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Photonics
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Fiber Optic Sensors: Science and Applications
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Fiber Optic Sensors: Science and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 4660

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Qinduan Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laser Institute, International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
Interests: optical fiber devices and systems; fiber sensors applications; precision measurement; gas sensor; laser spectroscopy; fiber laser
Prof. Dr. Zongliang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physics Science and Information Technology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
Interests: fiber optic gas and temperature sensing; photoacoustic spectroscopy; QEPTS; TDLAS; fiber ring laser; FBG

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing interest in fiber optic sensors due to their attractive features such as small size, light weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference, passive composition, high temperature performance, large bandwidth, high sensitivity, environmental ruggedness, and the ability of distributed sensing. At present, fiber optic sensors have progressed from the laboratory research and development stage to practical applications. With rapid advancements in optoelectronic and communication fields, the number of fiber optic sensors is expected to grow tremendously in the coming years.

This Special Issue of Photonics aims to collect original research and review articles on the latest principles, technological innovation, new applications, and new challenges in the field of fiber optic sensors.

Potential topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Novel concepts for fiber optic sensors;
  • Optical and laser measurement;
  • Fiber, grating and components for sensing;
  • Physical sensors, chemical sensors, and biosensors;
  • Micro and nano structured fiber optic sensors;
  • Distributed fiber optic sensors;
  • Sensor signal processing;
  • New fiber sensing technologies and platforms;
  • Fiber optic sensor applications.

Dr. Qinduan Zhang
Prof. Dr. Zongliang Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fiber optic sensors
  • sensor applications
  • optical fiber device
  • principles of fiber optic sensors
  • precision measurement
  • distributed fiber sensors
  • optical signal detection

