, but it does not work for measuring Mn(III) species, because additional chemistry occurs that is inconsistent with the proposed reaction mechanism. In both cases, the behavior of Mn(III) species in these methods ultimately stems from inter- and intramolecular redox chemistry that curtails the use of these approaches as a reflection of ligand-binding strength. With growing appreciation for the importance of high-valent Mn species and their cycling in the environment, these results underscore the need for additional method development to enable quantifying such species rapidly and accurately in nature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 25th Anniversary of Molecules - Featuring Element 25: Manganese and/or Other Metals)
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16 pages, 20469 KiB  
Article
Dioxygen Reactivity of Copper(I)/Manganese(II)-Porphyrin Assemblies: Mechanistic Studies and Cooperative Activation of O2
by Runzi Li, Firoz Shah Tuglak Khan and Shabnam Hematian
Molecules 2022, 27(3), 1000; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules27031000 - 01 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4214
Abstract
The oxidation of transition metals such as manganese and copper by dioxygen (O2) is of great interest to chemists and biochemists for fundamental and practical reasons. In this report, the O2 reactivities of 1:1 and 1:2 mixtures of [(TPP)MnII [...] Read more.
The oxidation of transition metals such as manganese and copper by dioxygen (O2) is of great interest to chemists and biochemists for fundamental and practical reasons. In this report, the O2 reactivities of 1:1 and 1:2 mixtures of [(TPP)MnII] (1; TPP: Tetraphenylporphyrin) and [(tmpa)CuI(MeCN)]+ (2; TMPA: Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) are described. Variable-temperature (−110 °C to room temperature) absorption spectroscopic measurements support that, at low temperature, oxygenation of the (TPP)Mn/Cu mixtures leads to rapid formation of a cupric superoxo intermediate, [(tmpa)CuII(O2•–)]+ (3), independent of the presence of the manganese porphyrin complex (1). Complex 3 subsequently reacts with 1 to form a heterobinuclear μ-peroxo species, [(tmpa)CuII–(O22–)–MnIII(TPP)]+ (4; λmax = 443 nm), which thermally converts to a μ-oxo complex, [(tmpa)CuII–O–MnIII(TPP)]+ (5; λmax = 434 and 466 nm), confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the 1:2 (TPP)Mn/Cu mixture, 4 is subsequently attacked by a second equivalent of 3, giving a bis-μ-peroxo species, i.e., [(tmpa)CuII−(O22−)−MnIV(TPP)−(O22−)−CuII(tmpa)]2+ (7; λmax = 420 nm and δpyrrolic = −44.90 ppm). The final decomposition product of the (TPP)Mn/Cu/O2 chemistry in MeTHF is [(TPP)MnIII(MeTHF)2]+ (6), whose X-ray structure is also presented and compared to literature analogs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 25th Anniversary of Molecules - Featuring Element 25: Manganese and/or Other Metals)
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18 pages, 38875 KiB  
Article
Mimicking Elementary Reactions of Manganese Lipoxygenase Using Mn-hydroxo and Mn-alkylperoxo Complexes
by Adedamola A. Opalade, Elizabeth N. Grotemeyer and Timothy A. Jackson
Molecules 2021, 26(23), 7151; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26237151 - 25 Nov 2021
Viewed by 1742
Abstract
Manganese lipoxygenase (MnLOX) is an enzyme that converts polyunsaturated fatty acids to alkyl hydroperoxides. In proposed mechanisms for this enzyme, the transfer of a hydrogen atom from a substrate C-H bond to an active-site MnIII-hydroxo center initiates substrate oxidation. In some [...] Read more.
