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Processes
Special Issues
Production Technologies for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes, Cells and Systems
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Production Technologies for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes, Cells and Systems

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 17103

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Arno Kwade

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Guest Editor
Institute for Particle Technology and Battery LabFactory Braunschweig, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
Interests: particle technology; battery process technology; materials engineering; mechanical process technology
Prof. Dr. Klaus Droeder

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Guest Editor
Institute of Machine Toos and Production Technology & Battery LabFactory Braunschweig, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Interests: battery cell; system production
Dr. Peter Michalowski

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Guest Editor
Institute for Particle Technology & Battery LabFactory Braunschweig, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
Interests: electrical and electrochemical characterization; materials engineering; all-solid-state batteries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the high number of consecutive process steps and the significant impact of material properties, electrode compositions, as well as battery cell and systems designs on the production processes, lithium-ion battery (LIB) production represents a fruitful and dynamically growing area of research. With ever-growing demand, knowledge of production technologies for automotive LIBs have improved considerably over the last few years. Nevertheless, the transfer from lab scale to production scale remains a challenge and requires an in-depth understanding of the applied materials, as well as the individual production processes and their interactions. To further improve battery performance and reduce production costs, emerging process concepts have to be developed at both scales.

For this Special Issue, we invite submissions exploring the relationships between process parameters and structure, quality as well as performance of intermediate products, electrodes, cells and full battery systems, as well as the impact of materials and processes on the scale and cost of LIBs for automotive application. In addition, the latest advances regarding new production processes and to overcome main challenges can be presented. Review papers and perspectives are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Arno Kwade
Prof. Dr. Klaus Droeder
Dr. Peter Michalowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • production processes
  • lithium-ion battery
  • cell design
  • automotive battery
  • production costs
  • scalability
  • electrode production
  • cell production
  • battery system production
  • battery performance
  • electrode structure

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 9502 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Electrodes after Calendering and Its Influence on Singulation and Cell Performance
by Dominik Mayer, Ann-Kathrin Wurba, Benjamin Bold, Jonathan Bernecker, Anna Smith and Jürgen Fleischer
Processes 2021, 9(11), 2009; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9112009 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4588
Abstract
Battery cell production is a complex process chain with interlinked manufacturing processes. Calendering in particular has an enormous influence on the subsequent manufacturing steps and final cell performance. However, the effects on the mechanical properties of the electrode, in particular, have been insufficiently [...] Read more.
Battery cell production is a complex process chain with interlinked manufacturing processes. Calendering in particular has an enormous influence on the subsequent manufacturing steps and final cell performance. However, the effects on the mechanical properties of the electrode, in particular, have been insufficiently investigated. For this reason, the impact of different densification rates during calendering on the electrochemical cell performance of NMC811 (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) half-cells are investigated to identify the relevant calendering parameters. Based on this investigation, an experimental design has been derived. Electrode elongations after calendering in and orthogonal to the running direction of the NMC811 cathode are investigated in comparison with a hard carbon anode after calendering. Elongations orthogonal to the machine direction are observed to have no major dependencies on the compaction rate during calendering. In the machine direction, however, significant elongation occurs as a dependency of the compaction rate for both the hard carbon anode and the NMC811. In addition, the geometric shape of the NMC811 electrodes after separation into individual sheets is investigated with regard to different compaction rates during calendering. It is shown that the corrugations that occur during calendering are propagated into the single electrode, depending on the compaction rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production Technologies for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes, Cells and Systems)
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29 pages, 5806 KiB  
Article
Simulation Based Approach for High-Throughput Stacking Processes in Battery Production
by Alexander Müller, Muhammed Aydemir, Christina von Boeselager, Nils van Ohlen, Sina Rahlfs, Ruben Leithoff, Klaus Dröder and Franz Dietrich
Processes 2021, 9(11), 1993; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9111993 - 08 Nov 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3493
Abstract
What are the benefits of simulation-driven design and optimization of stacking processes in battery cell production? This question is addressed within the scope of the paper. This work proposes a method to reduce the effort for model-based design and optimization. Based on three [...] Read more.
What are the benefits of simulation-driven design and optimization of stacking processes in battery cell production? This question is addressed within the scope of the paper. This work proposes a method to reduce the effort for model-based design and optimization. Based on three case studies which originate from the development of high-speed stacking processes, this paper illustrates how the relevant loads on the intermediate products are determined with the help of the method. Subsequently, it is shown how the specific material models for battery electrodes and separators are identified, created and validated, as well as how process models are created and process limits are identified and optimized. It was possible to prove how process simulations can be used to minimize the effort required to validate developments and to efficiently determine optimized process parameters for a format and material change in a model-based manner. Consequently, more and more model-based processes should be taken into account during development and start-up in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production Technologies for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes, Cells and Systems)
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8 pages, 3422 KiB  
Communication
Increase of Cycling Stability in Pilot-Scale 21700 Format Li-Ion Cells by Foil Tab Design
by Thomas Waldmann, Rares-George Scurtu, Daniel Brändle and Margret Wohlfahrt-Mehrens
Processes 2021, 9(11), 1908; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9111908 - 26 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2807
Abstract
Li-ion cells of the industrially-relevant 21700 format were built on pilot-scale with tabs made from (a) the electrodes’ current collecting foils (Al and Cu, “foil tabs”) in comparison with (b) conventional tabs (Al and Ni) welded to the electrodes’ current collecting foils (“welded [...] Read more.
Li-ion cells of the industrially-relevant 21700 format were built on pilot-scale with tabs made from (a) the electrodes’ current collecting foils (Al and Cu, “foil tabs”) in comparison with (b) conventional tabs (Al and Ni) welded to the electrodes’ current collecting foils (“welded tabs”). Both cell types use the same anode (graphite), cathode (NMC622), separator, electrolyte, as well as the same tab positions. This allows a direct comparison of welded tabs and foil tabs regarding formation, C-rate capability, cell electrical resistance, and long-term cycling stability tests. Our data reproducibly shows 14.4% longer cycling stability and 11.2% increased total charge throughput in the case of the cells with foil tabs until 80% SOH, which is likely due to less inhomogeneities in the case of the foil tab design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production Technologies for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes, Cells and Systems)
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17 pages, 21894 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Lamination Process on the Wetting Behavior and the Wetting Rate of Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Nicolaj Kaden, Nicolas Schlüter, Ruben Leithoff, Sinan Savas, Simon Grundmeier and Klaus Dröder
Processes 2021, 9(10), 1851; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pr9101851 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4219
Abstract
In lithium-ion battery manufacturing, wetting of active materials is a time-critical process. Consequently, the impact of possible process chain extensions such as lamination needs to be explored to potentially improve the efficiency of the electrode and separator stacking process in battery cell manufacturing. [...] Read more.
In lithium-ion battery manufacturing, wetting of active materials is a time-critical process. Consequently, the impact of possible process chain extensions such as lamination needs to be explored to potentially improve the efficiency of the electrode and separator stacking process in battery cell manufacturing. This paper addresses the research gap of the unexplored effects of lamination on the wetting rate of electrode-separator assemblies in pouch cells. Based on the triangulation of three measurement techniques (gravimetric, optical, electrochemical), a correlation between lamination and wettability of electrode-separator assemblies is experimentally demonstrated, thus providing an important research contribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production Technologies for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes, Cells and Systems)
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