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1749 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of an Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser as an Edge Filtering Device for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Interrogation
by Nikolaos A. Stathopoulos, Christos Lazakis, Iraklis Simos and Christos Simos
Photonics 2024, 11(5), 407; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics11050407 (registering DOI) - 27 Apr 2024
Viewed by 100
Abstract
An easy-to-implement and cost-effective Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor interrogation technique based on a ring Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser (EDFL) topology is proposed and experimentally assessed. The FBG sensor is part of the EDFL cavity and must have a central wavelength located within the [...] Read more.
An easy-to-implement and cost-effective Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor interrogation technique based on a ring Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser (EDFL) topology is proposed and experimentally assessed. The FBG sensor is part of the EDFL cavity and must have a central wavelength located within the linear region of the EDF’s amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum, which occurs at between 1530 and 1540 nm. In this manner, the wavelength-encoded response of the FBG under strain is converted to a linear variation in the laser output power, removing the need for spectrum analysis as well as any limitations from the use of external edge-filtering components. In addition, the laser linewidth is significantly reduced with respect to the FBG bandwidth, thus improving the resolution of the system, whereas its sensitivity can be controlled through pumping power. The performance of the system has been characterized by modeling and experiments for EDFs with different lengths, doping concentrations, and pumping power levels. The influence of mode-hopping in the laser cavity on the resolution and accuracy of the system has also been investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Optic Sensors: Science and Applications)
15 pages, 8169 KiB  
Article
Strain Monitoring and Installation Adjustment of Satellite–Rocket Connection Device Based on Distributed Optical Fibers
by Xiaoxi Qu, Shiyuan Zhao, Fuqiang Ma, Jianle Li, Hanke Li, Zhengyan Yang, Hao Xu, Lei Yang and Zhanjun Wu
Photonics 2024, 11(4), 335; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics11040335 - 05 Apr 2024
Viewed by 419
Abstract
In this study, a distributed optical fiber sensor was used for strain monitoring and installation adjustment of a satellite–rocket connection device under a preload. The distributed optical fiber sensor was installed on both the tape and the satellite docking frame, utilizing OFDR (Optical [...] Read more.
In this study, a distributed optical fiber sensor was used for strain monitoring and installation adjustment of a satellite–rocket connection device under a preload. The distributed optical fiber sensor was installed on both the tape and the satellite docking frame, utilizing OFDR (Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry) based on Backward Rayleigh scattering strain demodulation methods to precisely measure the strain distribution of both components when subjected to a preload. In order to deal with the uneven stress of the belt in the process of preloading, a finite element analysis was performed to obtain the strain distribution of the belt under preloading. The strain monitoring results of the optical fiber and strain gauge were compared, and the strain trend of the finite element simulation results was verified. Finally, the measured strain data were adopted to assist the installation and adjustment of the satellite–rocket connection device to achieve a uniform distribution of the preload. The experimental results showed that the standard deviation of strain at each position of the tape was reduced after adjustment. This study provides guidance for the installation of satellite–rocket connection devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Optic Sensors: Science and Applications)
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10 pages, 2987 KiB  
Article
In Situ All-Fiber Remote Gas Sensing Strategy Based on Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber and Middle-Hole Eccentric-Core Fiber
by Yuhan Geng, Tie Zhang, Shengnan Wu and Sailing He
Photonics 2024, 11(4), 301; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics11040301 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 444
Abstract
Laser absorption spectroscopy for gas sensing basically employs an air pump located at the gas cell probe to draw in ambient gases, and the on-site gas sample is subsequently delivered for laboratory non-real-time analysis. In this study, an in situ all-fiber remote gas [...] Read more.
Laser absorption spectroscopy for gas sensing basically employs an air pump located at the gas cell probe to draw in ambient gases, and the on-site gas sample is subsequently delivered for laboratory non-real-time analysis. In this study, an in situ all-fiber remote gas sensing strategy is proposed. The anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF) is used as the sensing fiber, and a 20 m middle-hole eccentric-core fiber (MH-ECF) is used as the conducting fiber. The remote ambient gases can be inhaled into the AR-HCF as a result of the negative pressure transmitted through the MH-ECF when pumping gas at the interface of the MH-ECF. Since the real-time monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions in industrial processes holds immense significance in addressing global climate change, the detection of CO2 is achieved with the TDLAS-WMS method, and the gas sensing performance of an all-fiber remote gas sensing structure (RGS) is experimentally validated. The response time t90 under the pumping condition is about 456 s, which is about 30 times faster than that of free diffusion. Allan deviation results for more than one hour of continuous monitoring indicate that the lowest detection limit for the all-fiber RGS is 0.0373% when the integration time is 184 s. The all-fiber remote gas sensing strategy also possesses the benefits of being applicable to multiplex, hazardous gas environment passive monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Optic Sensors: Science and Applications)
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16 pages, 17213 KiB  
Article
Fiber-Optic Hydraulic Sensor Based on an End-Face Fabry–Perot Interferometer with an Open Cavity
by Oleg Morozov, Timur Agliullin, Airat Sakhabutdinov, Artem Kuznetsov, Bulat Valeev, Mohammed Qaid, Roman Ponomarev, Danil Nurmuhametov, Anastasia Shmyrova and Yuri Konstantinov
Photonics 2024, 11(1), 22; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics11010022 - 27 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1231
Abstract