Manganese lipoxygenase (MnLOX) is an enzyme that converts polyunsaturated fatty acids to alkyl hydroperoxides. In proposed mechanisms for this enzyme, the transfer of a hydrogen atom from a substrate C-H bond to an active-site MnIII-hydroxo center initiates substrate oxidation. In some proposed mechanisms, the active-site MnIII-hydroxo complex is regenerated by the reaction of a MnIII-alkylperoxo intermediate with water by a ligand substitution reaction. In a recent study, we described a pair of MnIII-hydroxo and MnIII-alkylperoxo complexes supported by the same amide-containing pentadentate ligand (6Medpaq). In this present work, we describe the reaction of the MnIII-hydroxo unit in C-H and O-H bond oxidation processes, thus mimicking one of the elementary reactions of the MnLOX enzyme. An analysis of kinetic data shows that the MnIII-hydroxo complex [MnIII(OH)(6Medpaq)]+ oxidizes TEMPOH (2,2′-6,6′-tetramethylpiperidine-1-ol) faster than the majority of previously reported MnIII-hydroxo complexes. Using a combination of cyclic voltammetry and electronic structure computations, we demonstrate that the weak MnIII-N(pyridine) bonds lead to a higher MnIII/II reduction potential, increasing the driving force for substrate oxidation reactions and accounting for the faster reaction rate. In addition, we demonstrate that the MnIII-alkylperoxo complex [MnIII(OOtBu)(6Medpaq)]+ reacts with water to obtain the corresponding MnIII-hydroxo species, thus mimicking the ligand substitution step proposed for MnLOX. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 25th Anniversary of Molecules - Featuring Element 25: Manganese and/or Other Metals)
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13 pages, 9999 KiB  
Article
Identification of Three Small Molecules That Can Selectively Influence Cellular Manganese Levels in a Mouse Striatal Cell Model
by Kyle J. Horning, Xueqi Tang, Morgan G. Thomas, Michael Aschner and Aaron B. Bowman
Molecules 2021, 26(4), 1175; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26041175 - 22 Feb 2021
Viewed by 2016
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a biologically essential metal, critical as a cofactor for numerous enzymes such a glutamine synthetase and kinases such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Similar to other essential metals such as iron and zinc, proper levels of Mn need to be achieved [...] Read more.
Manganese (Mn) is a biologically essential metal, critical as a cofactor for numerous enzymes such a glutamine synthetase and kinases such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Similar to other essential metals such as iron and zinc, proper levels of Mn need to be achieved while simultaneously being careful to avoid excess levels of Mn that can be neurotoxic. A lifetime of occupational exposure to Mn can often lead to a Parkinsonian condition, also known as “manganism”, characterized by impaired gait, muscle spasms, and tremors. Despite the importance of its regulation, the mechanisms underlying the transport and homeostasis of Mn are poorly understood. Rather than taking a protein or gene-targeted approach, our lab recently took a high-throughput-screening approach to identify 41 small molecules that could significantly increase or decrease intracellular Mn in a neuronal cell model. Here, we report characterization of these small molecules, which we refer to as the “Mn toolbox”. We adapted a Fura-2-based assay for measuring Mn concentration and for measuring relative concentrations of other divalent metals: nickel, copper, cobalt, and zinc. Of these 41 small molecules, we report here the identification of three that selectively influence cellular Mn but do not influence the other divalent metals tested. The patterns of activity across divalent metals and the discovery of Mn-selective small molecules has potential pharmacological and scientific utility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 25th Anniversary of Molecules - Featuring Element 25: Manganese and/or Other Metals)
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14 pages, 3563 KiB  
Article
Effects of Chemically-Modified Polypyridyl Ligands on the Structural and Redox Properties of Tricarbonylmanganese(I) Complexes
by Takatoshi Kanno, Tsugiko Takase and Dai Oyama
Molecules 2020, 25(24), 5921; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25245921 - 14 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2162
Abstract
Carbonyl complexes with manganese(I) as the central metal are very attractive catalysts. The introduction of redox-active ligands, such as quinones and methyl viologen analogs into these catalysts, would be expected to lead to superior catalyst performances, since they can function as excellent electron [...] Read more.
Carbonyl complexes with manganese(I) as the central metal are very attractive catalysts. The introduction of redox-active ligands, such as quinones and methyl viologen analogs into these catalysts, would be expected to lead to superior catalyst performances, since they can function as excellent electron carriers. In this study, we synthesized four tricarbonylmanganese(I) complexes containing typical bidentate polypyridyl ligands, including 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) frameworks bound to redox-active ortho-quinone/catechol or methyl viologen-like units. The molecular structures of the resulting complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography to clarify their steric features. As expected from the infrared (IR) data, three CO ligands for each complex were coordinated in the facial configuration around the central manganese(I) atom. Additionally, the structural parameters were found to differ significantly between the quinone/catechol units. Electrochemical analysis revealed some differences between them and their reference complexes, namely [MnBr(CO)3(phen)] and [MnBr(CO)3(bpy)]. Notably, interconversions induced by two-electron/two-proton transfers between the quinone and catechol units were observed in the phenanthroline-based complexes. This work indicated that the structural and redox properties in tricarbonylmanganese(I) complexes were significantly affected by chemically modified polypyridyl ligands. A better understanding of structures and redox behaviors of the present compounds would facilitate the design of new manganese complexes with enhanced properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 25th Anniversary of Molecules - Featuring Element 25: Manganese and/or Other Metals)
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Review

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15 pages, 2123 KiB  
Review
Textile Dye Biodecolorization by Manganese Peroxidase: A Review
by Yunkang Chang, Dandan Yang, Rui Li, Tao Wang and Yimin Zhu
Molecules 2021, 26(15), 4403; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules26154403 - 21 Jul 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3931
Abstract
Wastewater emissions from textile factories cause serious environmental problems. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is an oxidoreductase with ligninolytic activity and is a promising biocatalyst for the biodegradation of hazardous environmental contaminants, and especially for dye wastewater decolorization. This article first summarizes the origin, crystal [...] Read more.
Wastewater emissions from textile factories cause serious environmental problems. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) is an oxidoreductase with ligninolytic activity and is a promising biocatalyst for the biodegradation of hazardous environmental contaminants, and especially for dye wastewater decolorization. This article first summarizes the origin, crystal structure, and catalytic cycle of MnP, and then reviews the recent literature on its application to dye wastewater decolorization. In addition, the application of new technologies such as enzyme immobilization and genetic engineering that could improve the stability, durability, adaptability, and operating costs of the enzyme are highlighted. Finally, we discuss and propose future strategies to improve the performance of MnP-assisted dye decolorization in industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 25th Anniversary of Molecules - Featuring Element 25: Manganese and/or Other Metals)
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21 pages, 384 KiB  
Review
Manganese Accumulation in the Brain via Various Transporters and Its Neurotoxicity Mechanisms
by Ivan Nyarko-Danquah, Edward Pajarillo, Alexis Digman, Karam F. A. Soliman, Michael Aschner and Eunsook Lee
Molecules 2020, 25(24), 5880; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25245880 - 12 Dec 2020
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 4405
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, serving as a cofactor for several key enzymes, such as glutamine synthetase, arginase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. However, its chronic overexposure can result in a neurological disorder referred to as manganism, presenting symptoms similar [...] Read more.
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, serving as a cofactor for several key enzymes, such as glutamine synthetase, arginase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. However, its chronic overexposure can result in a neurological disorder referred to as manganism, presenting symptoms similar to those inherent to Parkinson’s disease. The pathological symptoms of Mn-induced toxicity are well-known, but the underlying mechanisms of Mn transport to the brain and cellular toxicity leading to Mn’s neurotoxicity are not completely understood. Mn’s levels in the brain are regulated by multiple transporters responsible for its uptake and efflux, and thus, dysregulation of these transporters may result in Mn accumulation in the brain, causing neurotoxicity. Its distribution and subcellular localization in the brain and associated subcellular toxicity mechanisms have also been extensively studied. This review highlights the presently known Mn transporters and their roles in Mn-induced neurotoxicity, as well as subsequent molecular and cellular dysregulation upon its intracellular uptakes, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, disruption of neurotransmission, α-synuclein aggregation, and amyloidogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 25th Anniversary of Molecules - Featuring Element 25: Manganese and/or Other Metals)
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