The paper describes the design and manufacturing process of a fiber optic microphone based on a macro cavity at the end face of an optical fiber. The study explores the step-by-step fabrication of a droplet-shaped macro cavity on the optical fiber’s end surface, [...] Read more.
The paper describes the design and manufacturing process of a fiber optic microphone based on a macro cavity at the end face of an optical fiber. The study explores the step-by-step fabrication of a droplet-shaped macro cavity on the optical fiber’s end surface, derived from the formation of a quasi-periodic array of micro-cavities due to the fuse effect. Immersing the end face of an optical fiber with a macro cavity in liquid leads to the formation of a closed area of gas where interfacial surfaces act as Fabry–Perot mirrors. The study demonstrates that the macro cavity can act as a standard foundational element for diverse fiber optic sensors, using the droplet-shaped end-face cavity as a primary sensor element. An evaluation of the macro cavity interferometer’s sensitivity to length alterations is presented, highlighting its substantial promise for use in precise fiber optic measurements. However, potential limitations and further research directions include investigating the influence of external factors on microphone sensitivity and long-term stability. This approach not only significantly contributes to optical measurement techniques but also underscores the necessity for the continued exploration of the parameters influencing device performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Optic Sensors: Science and Applications)
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19 pages, 7382 KiB  
Article
Stability Improvement of the TDLAS-Based CO Monitoring Module in a Coal Mine by Using a Spectral Denoising Algorithm Based on SVR
by Yin Wang, Lianqing Li, Haoran Li, Feng Hu and Pengbo Qian
Photonics 2024, 11(1), 11; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics11010011 - 23 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1003
Abstract
CO gas is not only lethal but also a significant forecasting indicator for the spontaneous combustion of coal mines. It is imperative that monitoring modules for CO gas that work well in the coal mine environment are available. A feasible solution is the [...] Read more.
CO gas is not only lethal but also a significant forecasting indicator for the spontaneous combustion of coal mines. It is imperative that monitoring modules for CO gas that work well in the coal mine environment are available. A feasible solution is the detection of CO by using monitoring modules based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) over a mid-infrared waveband near 4.6 μm. However, in most cases, the mid-infrared TDLAS-based CO monitoring module tends to introduce severe interference fringe noise into the TDLAS spectral backgrounds which is difficult to filter out using traditional spectral filtering methods, reducing the detection performance of the module. In order to filter out the noise and improve the stability of the module in complex coal mine environments, this work proposed an algorithm based on support vector regression (SVR) to extract the TDLAS spectral backgrounds. Spectral analysis indicates that the TDLAS spectral background can be predicted over the entire scanning spectrum range by using this algorithm, and the noise in the spectral background can be effectively filtered out when calculating the absorbance spectrum based on the Lambert–Beer law. Compared to extracting spectral backgrounds using the traditional least square polynomial fit, the obtained correlation coefficients between regression models of spectral backgrounds and corresponding training point datasets were increased from below 0.998 to above 0.999. The peak-to-peak value of the obtained N2 absorbance spectrum was suppressed below 0.022 from nearly 0.045. The signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained 25 ppm CO absorbance spectrum was increased to 13.35 from 6.95. A CO monitoring module polluted by dust was used to conduct experiments to further test the SVR-based algorithm. The experiment results showed that after programming the SVR-based algorithm to the module, the estimated limit of detection of the module was reduced to 5.46 ppm from 29.08 ppm, and all the absolute measuring errors of the standard CO gases with different low concentrations were reduced to less than 4 ppm from a majority of the errors of more than 10 ppm, compared to least square polynomial fit. The CO monitoring module could still maintain the performance of high-precision quantitative detection when using the SVR-based algorithm even if it had been polluted severely. So, the CO monitoring module has good adaptability to harsh field environments, and its operation stability can be effectively improved by using the algorithm proposed in this work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Optic Sensors: Science and Applications)
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12 pages, 4480 KiB  
Article
Multi-Event Location Denoising Scheme for φ-OTDR Based on FFDNet Network
by Xiyu Yang, Shuai Li, Yanping Xu, Zhaojun Liu and Zengguang Qin
Photonics 2023, 10(10), 1114; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics10101114 - 03 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 872
Abstract
In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of vibration sensing in the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR) system, a fiber sensing signal processing method based on the FFDNet convolutional neural network is proposed in this paper. In the network, the concept of [...] Read more.
In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of vibration sensing in the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR) system, a fiber sensing signal processing method based on the FFDNet convolutional neural network is proposed in this paper. In the network, the concept of residual learning is introduced, which involves constructing a residual mapping and utilizing multi-layer convolutional neural networks to learn the noise distribution present in the original image. The denoised result can be obtained by subtracting the learned noise from the original image. We have built a φ-OTDR system based on coherent detection, using three PZTs as simulated vibration sources and a series of experiments at 200 Hz, with each experiment simulating a single vibration event or multiple vibration events by setting different intensities. The experimental results demonstrate that the FFDNet based fiber optic sensing signal processing method enhances the SNR to 37.84 dB, 37.11 dB, and 37.31 dB, respectively, while preserving vibration signal details more effectively than wavelet denoising and Gaussian filtering techniques. The trained FFDNet model has great potential for improving the performance of the φ-OTDR system and has some practical application value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber Optic Sensors: Science and Applications)
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